Nutritional Myths

2005 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Wortinger
Keyword(s):  
Popular Press ◽  
Pet Food ◽  
Food Preservatives ◽  
The Third ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Nutritional Facts ◽  
By Products

Owners are sometimes confused or misinformed about nutritional facts pertaining to pet foods, and three common nutritional myths have been propagated in the popular press. The first myth is that meat by-products are of inferior quality compared to whole meat. The second myth is that feeding trials are unnecessary, and the third myth is that pet food preservatives are bad. This paper examines the known facts related to these three myths and discusses the importance of food trials and the different classes and forms of antioxidants used in pet foods.

Fattening studies with cross-bred (European×Zebu) bulls: 1. Performance on diets of native hay and concentrate

1978 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. O'Donovan ◽  
A. Gebrewolde ◽  
B. Kebede ◽  
E. S. E. Galal
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
The Third ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Group Feeding ◽  
Feeding Trials

SummaryTwo group-feeding and one individual-feeding experiments were made for 112 and 182 days, respectively, with 76 cross-bred and eight Zebu bulls. Simmental, Friesian and Jersey sire breeds were mated to three Ethiopian Zebu breeds, namely Boran, Horro and Barca, while Zebu bulls were included for comparison purposes in Expt 3. The trials were conducted in confinement at Holetta Research Station, located at 2400 m elevation and having a mean maximum temperature range of 18·7–24 °C. In the group-feeding trials (Expts 1 and 2) a common diet was fed, consisting of native hay (30%) molasses (20%) and a concentrate supplement. In the third experiment, two diets containing 30 and 50% native hay were supplemented by concentrate and fed individually to eight Simmental and eight Friesian cross bulls, while eight Zebus served as a control.The average daily gains, feed intake and conversion did not differ markedly between Simmental and Friesian crosses, but lower values were generally found for Jersey crosses. Cross-breds outgained Zebus, consumed more feed and converted it more efficiently to live-weight gain. Performance differences were noted between the Zebu breeds as well as some evidence of sire × dam breed interactions. Significantly higher gains were achieved with the low than with the high roughage diet.

Charting the Currents of the Third Wave

Hypatia ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Orr
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Third Wave Feminism ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Popular Press ◽  
The Third ◽  
Punk Music ◽  
Second Wave

The term “third wave” within contemporary feminism presents some initial difficulties in scholarly investigation. Located in popular-press anthologies, tines, punk music, and cyberspace, many third wave discourses constitute themselves as a break with both second wave and academic feminisms; a break problematic for both generations of feminists. The emergence of third wave feminism offers academic feminists an opportunity to rethink the context of knowledge production and the mediums through which we disseminate our work.

Nutritional Value of Extruded Dog Food with Mechanically Separated Chicken Meat or Meat By-products.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgia Meineri ◽  
Pier Giorgio Peiretti ◽  
Sonia Tassone ◽  
Alessia Candellone ◽  
Erica Longato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Pet Food ◽  
Dog Food ◽  
Food Digestibility ◽  
Valid Instrument ◽  
By Products

The objectives of this study were: (a) to evaluate the effect of inclusion of mechanically separated chicken meat (MSCM) in dry dog food on fatty acid profile, in vivo and in vitro digestibility, and palatability as compared with dry dog food containing meat by-products (MBP); (b) to determine, whether or not, the inclusion of the one or the other ingredient changes the microbiology and the storage quality of the two food products; (c) to propose a new system (DaisyII Incubator) to measure the in vitro digestibility of the two products. Their similar chemical composition notwithstanding, the MSCM product had lower palatability but better nutritional quality (with higher polyunsaturated fatty acid [PUFA] content and lower saturated fatty acid [SFA] content) than the MBP product. Microbiological risk assessment showed no microbiological hazards for either product. After 6 months storage, polyamine values were found to be higher in the MSCM than in the MBP. Finally, the DaisyII Incubator proved a valid instrument for the study of in vitro digestibility also for dogs; since it provided data simply, quickly with less variability and cost than obtained with in vivo trials, it could represent the future for pet food digestibility studies. Our results indicate that inclusion of MSCM or MBP as the main protein ingredient in extruded pet food may be used advantageously in product formulations.

scholarly journals The Digestibility of Nutrients from Pet Feed

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florina BUNGHEZ ◽  
Carmen SOCACIU ◽  
Giorgiana Mihaela CATUNESCU
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Food Label ◽  
Pet Food ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Nutrient Profile ◽  
Animal Feeds ◽  
Feed Control ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Nutrient Profiles

Many states follow the pet feed regulations of the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO). AAFCO includes officials from all states and federal government who are responsible for enforcing the laws regulating the production, labeling, distributions, and/or sale of animal feeds. Pet food manufacturers are required to include the method of substantatiation that was used for the complete and balanced claim on the pet food label. If the statement that AAFCO feeding trial were conducted is included, this means that the food was adequately tested using AAFCO feeding trials with dogs and cats. If the statement claims that the food meets the AAFCO Nutrient profiles, this signifies that the food was formulated to meet the nutrient profile for the intended stage of life (adult maintenance or growth/reproduction. The aim of this paper is to highlight the true degree of digestibility of pet feed. 

