scholarly journals Ikke-audiologiske helseeffekter av støy

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunn Marit Aasvang ◽  
Norun Hjertager Krog
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Environmental Noise ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Sound

<span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;"><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;"><p align="left">Denne artikkelen oppsummerer eksisterende kunnskap om helsevirkninger av miljøstøy. Nedsatt hørsel som følge av eksponering for høye lydnivåer blant annet i yrkessammenheng er godt dokumentert, og vil ikke omtales i særlig grad. Denne artikkelen vil først og fremst fokusere på ikke-hørselsrelaterte virkninger av den støy som vi har i omgivelsene, hvor de vanligste støykildene er fra samferdsel og industri. Selv om støyens virkninger på spesielt sårbare grupper, som for eksempel barn, er et viktig tema, vil helsevirkningene som omtales her først og fremst være gjeldende for en generell voksen befolkning. Negative helseeffekter av støy er knyttet til støy som en fysiologisk aktiverende stressfaktor som påvirker adferd, trivsel, kommunikasjon, hvile og søvn. Nyere studier antyder også en sammenheng mellom støy og økt risiko for hjerte-karsykdom.</p><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;"><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;"><p align="left">This paper summarises existing knowledge about health effects of environmental noise. Reduced hearing due to exposure to high sound pressure levels, for instance in the work-place, is well documented, and is not a topic of this presentation. The paper focuses on non-audiological effects of environmental noise. Although effects of noise on especially vulnerable groups such as children are important issues, this article focuses on the effects that can be demonstrated in the general population. The most common sources of environmental noise are transport and industry. Adverse health effects are related to noise as a physiologically activating stress factor that influences behaviour, well-being, rest and sleep. Some recent studies do also indicate that there may be a relationship between noise and increased risk of cardiovascular disease.</p></span></span></span></span>

scholarly journals Industrial Fungal Enzymes: An Occupational Allergen Perspective

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett J. Green ◽  
Donald H. Beezhold
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Fungal Enzymes ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Engineering Controls ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Ige Mediated

Occupational exposure to high-molecular-weight allergens is a risk factor for the development and pathogenesis of IgE-mediated respiratory disease. In some occupational environments, workers are at an increased risk of exposure to fungal enzymes used in industrial production. Fungal enzymes have been associated with adverse health effects in the work place, in particular in baking occupations. Exposure-response relationships have been demonstrated, and atopic workers directly handling fungal enzymes are at an increased risk for IgE-mediated disease and occupational asthma. The utilization of new and emerging fungal enzymes in industrial production will present new occupational exposures. The production of antibody-based immunoassays is necessary for the assessment of occupational exposure and the development of threshold limit values. Allergen avoidance strategies including personal protective equipment, engineering controls, protein encapsulation, and reduction of airborne enzyme concentrations are required to mitigate occupational exposure to fungal enzymes.

scholarly journals COMPOUND DRY-HOT EXTREME EVENTS IMPROVING INDIVIDUAL AND COMMUNITY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Raquel Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Action Plans ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
The Future ◽  
Community Preparedness ◽  
Health And Well Being

The frequency of simultaneous or consecutive heatwaves, droughts and wildfires is increasing. Compound dry-hot extreme events, defined as a mix of concurrent or sequential occurrence of heatwaves, droughts and fires, contribute to risks and impacts to both society and the environment. Compound dry-hot extreme events already pose serious impacts on human health and well-being, and these impacts are expected to increase in the future. The purpose of this report is to discuss the need for improved individual and community preparedness and response to compound dry-hot extreme events, and to highlight the benefits such improvements would bring. In particular, the development and implementation of compound dry-hot extreme events action plans is essential for reducing the adverse health effects of current and future compound dry-hot extreme events.

scholarly journals Occupational Stress and Mental Health Among Healthcare Workers Serving Socially Vulnerable Populations During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Nelly Salgado de Snyder ◽  
Alice P. Villatoro ◽  
Marisol D. McDaniel ◽  
Ana Sofia Ocegueda ◽  
Deliana Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Community Safety ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Work Place

The purpose of this study was to analyze occupational and personal stressors, mental health indicators, perceived discrimination and help-seeking behaviors among healthcare workers and providers (HCWPs) serving socially vulnerable groups such as immigrants, refugees, farmworkers, homeless individuals, people living in poverty, and other disadvantaged populations in the United States (U.S.) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a cross-sectional descriptive approach, we gathered information between July and September 2020, from a sample of 407 affiliates of two national organizations of clinic-based HCWPs who worked at federally funded and community safety-net clinics. Informed consent was obtained from all participants who completed a self-administered online survey available in English and Spanish. Our results indicated that the HCWPs serving vulnerable groups in the midst of the pandemic experienced high levels of occupational and personal stressors as well as anxiety and depressive symptomology. Major occupational stressors were excessive workload, long working-hours, and institutional barriers to refer and follow-up on their clients' access to needed social services. High-rated personal stressors included sleep disorders, lack of and child-care, partner's loosing job, and other family related situations. Our findings suggest that HCWPs working with vulnerable populations need specialized interventions that bolster their mental health and well-being as the pandemic continues to unfold. We recommend implementing initiatives that encourage HCWPs' to be actively involved in clinic decisions regarding employee safety and protection as well as in management decisions to improve work place infrastructure and capacity to respond to the social needs of their clients. Lessons learned from the pandemic are useful tools in designing protocols for addressing the mental-health needs of HCWPs in health-care organizations that attend to socially underprivileged populations.

