Canine Schistosomiasis in Kansas: Five Cases (2000–2009)

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. e95-e102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew S. Hanzlicek ◽  
Kenneth R. Harkin ◽  
Michael W. Dryden ◽  
Ruthanne Chun ◽  
Patricia A. Payne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Diagnostic Investigation ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Polymerase Chain

This is a retrospective case series consisting of five dogs diagnosed with schistosomiasis. The purpose of this article is to report the presence of naturally occurring canine schistosomiasis in Kansas and to provide clinical details regarding schistosomiasis. Medical records of dogs diagnosed with schistosomiasis from 2000 to 2009 were reviewed, and information extracted included signalment, history, clinical signs, diagnostic test results, treatment, and outcome. Affected dogs were primarily medium to large breed and young to middle aged. All dogs were considered outdoor dogs, with three having known access to surface water. Common clinical signs included gastrointestinal disease and signs associated with hypercalcemia. Fecal flotation was negative in all dogs in contrast to fecal saline sedimentation and fecal polymerase chain reaction, which were both positive in all dogs in which it was performed. All dogs treated specifically for schistosomiasis fully recovered. This article describes the first reported cases of canine schistosomiasis in the Midwest and the first reported case of intestinal intussusception secondary to schistosomiasis. Recognizing that canine schistosomiasis is present in Kansas and possibly other Midwestern states should prompt veterinarians to perform appropriate diagnostic investigation in suspect animals as the diagnosis is straight forward and relatively inexpensive.

scholarly journals Comparison of Three Rapid Commercial Canine Parvovirus Antigen Detection Tests with Electron Microscopy and Polymerase Chain Reaction

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Schmitz ◽  
Christina Coenen ◽  
König Matthias ◽  
Thiel Heinz-Jürgen ◽  
Reto Neiger
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Chronic Diarrhea ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Canine Parvovirus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Group A ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Group B

Different antibody-based tests for rapid detection of Canine parvovirus antigens in feces are commercially available, allowing quick diagnosis in a clinical setting. However, the diagnostic accuracy of these tests compared with standard methods has not been evaluated so far. In the current study, 3 commercial tests were compared with immune-electron microscopy (IEM) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Dogs were divided into 3 groups: group A, samples from dogs with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea ( n = 50); group B, dogs with chronic diarrhea ( n = 10); and group C, dogs with no evidence of gastrointestinal disease ( n = 40). Specificity of all 3 commercial tests versus PCR and IEM was good to excellent (92.2–100%). Sensitivity, in contrast, was poor: 15.8–26.3% versus PCR and 50–60% versus IEM. In group A, 10 dogs were positive by IEM and 24 dogs were positive by PCR. Positive PCR results were also obtained from animals in control groups (group B, 1 dog; group C, 5 dogs). No dog in group B or C was positive by IEM. In conclusion, the rapid tests are useful to diagnose canine parvoviral enteritis, but they do not rule out parvovirus infection in an animal with typical clinical signs. In addition, a small percentage of healthy dogs and dogs with chronic diarrhea showed positive PCR results; this may be due to asymptomatic/persistent infection or intestinal passage of virus. The significance of this finding remains unclear.

scholarly journals Naturally Occurring Egg Drop Syndrome Infection in Turkeys

2007 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Biđin ◽  
I. Lojkić ◽  
M. Mikec ◽  
B. Pokrić
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Quality Production

A decrease in the egg quality, production, fertility and hatchability without serious clinical signs of illness was recorded in turkey fl ocks in Croatia at the beginning of 2002. It was assumed that the egg drop syndrome virus might be one of the etiological agents responsible for the abnormalities in the egg production. The systematic serological monitoring, using a haemagglutination inhibition test, showed that the antibodies to the egg drop syndrome virus existed in 94.4 and 55.1% of the sera analysed in 2002 and 2003, respectively. The haemagglutination inhibition titres ranged from 16 to 128. The sera samples were randomly collected from 11 - to 46-week-old hens from the affected fl ocks. The serological evidence of the egg drop syndrome virus infection was confirmed by detection of the presence of the virus genome in the turkey sera by the polymerase chain reaction. Vaccination of the 18- and 25-week-old turkey hens against the egg drop syndrome virus started in March 2003. After this period, the presence of antibodies to the egg drop syndrome virus (the haemagglutination inhibition titres between 16 and 256) was found in 96.7% of the analysed sera, while the egg production reached normal or higher values for the Nicholas hybrid line of turkeys.

Feline urinary incontinence: a retrospective case series (2009–2019)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2110331
Author(s):  
Isabelle Mérindol ◽  
Marilyn Dunn ◽  
Catherine Vachon
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Interventional Procedures ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Urethral Obstruction ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Long Term Treatment

