「生態溝通」之探索-以印尼的災害應對處置為例

社會分析 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 059-080
Author(s):  
Hermin Indah Wahyun Hermin Indah Wahyun
Keyword(s):  
Social System ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Niklas Luhmann ◽  
Affected Area ◽  
Self Differentiation ◽  
Ecological Communication ◽  
Post Disaster

<p>本文運用生態溝通的觀點(ecological communication perspective)，來描述印尼作為一個經常遭受自然災害的國家，是如何應對和討論災害問題。從這個觀點看，災難的解決被認為與現代社會立基於的社會系統是分不了關係的。通過溝通可以檢測到共同體如何應對他們面臨的各種物理威脅。在印尼，本文描述了關於災害的不斷演變的溝通過程以及對災害應對的演變特徵。我們將發現，溝通上在多大程度上鼓勵決策者來制定戰略政策，及優先考慮備災工作。</p> <p> 為實現這一目標，本文將探討生態溝通的兩個向度：實質性和實行操作性。從實質上講，它將回顧社會學家尼克拉斯&middot;盧曼發展起來的生態溝通的獨特性，強調溝通的社會學面向。而實行操作上，它將運用生態溝通的分析工具，描述在災害中發展出何種類型的溝通類型，這種溝通仍然都是關於災前的威脅、受災區災難時的情況發展資訊和災難後的災區訊息，包括印尼所有有關的災害案件為例子。目前所選定的災前案例：蘇拉威西中部莫羅瓦利的海嘯威脅；持續的災害案例：中爪哇塞馬朗的潮汐洪水和蘇門答臘省佩坎巴魯的霧霾；災後案例：2004年印度洋海嘯。實質性的探索發現，生態溝通提供了一個領悟性的概念(comprehensive concept)鼓勵批判性討論也提供另種理解災難的方案。盧曼的&quot;&quot;自我檢視&quot;&quot;原則描述了一個社會系統的自我參照和自我分化的過程，而這種社會系統獨特地是根據人們的溝通方式而成。在實行層面上，生態溝通應允許同時考慮減災和適應災害。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>This article applies an ecological communication perspective to describe how Indonesia, as a country that often experiences natural disasters, responds and discusses disaster issues. Within this perspective, the solution to disaster is assumed to be integrally related to the social system of modern society based on communication. Through communication, it can be detected how the community responds to the various physical threats they face. In the context of Indonesia, this article describes the evolving communication process regarding disasters and the evolutionary characteristics of disaster response. It will be detected to what extent the communication developed has encouraged policymakers to make strategic policies that prioritize disaster preparedness.</p> <p> To achieve this goal, this article will explore two dimensions of ecological communication: substantive and practical. Substantively, it will review the uniqueness of ecological communication developed by the sociologist Niklas Luhmann, which emphasizes the sociological dimension of communication. Practically, it will apply the analysis tools of ecological communication to describe what type of communication develops in the character of a disaster that is still a threat (pre-disaster), communication developed in a disaster-affected area, and communication in a disaster-affected area post-disaster cases. Indonesia has all the disaster cases in question. Selected pre-disaster cases: tsunami threat in Morowali, Central Sulawesi; ongoing disaster cases: tidal flooding in Semarang, Central Java, and haze in Pekanbaru, Sumatra; post-disaster case: Indian Ocean Tsunami 2004). Substantive exploration finds that ecological communication offers a comprehensive concept that encourages critical discussion and offers alternative understandings of disasters. Luhmann’s principle of &quot;&quot;autopoiesis&quot;&quot; describes the process of self-reference and self-differentiation of a social system that is unique depending on the way people communicate. On a practical level, Ecological communication should allow simultaneous consideration of disaster mitigation and disaster adaptation.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals Return Migration after Natural Disasters

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikiyasu Nakayama ◽  
Nicholas Nicholas Bryner ◽  
Satoru Mimura
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Return Migration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Post Disaster

This special issue features policy priorities, public perceptions, and policy options for addressing post-disaster return migration in the United States, Japan, and a couple of Asian countries. It includes a series of case studies in these countries, which are based on a sustained dialogue among scholars and policymakers about whether and how to incentivize the return of displaced persons, considering social, economic, and environmental concerns. The research team, composed of researchers from Indonesia, Japan, Sri Lanka, and the United States, undertook a collaborative and interdisciplinary research process to improve understanding about how to respond to the needs of those displaced by natural disasters and to develop policy approaches for addressing post-disaster return. The research focused on the following three key issues: objectives of return migration (whether to return, in what configuration, etc.), priorities and perceptions that influence evacuees’ decision-making regarding return, and policies and practices that are used to pursue return objectives. This special issue includes ten articles on the following disaster cases: the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011, Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and Hurricane Sandy in 2012, the Great Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004, and the Great Sumatra Island Earthquake in 2009. Important lessons for the future were secured out of these case studies, covering the entire phase of return, namely planning, implementation, and monitoring.