scholarly journals Loneliness and Health

Psychology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aparna Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Risky Health Behaviors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Teenagers And Young Adults ◽  
Health Studies ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Perceived Social Isolation

In January 2018, the UK became the first country in the world to appoint a Minister for Loneliness. This highlights growing concerns about loneliness in societies, and its deleterious effects on individual health and well-being. Loneliness or perceived social isolation is a subjective experience relating to dissatisfaction with one’s social relationships. Most research has focused on the experience of loneliness in old age, but levels of loneliness are also known to be high among teenagers and young adults. While poor health may be associated with increased feelings of loneliness, there is now considerable evidence on the role of loneliness as a risk factor for poor mental and physical health. Studies suggest that loneliness is associated with an increased risk of developing dementia and chronic diseases, and also with a higher rate of Mortality. Risky Health Behaviors, a poor cardiovascular profile, and compromised immune functioning have all been proposed as potential pathways through which loneliness may affect health. However, much still remains to be understood about these Mechanisms. This bibliography starts with a section on chapters and reviews that provide a theoretical basis for understanding the associations between social relationships and health, as well as some reviews of the Health Effects of loneliness. This is followed by sections that focus on specific outcomes, health effects (mortality, general health and physical function, cognitive function and Mental Health), and Healthcare Utilization. The subsequent section examines research into the pathways through which loneliness affects health. The final section examines interventions to reduce loneliness and the associated effects on health outcomes.

scholarly journals Human Health Effects of Dietary Aluminum

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Karine Landry
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drug ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Daily Ingestion ◽  
Human Health Effects ◽  
Review Current ◽  
Convincing Data ◽  
Aluminum Consumption

<p>Aluminum is abundant in the environment and can also be found in most foods. To date, no convincing data has been found regarding the possible risk of ingesting aluminum through food, water and pharmaceuticals. This paper sought to review current literature to find evidence of the health effects of aluminum absorption in the diet in humans.</p><p>The review found that the evidence is contradictory and as such, there is no established causation between dietary aluminum and adverse health effects. Many studies suggest a relationship between aluminum consumption and Alzheimer’s disease, but here again, the results are inconsistent. More research is needed to establish the risk of daily ingestion of aluminum through the diet, drinking water and the use of pharmaceuticals. Further research should be conducted on subpopulation groups, such as children, chronic pharmaceutical drug users and other vulnerable groups.</p>

Environmental Determinants of Urban Mental Health: a Literature Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
IM Sineva ◽  
AA Khafizova ◽  
IA Permyakov
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Increased Risk

Introduction: More than half of the global population currently lives in cities; by 2050, this rate is expected to increase to 68 %. The worldwide process of rapid urbanization is associated with significant environmental, economic and social changes, particularly in public health. Results: This review is based on articles published over the last two decades and provides an overview of urban environment-related risk factors for mental health and well-being of citizens. The studies reviewed give evidence of adverse health effects of environmental exposures to air, light, and noise pollution in the cities. The main consequences of their impact on mental health include psychological distress, sleep disturbance, anxiety, depression, an increased risk of manifestation and higher severity of mental disorders, all mediated by endocrine and neurophysiological disorders and oxidative stress. Conclusion: The analysis and assessment of the differential significance of various environmental conditions of the urban environment require consideration of other factors, including social, household, genetic, individual psychological and physiological characteristics. Our findings indicate the importance of further research on the influence of urban environment on mental health, the results of which can be implemented in various hygiene practices and urban planning programs.

scholarly journals A review of health effects associated with exposure to jet engine emissions in and around airports

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja M. Bendtsen ◽  
Elizabeth Bengtsen ◽  
Anne T. Saber ◽  
Ulla Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Diesel Exhaust ◽  
Diesel Exhaust Particles ◽  
Support Functions ◽  
Engine Emissions ◽  
Jet Engine ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Exhaust Particles

