scholarly journals Isolation, Molecular Identification and Multidrug Resistance Profiling of Bacteria Causing Clinical Mastitis in Cows

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Vatalia ◽  
B.B. Bhanderi ◽  
V.R. Nimavat ◽  
M.K. Jhala
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: Mastitis, the inflammation of parenchyma of mammary gland is frequently considered to be costliest and complex disease prevalent in India. Mastitis is caused by pathogens like Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Mycoplasma bovis, E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp. and Entercoccus. The treatment of mastitis in animals is carried out using antibiotics. Treatment failure in mastitis is due to increased antibiotic resistance of mastitis pathogens and also due to indiscriminate use of antibiotics without testing in vitro antibiotic sensitivity test against causal organisms. In comparison to cultural method, PCR assays takes less time for detection of bacteria from the mastitis milk samples. Present research work was carried out regarding isolation, identification and multiple drug resistance profile of clinical bovine mastitis associated pathogens using conventional as well as molecular approach. Methods: In the present study, 73 mastitis milk samples were collected from Anand and Panchmahal district of Gujarat. The milk samples were subjected for cultural isolation and DNA extraction for identification of bacteria by cultural and PCR method. Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of the isolates were carried by disc diffusion method and isolates were categorized in multiple drug resistant. Result: In the present study, Out of 73 mastitis milk samples collected from cows 48 (65.75%) cows were positive for bacterial isolation and S. aureus was the most predominant bacterial species. PCR from the mastitis milk additionally detected bacteria in culturally negative milk samples. Most sensitive drug was gentamicin and most of the isolates (90.19%) showed the multiple drug resistance for the two to nine drugs with 0.1 to 0.6 multiple antibiotic resistance index.

scholarly journals Klebsiella Pneumoniae in Septicemic Neonates with Special Reference to Extended Spectrum β-lactamase, AmpC, Metallo β-lactamase Production and Multiple Drug Resistance in Tertiary Care Hospital

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
pp. 032-037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivali V Gajul ◽  
Shivajirao T Mohite ◽  
Smita S Mangalgi ◽  
Sanjay M Wavare ◽  
Satish V Kakade
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Neonatal Septicemia ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Disk Method

ABSTRACT Background: β-lactamases viz., extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), AmpC, and metallo β-lactamase (MBL) production in Klebsiella pneumoniae has led to a serious concern about septicemic neonates in Neonatal Intensive Care Units due to high resistance against commonly used antimicrobials Purpose:To study the prevalence of ESBL, AmpC, and MBL production in K. pneumoniae isolates in neonatal septicemia, to check antimicrobial susceptibility to various drugs including tigecycline; and to assess burden of multiple drug resistance (MDR). Materials and Methods: Total 24 clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae isolated from 318 blood samples of suspected cases of neonatal septicemia were studied. Isolates were screened for ESBL, AmpC, and MBL production by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) disk method, AmpC cefoxitin screen, and imipenem, meropenem, ceftazidime disk screen respectively; and confirmation was done by CLSI phenotypic disk confirmatory test, AmpC sterile disk method, and imipenem ethylenediamine tetracetic acid double disk synergy test respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by Kirby-Bauer's disk diffusion method. Efficacy of tigecycline was evaluated using United States Food and Drug Administration guidelines. Results: Of the 24 K. pneumoniae isolates, co-production of AmpC + MBL was found in more number of isolates (67%) (P < 0.0001) compared to single enzyme production (ESBL and MBL 8% both, AmpC 12.5%). Rate of resistance for penicillins and cephalosporins was highest. Susceptibility was more for imipenem, co-trimoxazole, and meropenem. Nonsusceptibility to tigecycline was low (21%). A total of 23 (96%) isolates were MDR. Conclusions: Routine detection of ESBL, AmpC, and MBL is required in laboratories. Carbapenems should be kept as a last resort drugs. Trend of tigecycline susceptibility has been noted in the study. Continued monitoring of susceptibility pattern is necessary to detect true burden of resistance for proper management.

scholarly journals The Bacteriological Quality, Safety, and Antibiogram ofSalmonellaIsolates from Fresh Meat in Retail Shops of Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melkamnesh Azage ◽  
Mulugeta Kibret
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Bahir Dar ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Fresh Meat

The habit of raw meat consumption in addition to the poor hygienic standards and lack of knowledge contribute to food-borne diseases outbreaks. The objective of this research was to assess the bacterial quality and safety of fresh meat from retail Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia. A total of 30 fresh meat samples were collected from butcher shops. Standard bacteriological methods were used to isolate and enumerate bacteria. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing ofSalmonellaisolates. The mean counts of AMB, TC, andS. aureuswere log104.53, 3.97, and 3.88 log10cfu/g, respectively.Salmonellawas isolated from 21 (70%) of the samples.Salmonellaisolates in this study were highly susceptible to ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, and norfloxacin while they were resistant to erythromycin and tetracycline. High rate of multiple drug resistance was also noticed inSalmonellaisolates. The microbial loads of meat were above the recommended microbial safety limits. Besides this, the isolation rate ofSalmonellawas high and high levels of drug resistance were documented forSalmonellaisolates. Measures on handling and appropriate personal hygiene practices of workers in the retail shops are recommended to reduce the change of forborne disease outbreaks.