Representing Disasters and Long-term Recovery – Insights from Tamil Nadu

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandni Singh ◽  
Mark Tebboth ◽  
Jasmitha Arvind ◽  
Yashodara Udupa
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Shape Recovery ◽  
South India ◽  
State Policies ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
Disaster Impacts ◽  
Chennai City ◽  
Post Disaster

This study focuses on disaster impacts and recovery in Tamil Nadu, drawing on insights from Chennai city and Nagapattinam district. The research is part of a larger three-year project called “Recovery with Dignity”, which examines the experiences of recovery in post-disaster situations across three states in India – Odisha, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala – and explores how recovery processes represent vulnerable populations. In this report, we focus on three key disasters in Tamil Nadu: the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, the 2015 South India flood, and the 2018 Cyclone Gaja. Through these events, we examine how the ways disasters and their losses are represented shape recovery outcomes. The study uses a range of data, from a review of state policies in Tamil Nadu (2005-2019), an analysis of media articles published in English and Tamil (2004-2019), to interviews with disaster-affected people and secondary stakeholders. The findings indicate that disaster responses and outcomes are highly differentiated based on how disaster-affected people and their needs and losses are represented. To enable inclusive recovery, it is necessary to recognising the heterogenous nature of disaster impacts and acknowledge different ideas of what recovery means.

scholarly journals The March 2021 Thessaly earthquakes and their impact through the prism of a multi-hazard approach in disaster management

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Spyridon Mavroulis ◽  
Maria Mavrouli ◽  
Panayotis Carydis ◽  
Konstantinos Agorastos ◽  
Efthymis Lekkas
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Important Lesson ◽  
Affected Area ◽  
Emergency Shelters ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Post Disaster

In early March 2021, when Greece was struggling with the evolving third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic with the highest numbers of daily cases and fatalities from its initiation, Thessaly was struck by a seismic sequence, which included the 3 March, Mw = 6.3 mainshock, its strongest Mw = 6.1 aftershock the following day and numerous large aftershocks. The mainshock caused extensive damage to houses and infrastructure, while the aftershock aggravated damage and caused widespread concern among residents. Based on post-event field surveys in the affected area, it is concluded that the old unreinforced houses with load-bearing masonry walls in the northeastern part of the Thessaly basin suffered the most, while the recent constructions remained intact. As a result, hundreds of homeless were in need of immediate temporary sheltering, which immediately mobilized the Civil Protection authorities to manage the emergency situation. This emergency had something unique, which made its management a challenge: the implementation of the earthquake emergency response actions was incompatible with the measures to limit the further spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the community during the evolving third pandemic wave. Many of the actions have been adapted to the unprecedented conditions through a prism of a multi-hazard approach to disaster management and their impact. Among others, more and different types of emergency shelters were used to prevent overcrowding, emergency supplies distribution processes were modified to prevent transmission through hands and surfaces, places for the identification and isolation of suspected COVID-19 cases were designated in emergency shelters and extensive and regular screening testing of the local population was conducted for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus. From the analysis of the daily reported COVID-19 cases in the earthquake-affected area during the pre- and post- disaster periods as well as from results of rapid testing during the post-disaster period, it was found that the viral load of the earthquake-affected villages was not increased, despite the difficult and unprecedented conditions. It can be suggested that the adaptation of the measures to the new conditions has worked beneficially to reduce the spread of the new virus among those affected and the involved staff. For this reason, this approach could be considered as good practice and important lesson learned, which can be applied to similar future compound emergencies in areas with similar geoenvironmental and epidemiological characteristics.

scholarly journals Integration of the Urban Local Bodies for Disaster Mitigation in Aizawl City

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-81
Author(s):  
Malsawmi Pachuau
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
The Public ◽  
High Rise ◽  
The People ◽  
Post Disaster