Abstract Background Airport personnel are at risk of occupational exposure to jet engine emissions, which similarly to diesel exhaust emissions include volatile organic compounds and particulate matter consisting of an inorganic carbon core with associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and metals. Diesel exhaust is classified as carcinogenic and the particulate fraction has in itself been linked to several adverse health effects including cancer. Method In this review, we summarize the available scientific literature covering human health effects of exposure to airport emissions, both in occupational settings and for residents living close to airports. We also report the findings from the limited scientific mechanistic studies of jet engine emissions in animal and cell models. Results Jet engine emissions contain large amounts of nano-sized particles, which are particularly prone to reach the lower airways upon inhalation. Size of particles and emission levels depend on type of aircraft, engine conditions, and fuel type, as well as on operation modes. Exposure to jet engine emissions is reported to be associated with biomarkers of exposure as well as biomarkers of effect among airport personnel, especially in ground-support functions. Proximity to running jet engines or to the airport as such for residential areas is associated with increased exposure and with increased risk of disease, increased hospital admissions and self-reported lung symptoms. Conclusion We conclude that though the literature is scarce and with low consistency in methods and measured biomarkers, there is evidence that jet engine emissions have physicochemical properties similar to diesel exhaust particles, and that exposure to jet engine emissions is associated with similar adverse health effects as exposure to diesel exhaust particles and other traffic emissions.

scholarly journals A Review of Chlorine in Indoor Swimming Pools and its Increased Risk of Adverse Health Effects

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Angione ◽  
Heather McClenaghan ◽  
Ashley LaPlante
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Elite Swimmers ◽  
Global Statistics ◽  
Year 2000

Background: Chlorine is a commonly used agent for water disinfectant in swimming pools. Inadequate ventilation in indoor swimming pools and chlorination disinfectant by-products (DBP’s) caused by organic matter promote the increased risk of adverse health effects. Water quality and proper ventilation must be monitored to avoid health risks in youth and adolescents. Methods: Studies were researched on children and adolescents from 2-18 years old who swim indoors. Articles were limited by only including journals from the year 2000 through 2010 and contain global statistics. Peer reviewed scientific articles were reviewed and a meta-analysis of three different scientific research databases, PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar, was conducted. Results and Conclusions: Children under five years of age, lifeguards and elite swimmers are at an increased risk of upper and lower respiratory symptoms, such as asthma, when exposed to chlorinated swimming frequently. Recreational swimmers who swim moderately are at a lower risk for developing occupational asthma. Implications: Reducing exposure to chlorine from indoor swimming pools may limit the risk of developing upper and lower respiratory infections. 

A Proposed Universal Medical and Public Health Definition of Terrorism

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey L. Arnold ◽  
Per Örtenwall ◽  
Marvin L. Birnbaum ◽  
Knut Ole Sundnes ◽  
Anil Aggrawal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Political ◽  
Research Education ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractThe lack of a universally applicable definition of terrorism has confounded the understanding of terrorism since the term was first coined in 18th Century France. Although a myriad of definitions of terrorism have been advanced over the years, virtually all of these definitions have been crisis-centered, frequently reflecting the political perspectives of those who seek to define it.In this article, we deconstruct these previously used definitions of terrorism in order to reconstruct a definition of terrorism that is consequence-centered, medically relevant, and universally harmonized. A universal medical and public health definition of terrorism will facilitate clinical and scientific research, education, and communication about terrorism-related events or disasters.We propose the following universal medical and public definition of terrorism: The intentional use of violence — real or threatened — against one or more non-combatants and/or those services essential for or protective of their health, resulting in adverse health effects in those immediately affected and their community, ranging from a loss of well-being or security to injury, illness, or death.

scholarly journals Personal Cold Protection Behaviour and Its Associated Factors in 2016/17 Cold Days in Hong Kong: A Two-Year Cohort Telephone Survey Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1672
Author(s):  
Holly Ching Yu Lam ◽  
Zhe Huang ◽  
Sida Liu ◽  
Chunlan Guo ◽  
William Bernard Goggins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Telephone Survey ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Cold Wave ◽  
Cold Waves ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health

Background: Despite larger health burdens attributed to cold than heat, few studies have examined personal cold protection behaviours (PCPB). This study examined PCPB during cold waves and identified the associated factors in a subtropical city for those without central heating system. Methods: A cohort telephone survey was conducted in Hong Kong during a colder cold wave (2016) and a warmer cold wave (2017) among adults (≥15). Socio-demographic information, risk perception, self-reported adverse health effects and patterns of PCPB during cold waves were collected. Associated factors of PCPB in 2017 were identified using multiple logistic regression. Results: The cohort included 429 subjects. PCPB uptake rates were higher during the colder cold wave (p < 0.0005) except for ensuring indoor ventilation. Of the vulnerable groups, 63.7% had low self-perceived health risks. High risk perception, experience of adverse health effects during the 2016 cold wave, females and older groups were positive associated factors of PCPB in 2017 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: PCPB changed with self-risk perception. However vulnerable groups commonly underestimated their own risk. Indoor ventilation may be a concern during cold days in settings that are less prepared for cold weather. Targeted awareness-raising promotion for vulnerable groups and practical strategies for ensuring indoor ventilation are needed.

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