Ammonia Treatment to Destroy Aflatoxins in Corn

1982 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 972-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM P. NORRED
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Ammonia Treatment ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
By Products

Aflatoxin contamination of corn can result in financial disaster to farmers, and is a serious health hazard to both livestock and human populations. Atmospheric ammoniation of contaminated corn appears to be an economically feasible detoxification procedure. Feeding trials conducted in livestock, and relay toxicity studies in which meat or egg tissue from the corn-fed livestock was fed to rats, have not revealed any adverse effects produced by ammoniation of contaminated corn. However, complete histopathologic examinations have not been completed. Other studies, including feeding corn to rats for 21 months, dosing rats with single doses of corn containing large quantities of ammoniated aflatoxin by-products, and using radiolabelled aflatoxin to determine tissue distribution and excretion of ammoniated aflatoxin, have indicated that ammoniation is an effective method for salvaging aflatoxin-contaminated corn.

scholarly journals Use of the precision-fed cecectomized rooster assay to determine standardized amino acid digestibility, true metabolizable energy content, and digestible indispensable amino acid scores of plant-based protein by-products used in canine and feline diets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren M Reilly ◽  
Patrick C von Schaumburg ◽  
Jolene M Hoke ◽  
Gary M Davenport ◽  
Pamela L Utterback ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Pet Food ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acid ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acids ◽  
Limiting Amino Acid ◽  
By Products

Abstract Traditionally, protein by-products from oil seeds and cereal grains have been used in pet foods as sustainable, inexpensive, and protein-rich ingredients. However, the on-going demonization of soy- and corn-based ingredients continue to hinder their use in pet food and treat formulations. Ideally, the further demonstration of their protein quality and nutrient composition may encourage their favorable return as acceptable ingredients in pet foods and treats. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the macronutrient composition, indispensable amino acid profile, standardized amino acid digestibility, true metabolizable energy content corrected for nitrogen (TMEn), and digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS-like) of soy flakes (SF), peanut flour (PF), soybean meal (SBM), and corn gluten meal (CGM). Standardized amino acid digestibility was assessed using the precision-fed cecectomized rooster assay. All test ingredients demonstrated a profile of highly digestible indispensable amino acids except for lysine in PF, which was lowest (P < 0.05) at 45.5%. The SBM and CGM had the highest (P > 0.05) digestibilities of indispensable amino acids. A DIAAS-like values was calculated for each ingredient using either AAFCO (2020) recommended values or NRC (2006) recommended allowances as the reference protein pattern. For adult dogs compared to AAFCO recommended values, the first-limiting amino acid was lysine for PF and CGM but it was methionine for SF and SBM. For adult cats compared to AAFCO recommended values, the first-limiting amino acid was lysine for PF and CGM but it was threonine for SF. There was no first-limiting amino acid in SBM for cats as DIAAS-like values were over 100% for all indispensable amino acids. The TMEn values were highest (P < 0.05) for PF and CGM (4.58 and 4.31 kcal/g [dry matter basis], respectively). The protein quality of these plant-based protein by-products reflect their value as nutritional ingredients for canine and feline diets. However, the prior processing of these by-products must be considered before exposing them to additional processing methods, such as extrusion. Additionally, the inclusion of complementary proteins or supplemental amino acids will be needed to meet all indispensable amino acid requirements for a nutritionally complete and balanced pet food.

scholarly journals Use Them for What They Are Good at: Mealworms in Circular Food Systems

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Hartmut Derler ◽  
Andrea Lienhard ◽  
Simon Berner ◽  
Monika Grasser ◽  
Alfred Posch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Insect Rearing ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
Safe Zones ◽  
By Products