Local government plays an integral part in the mechanism of Disaster Management in Mizoram. The local bodies are the direct representatives of the local community and the local community places their full trust in them. Post disaster measures such as mock drills, training of search and rescue teams, physical and economic relief and rehabilitation are not something new to us, yet the aspect of disaster mitigation is something which has not bred familiarity among the Mizos. The need for sensitization of the public on the importance of Disaster Mitigation is a necessity. The saying ‘Earthquakes do not kill people; buildings do’ is pertinent in urban areas. Urban areas are congested and more prone to disasters. High rise buildings, squatter settlements due to high densities and low availability of land has endangered not just the lives of the public but has also caused a massive disturbance of the ecological system. The paper covers certain Acts and Regulations of the Aizawl Municipal Corporation dealing with structural mitigation and the detection of illegal construction, unsafe buildings, and encroachments on municipal and public properties. At the local level, the councillors are involved in making, unmaking and carrying out these rules and regulations, with direct bearing on the local people. The paper also gives an account of the need of reimplementation to generate awareness, knowledge and education on Disaster Management to the people of Mizoram.

scholarly journals STATUS HAK ATAS TANAH PASCA BENCANA LIKUIFAKSI DAN RENCANA TATA RUANG WILAYAH DI KOTA PALU

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Nurhilma Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Affected Area ◽  
The People ◽  
Central Sulawesi ◽  
Post Disaster

Adapun hasil penelitian dan pembahasan sebagai berikut: 1). Masyarakat di kawasan yang terdampak likuifaksi (kelurahan petobo, kecamatan palu selatan, kota palu, provinsi sulawesi tengah) sesuai dengan pergub nomor 10 tahun 2019, bahwa masyarakat tidak dapat menuntut lagi tanahnya di kawasan terdampak likuifaksi. Sebab, sangat jelas dalam pergub nomor 10 tahun 2019 bahwa kawasan terdampak likuifaksi di kelurahan petobo termasuk dalam zona merah, yang dalam hal ini dengan dipindahkan masyarakat korban bencana likuifaksi ke lokasi lebih aman (relokasi). Maka dengan adanya relokasi tersebut, masyarakat tidak lagi dapat menuntut hak atas tanahnya di kawasan terdampak likuifaksi,2). Berdasarkan pergub nomor 10 tahun 2019,mengatur mengenai penataan ruang wilayah perlunya perubahan pemanfaatan ruang di beberapa lokasi terdampak bencana masif, maka menjadi penting penyusunan arahan pemanfaatan ruang baru yang dapat diterima oleh masyarakat. Disamping itu, di daerah-daerah yang tidak terdampak bencana, maka arahan pemanfaatan ruang lama akan mengalami perubahan minimal, atau bahkan tidak berubah sama sekali. Kesimpulan yang bisa diambil dari penelitian ini adalah Bahwa masyarakat di kawasan terdampak (Kelurahan Petobo, Kecamatan Palu Selatan, Kota Palu, Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah) sesuai dengan Pergub Nomor 10 Tahun 2019, bahwa masyarkat tidak dapat lagi menuntut tanahnya di kawasan terdampak. Sebab, sangat jelas didalam pergub Nomor 10 Tahun 2019  bahwa kawasan terdampak (Keluarahan Petobo) termasuk dalam Zona Merah, yang dalam hal ini dengan dipindahkannya masyarakat korban bencana dikawasan terdampak ke lokasi yang lebih aman (relokasi). Maka, dengan adanya relokasi tersebut, masyarakat tidak lagi dapat menuntut hak atas tanahnya dikawasan terdampak, dan Pemerintah Daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah telah mengeluarkan Peraturan Gubernur Sulawesi Tengah No. 10 Tahun 2019 Tentang Rencana Rehabilitasi dan Relokasi Pascabencana, yang mengatur pelaksanaan pembangunan rumah untuk relokasi korban likuifaksi yang memiliki hak atas tanah dan bangunan secara sah menurut hukum. Pembangunan tempat tinggal untuk relokasi disini prinsipnya adalah pemerataan dan adil antara luas tanah dan fisik rumah adalah samaKata Kunci: Tanah, Status Hukum, Tata Ruang, dan Bencana Alam. The results suggest the following: 1) the community in the areas affected by liquefaction is according to the governor regulation number 10 of 2019 in which the community can no longer claim their land in areas affected. It is clearly stated within it that Petobo Sub-district belongs to the red zone which means that the people affected were relocated to a safer place and thus are not able to claim the land in the affected area; 2) the governor regulation number 10 of 2019 regulates the regional spatial planning which needs change in terms of utilizing spaces in several areas affected by massive disasters. That is why it is necessary to have arrangements for the utilization of new spaces that are acceptable to the community. On the other hand, the unaffected areas would undergo either minimal or absent change. In conclusion, the people in Petobo, Palu, Central Sulawesi, based on the governor regulation number 10 of 2019, are no longer able to claim their lands as it is considered a Red Zone which only for relocating the victims of a disaster. The provincial government of Central Sulawesi has issued the 2019 Regulation of the Governor of Central Sulawesi number 10 regarding the planning of the post-disaster rehabilitation and relocation that focus on the implementation of houses construction for the victims of liquefaction who have legal rights to lands and buildings according to the law. The principal of this construction is equal and fair between the land area and the physical house.Keywords: land, legal status, spatial planning, and natural disaster.