scholarly journals Advanced molecular characterization of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic camel neonates in Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Momtaz A. Shahein ◽  
Amany N. Dapgh ◽  
Essam Kamel ◽  
Samah F. Ali ◽  
Eman A. Khairy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
E Coli

Background and Aim: Camels are important livestock in Egypt on cultural and economic bases, but studies of etiological agents of camelid diseases are limited. The enteropathogen Escherichia coli is a cause of broad spectrum gastrointestinal infections among humans and animals, especially in developing countries. Severe infections can lead to death. The current study aimed to identify pathogenic E. coli strains that cause diarrhea in camel calves and characterize their virulence and drug resistance at a molecular level. Materials and Methods: Seventy fecal samples were collected from diarrheic neonatal camel calves in Giza Governorate during 2018-2019. Samples were cultured on a selective medium for E. coli, and positive colonies were confirmed biochemically, serotyped, and tested for antibiotic susceptibility. E. coli isolates were further confirmed through detection of the housekeeping gene, yaiO, and examined for the presence of virulence genes; traT and fimH and for genes responsible for antibiotic resistance, ampC, aadB, and mphA. The isolates in the important isolated serotype, E. coli O26, were examined for toxigenic genes and sequenced. Results: The bacteriological and biochemical examination identified 12 E. coli isolates from 70 fecal samples (17.1%). Serotyping of these isolates showed four types: O26, four isolates, 33.3%; O103, O111, three isolates each, 25%; and O45, two isolates, 16.7%. The isolates showed resistance to vancomycin (75%) and ampicillin (66.6%), but were highly susceptible to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and tetracycline (100%). The structural gene, yaiO (115 bp), was amplified from all 12 E. coli isolates and traT and fimH genes were amplified from 10 and 8 isolates, respectively. Antibiotic resistance genes, ampC, mphA, and aadB, were harbored in 9 (75%), 8 (66.6%), and 5 (41.7%), respectively. Seven isolates (58.3%) were MDR. Real-time-polymerase chain reaction of the O26 isolates identified one isolate harboring vt1, two with vt2, and one isolate with neither gene. Sequencing of the isolates revealed similarities to E. coli O157 strains. Conclusion: Camels and other livestock suffer various diseases, including diarrhea often caused by microbial pathogens. Enteropathogenic E. coli serotypes were isolated from diarrheic neonatal camel calves. These isolates exhibited virulence and multiple drug resistance genes.

Intrinsic antibiotic resistance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) rhizobia

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. Garg ◽  
N. Beri ◽  
P. Tauro
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Wild Type

SUMMARYMore than 200 wild type isolates of chickpea (C. arietinum) rhizobia were screened for their drug resistance. Only 15 were found to be resistant to one or more antibiotics at a concentration of 5 μg/ml (units/ml). When tested for multiple drug resistance, some were found to be resistant to more than one antibiotic. In competition studies, rhizobia resistant to streptomycin were found to be more competitive than antibioticsensitive strains, while those resistant to penicillin could not compete even with antibiotic-sensitive strains.

scholarly journals Systematic Comparative Study of Selected Antibiotics and Sulphur/ Medicinal Plant Mediated Nano-particles against Non-Leguminous Endophytic Bacteria and Clinical Isolates

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
Oludare Temitope Osuntokun ◽  
Owolabi Mutolib Bankole ◽  
Thonda Oluwakemi Abike ◽  
Omoyungbo Emmanuel Joy ◽  
Ajadi Fatima Adenike
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum

The rapid emergence of resistant bacteria is occurring worldwide, endangering the efficacy of antibiotics, therefore, there is a need for a systematic approach to the menace of resistant bacteria. Green synthesized nanoparticle (NPs) of medicinal plant based as become an alternative way out to total eradication of resistant microorganisms, Therefore, the search for new, effective bactericidal agents is imminent significantly, for combating drug resistance microorganism. This research work aims to isolate, identify and characterize endophytic bacteria from five non-leguminous plants, namely Carica papaya, Helianthus annuus, Talinum fruticosum, Phoenix dactylifera, and Solanum lycopersicum. The surface of the plants were sterilized, Isolation, characterization and identification using biochemical characterization of the endophytic bacteria were examined according to Bergey’s manual of Systemic Bacteriology. The sulfur/medicinal plant mediated Nanoparticle with and without Ocimum gratissimum were tested against the endophytic bacteria and selected clinical isolates, for their antimicrobial susceptibility test as described Kirby-Bauer Disc diffusion method. SNP1 was prepared from sodium thiosulfate penthahydrate, citric acid, with fresh leaves of O. gratissimum and characterized by using Shimadzu UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer UV-3100 with a MPCF-3100 sample compartment while SNP2 was prepared using the same method but without O. gratissimum. The endophyte showed resistant to cephalosporin antibiotics family and SNP2, while all the endophytic bacteria were susceptible to ciprofloxacin (100%), pefloxacin (100%). Streptococcus infectinalis and Cellumonas flavigena showed high susceptibility to sulfur/ plant nanoparticle mediated with Ocimum gratissimum extract (SNP1). The study showed that sulfur/medicinal plant mediated nanoparticle can be a promising antimicrobial agent against a wide range of pathogenic and multiple drug resistance bacteria including both clinical isolates, its uses and practice should be encouraged especially against multiple drug resistance bacteria.