Future food systems must provide more food produced on less land with fewer greenhouse gas emissions if the goal is to keep planetary boundaries within safe zones. The valorisation of agricultural and industrial by-products by insects is an increasingly investigated strategy, because it can help to address resource scarcities and related environmental issues. Thus, insects for food and feed have gained increasing attention as a sustainable protein production strategy in circular food systems lately. In this article, we provide an overview on by-products, which have already been fed to T. molitor (mealworms), a common edible insect species. In addition, we investigate other by-products in Austria, which can be suitable substrates for T. molitor farming. We also provide an overview and discuss different perspectives on T. molitor and link it with the circular economy concept. We identify several future research fields, such as more comprehensive feeding trials with other by-products, feeding trials with mealworms over several generations, and the development of a standardized framework for insect rearing trials. In addition, we argue that due to their ability to convert organic by-products from agricultural and industrial processes into biomass in an efficient way, T. molitor can contribute towards resource-efficient and circular food and feed production. However, several hurdles, such as legal frameworks, need to be adapted, and further research is needed to fully reap the benefits of mealworm farming.

Creating the Cosmos, Reifying Power: A Zooarchaeological Investigation of Corporal Animal Forms in the Copan Valley

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-426
Author(s):  
Nawa Sugiyama ◽  
William L. Fash ◽  
Christine A.M. France
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Classic Period ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
Animal Body ◽  
Creation Myths ◽  
The Third ◽  
Copan Valley ◽  
Power Negotiations ◽  
By Products

Throughout Mesoamerica, corporal animal forms (a term encompassing living animals, animal-derived by-products and artifacts made from animal bodies) have long played essential roles in state-level ritualized activities. This paper focuses on three zooarchaeological assemblages from the Classic Period Maya kingdom of Copan, Honduras (ad 426–822), to describe how corporal animal forms were implemented to mediate power, express social identities and encapsulate contemporary socio-political circumstances. Two of these fundamental assemblages relate to world-creation myths associated with the Starry Deer-Crocodile, a mythological entity prominent in both contexts which was materialized into the ritual arena through a formalized process of commingling and translating animal body elements. The third context was deposited some three centuries later during the reign of Yax Pasaj, the last ruler of the Copan dynasty. This assemblage, extravagant with powerful felids conjuring the authority of the royal dynasty, reflects a period of acute socio-political struggle faced by the Copan dynasty. Detailed zooarchaeological analysis of corporal animal forms at Copan facilitates a more comprehensive reconstruction of some of the socio-political power negotiations in play.

The Three E’s of Private Tuition in India: Expansion, Expenditure, and Effect

2021 ◽  
pp. 002205742110323
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Kumar Jha
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Common Phenomenon ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
The Third ◽  
Null Effect ◽  
Private Tuition ◽  
Mainstream Education ◽  
Additional Support ◽  
By Products

Private tuition (PT) is a common phenomenon in India. Today, it is a multi-billion U.S. dollar (USD) market and the third major contributor of household expenses in India. However, “the effect of PT on academic achievement of the students” is a subjective statement and is being questioned by its very outcomes. Literature reveals that PT has neither a “positive” nor a “null” effect on an individual’s learning. However, assertively, we can conclude that PT comes with a baggage of “toxic by-products” for mainstream education. It necessitates implementing a regulatory mechanism for PT. Nevertheless, institutions need to extend additional support.

scholarly journals “Away with Motivic Working?” Not So Fast

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack F. Boss
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
German Language ◽  
Voice Leading ◽  
The Third ◽  
Language Studies ◽  
By Products

Schoenberg’s third Piano Piece op. 11 has given rise to an international controversy regarding whether its melodic materials, harmonies and rhythms are carefully worked out according to larger patterns or are by-products of expression and improvisation. Articles and books in English use Schoenberg’s writings, particularly one of his 1909 letters to Busoni, to support the claim that op. 11, no. 3 was among the first of his pieces to exemplify an “intuitive aesthetic,” and is relatively free from overarching formal, harmonic, rhythmic or motivic patterns. Meanwhile, German-language studies focus on detailed analysis of the piece, describing networks of motivic and harmonic relationships. My article maintains the latter point of view; but it also goes beyond existing analyses to describe a large motivic process that gives op. 11, no. 3 coherence as a whole. It takes two motivic progressions that characterize op. 11, no. 1, “expanding” and “explanatory” processes, and sets them against one another in a conflict, but with no resolution—the first process simply takes over at the end. In addition, the “expanding” process can be heard as becoming more abstract as the first piece progresses, and as moving back from abstract to concrete through the third piece. This motion from concrete to abstract and back is illustrated in another way by considering the piece’s motivic progressions from the viewpoint of “minimal offset voice-leading” as described by Straus 1997 and Straus 2005.

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