scholarly journals Soziales System statt Ökosystem: Für eine gesellschaftstheoretische Grundierung des Ecocriticism

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Hofer
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
German Literature ◽  
Ecological Crisis ◽  
Niklas Luhmann ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Adequate Understanding ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Soziales System ◽  
Ecological Communication

Keywords: ökologisch orientierte Literatur- und Kulturwissenschaft, gesellschaftstheoretische Grundierung, ökologische Kommunikation, diskurstheoretischer Ansatz, Niklas Luhmann, prekäre Erkenntnismöglichkeiten. Why has ecocriticism yet to gain recognition in German literature departments? One reason is that fundamental questions about literature as a form of ecological communication and its function in society have yet to be satisfactorily answered. Even significant recent developments in ecocritical theory like Zapf’s “Cultural Ecology” are problematic, inasmuch as they are based on an over-simplified conception of ecology and the harmony of ecosystems. A more robust theoretical grounding for ecocriticism can be found in social theory. Niklas Luhmann’s systems theory provides the theoretical framework for an adequate understanding of ecological crisis and of the role of literature and literary criticism in addressing it. Palabras clave: literatura ecológica y ciencias culturales, fundamentos de la teoría social, comunicación ecológica, principios de la teoría discursiva, Niklas Luhmann, precario descubrimiento de posibilidades ¿Por qué la ecocrítica todavía tiene que obtener reconocimiento en los departamentos de literatura Germánica? Una razón es que las preguntas fundamentales sobre la literatura como forma de comunicación ecológica y su función en la sociedad aún no han obtenido una respuesta satisfactoria. Incluso los desarrollos recientes en teoría ecocrítica como la “Ecología Cultural” de Zapf son problemáticos  en tanto que se basan en un concepto de ecología y en una armonía de los ecosistemas excesivamente simplificado. Puede encontrarse una base teórica más consistente para la ecocrítica en la teoría social. La teoría de sistemas de Niklas Luhmann proporciona el marco teórico para una interpretación adecuada de la crisis ecológica y del papel de la literatura y de la crítica literaria en su tratamiento de ésta

scholarly journals Globalization as a socio-environmental equilibrium: applying Luhmann`s theory to Integrated Reporting

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 01028
Author(s):  
Evgnii Razumov
Keyword(s):  
Social Systems ◽  
World System ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
International Accounting Standards ◽  
Niklas Luhmann ◽  
Integrated Reporting ◽  
Cultural Codes ◽  
The Social

International accounting standards systems are able to define borders by producing reference codes for institutional, informational and cultural codes. Such ways of influence are similar to globalization in other societal spaces: for example internalization of trade systems has been produced by creating institutes and organizations as well as miscellaneous standards. These tendencies have been highlighted by Niklas Luhmann through differentiation of borders determinants of a system. And this operational determination of globalization as continual creation of the world system is to be highly appreciated for comprehensive analysis of the last developments in accounting and reporting field influenced by environmental issues. In this paper three-tier classification of globalization in terms of system definition proposed as development of Niklas Luhmann ideas. Through analysis of the mean shifts in reporting as social memory phenomenon and communication process accounting problems reformulated as world system`s issues and demonstrated existence of globalization as operational phenomenon for accountancy and social responsibility systems. Concepts of the social systems theory have been visualized and interpreted to determine possible ways of equilibrium states for human systems and environment. As a result main ways for integrated reporting application and its future development formulated.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document