scholarly journals Bacteremia in Ibn Al-Baladi hospital in Baghdad; Incidence etiology and antibiotic resistance of pathogens

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-552
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms

60 cases of Bacteremia were documented at Ibn Al-Baladi hospital during 6 months (1-1-2002 to 1-7-2002), with an incidence of 5.2 were gram-negative organisms and most common one was Salmonella and Klebsiella. Incidence was significantly higher in male than female .Antimicrobial sensitivity tests revealed that isolated bacteria are with multiple drug resistance to commonly used antimicrobial agents. Salmonella showed high resistance to cephaloxin, co-trimoxazole and amoxicillin and also Klebsiella showed resistance to cephaloxin and amoxicillin.

Antibiotic resistance among bacteria isolated from seawater and penguin fecal samples collected near Palmer Station, AntarcticaThis article is one of a selection of papers in the Special Issue on Polar and Alpine Microbiology.

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert V. Miller ◽  
Katharine Gammon ◽  
Martin J. Day
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Antarctic Waters ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Palmer Station ◽  
Human Habitation ◽  
The Antarctic

Antibiotic resistance in aquatic bacteria has increased steadily as a consequence of the widespread use of antibiotics, but practice and international treaty should have limited antibiotic contamination in Antarctica. We estimated antibiotic resistance in microorganisms isolated from the Antarctic marine waters and a penguin rookery, for 2 reasons: (i) as a measure of human impact and (ii) as a potential “snapshot” of the preantibiotic world. Samples were taken at 4 established sampling sites near Palmer Station, which is situated at the southern end of the Palmer Archipelago (64°10′S, 61°50′W). Sites were chosen to provide different potentials for human contamination. Forty 50 mL samples of seawater were collected and colony-forming units (CFU)/mL were determined at 6 and 20 °C. For this study, presumed psychrophiles (growth at 6 °C) were assumed to be native to Antarctic waters, whereas presumed mesophiles (growth at 20 °C but not at 6 °C) were taken to represent introduced organisms. The 20–6 °C CFU/mL ratio was used as a measure of the relative impact to the ecosystem of presumably introduced organisms. This ratio was highest at the site nearest to Palmer Station and decreased with distance from it, suggesting that human presence has impacted the natural microbial flora of the site. The frequency of resistance to 5 common antibiotics was determined in each group of isolates. Overall drug resistance was higher among the presumed mesophiles than the presumed psychrophiles and increased with proximity to Palmer Station, with the presumed mesophiles showing higher frequencies of single and multiple drug resistance than the psychrophile population. The frequency of multidrug resistance followed the same pattern. It appears that multidrug resistance is low among native Antarctic bacteria but is increased by human habitation.

Incidence of Multiple Antibiotic Resistant Organisms Isolated from Retail Milk Products in Hermosillo, Mexico

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 370-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. DIAZ DE AGUAYO ◽  
A. B. LEON DUARTE ◽  
F. MONTES DE OCA CANASTILLO
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Milk Samples

Retail milk samples (231) of pasteurized, whole milk powder (WMP), and ultrapasteurized (UP) were collected in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico, to determine the incidence of multiple antibiotic resistance. Pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella were determined as well as nonpathogens such as Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Serratia, and Hafnia alvei. Drug resistance of each isolated culture was tested using the Kirby-Bauer technique. The following antibiotic discs and concentrations were used: amikacin 30 mcg, ampicillin 10 mcg, carbenicillin 100 mcg, cefamandole 30 mcg, chloramphenicol 30 mcg, erythromycin 15 mcg, gentamicin 10 mcg, kanamycin 30 mcg, nitrofurantoin 300 mcg, penicillin 10 U, polymixin B 300 U, tetracycline 30 mcg, and tobramycin 10 mcg. Sixty-seven percent of the pasteurized milk samples contained fecal coliforms with multiple drug resistance. Four percent contained Salmonella which was 100% resistant to penicillin and showed some resistance to polymixin B and chloramphenicol. S. aureus which was drug resistant was present in 2.9% of the samples. The WMP and UP samples were relatively pathogenic free; however, nonenteric coliforms were detected showing multiple drug resistance. E. coli isolated in 1 UP showed resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamycin, polymixin B, and tetracycline. A high incidence of drug-resistant organisms in milk products represents a public health hazard in that food poisoning outbreaks would be difficult to treat and this pool of multidrug-resistant organisms in the food supply represents a reservoir for transferable resistant genes. An active surveillance and monitoring program should be mandated to minimize this risk for the consumer.

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