Objectives The objective of this retrospective study was to describe the feline population presented for urinary incontinence at a veterinary teaching hospital between 2009 and 2019, with a particular focus on cats with a non-neurologic underlying cause. Methods The medical records of cats diagnosed with urinary incontinence were retrospectively evaluated. Signalment, clinical presentation, results of diagnostic tests, diagnosis of the underlying cause and treatments were recorded. When information was available, outcome was recorded and follow-ups divided into three time frames (0–1 week, 1 week to 3 months and >3 months). Results Thirty-five cats were presented with urinary incontinence. Of these, 18 cats with complete medical records presented urinary incontinence of non-neurologic origin. The most common clinical signs at presentation were urine leakage while resting (12/18), urine-soiled perineum (8/18), urine dribbling (8/18) and no spontaneous micturition (5/18). The most common underlying cause was urethral obstruction (67%; 12/18), with a majority due to urethral strictures (58%; 7/12). Other causes were suspected inflammation (2/12), neoplasia (1/12), urolithiasis (1/12) and foreign body (1/12). In 8/10 cats in which it was performed, cystoscopy and contrast cystourethrography were the methods that led to the diagnosis. Twelve cats with urethral obstruction underwent interventional procedures, resulting in complete resolution of incontinence in 7/12 and improvement in 1/12. Urinary tract infection was a common complication after 3 months (4/18). Conclusions and relevance When incontinence of non-neurologic origin is suspected in a cat, urethral obstruction should be considered. Advanced imaging studies (cystoscopy and contrast studies) are useful for diagnosis. A good prognosis was reported in cats undergoing interventional procedures with no long-term treatment.

scholarly journals Prognostic factors in spanish COVID-19 patients: A case series from barcelona

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoni Sisó-Almirall ◽  
Belchin Kostov ◽  
Minerva Mas-Heredia ◽  
Sergi Vilanova-Rotllan ◽  
Ethel Sequeira-Aymar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Low Platelet Count ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Elevated Lactate

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn addition to the lack of COVID-19 diagnostic tests for the whole Spanish population, the current strategy is to identify the disease early to limit contagion in the community.AimTo determine clinical factors of a poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19 infection.Design and SettingDescriptive, observational, retrospective study in three primary healthcare centres with an assigned population of 100,000.MethodExamination of the medical records of patients with COVID-19 infections confirmed by polymerase chain reaction.ResultsWe included 322 patients (mean age 56.7 years, 50% female, 115 (35.7%) aged ≥ 65 years). The best predictors of ICU admission or death were greater age, male sex (OR=2.99; 95%CI=1.55 to 6.01), fever (OR=2.18; 95%CI=1.06 to 4.80), dyspnoea(OR=2.22; 95%CI=1.14 to 4.24), low oxygen saturation (OR=2.94; 95%CI=1.34 to 6.42), auscultatory alterations (OR=2.21; 95%CI=1.00 to 5.29), heart disease (OR=4.37; 95%CI=1.68 to 11.13), autoimmune disease (OR=4.03; 95%CI=1.41 to 11.10), diabetes (OR=4.00; 95%CI=1.89 to 8.36), hypertension (OR=3.92; 95%CI=2.07 to 7.53), bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (OR=3.56; 95%CI=1.70 to 7.96), elevated lactate-dehydrogenase (OR=3.02; 95%CI=1.30 to 7.68), elevated C-reactive protein (OR=2.94; 95%CI=1.47 to 5.97), elevated D-dimer (OR=2.66; 95%CI=1.15 to 6.51) and low platelet count (OR=2.41; 95%CI=1.12 to 5.14). Myalgia or artralgia (OR=0.28; 95%CI=0.10 to 0.66), dysgeusia (OR=0.28; 95%CI=0.05 to 0.92) and anosmia (OR=0.23; 95%CI=0.04 to 0.75) were protective factors.ConclusionDetermining the clinical, biological and radiological characteristics of patients with suspected COVID-19 infection will be key to early treatment and isolation and the tracing of contacts.

Neonatal Chikungunya Presented as Apnea

2021 ◽  
pp. 097321792110484
Author(s):  
Souradip Banik ◽  
Kumar Ankur ◽  
Sanjeev Chetry ◽  
Aparna Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Chikv Infection ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Retrospective Case Series ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Neonatal Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection is sporadic, and the prevalence of the entity has been described only recently. Neurological complications in adults have been reported, but there is a lack of data in this regard in neonates. In this retrospective case series done during the outbreak of Chikungunya, we observed 7 neonates who presented with fever, irritability, excessive cry, and rash, which was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Out of 7, 5 neonates presented with encephalopathy with apnea and seizures (80%), which were the most common presenting symptoms. Identifying this entity based on clinical and epidemiological background helps in management and aids in prognostication of the affected neonate.

scholarly journals A Case Series Analysis of Dental Extractions’ Outcome in Cats with Chronic Gingivostomatitis Carrying Retroviral Disease

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3306
Author(s):  
Marta Silva ◽  
Marta Fernandes ◽  
Mónica Fialho ◽  
Lisa Mestrinho
Keyword(s):  
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Leukaemia Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Feline Leukaemia Virus ◽  
Dental Radiographs ◽  
Clinical Records

This study aims to evaluate and compare the clinical outcome after dental extractions of cats with FCGS infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV). A retrospective case series included cats with diagnosis of FCGS, availability of detailed clinical records, full-mouth dental radiographs, and retroviral disease test results. Effectiveness of surgical treatment (EOT) was registered. Three groups were defined: control, FIV and FeLV. In this study, 111 cats were included: 60 controls, 29 FIV- and 22 FeLV-positive cats. When compared with control cases, FeLV-positive cats had significantly less proliferative stomatitis lesions, and they tended to have more lingual ulcers. Concurrently, FeLV-positive cats had significantly less tooth resorptive lesions. No other significant differences in FCGS clinical signs were found between groups. FeLV-positive cats had a significantly worse outcome after dental extractions compared to the other groups. In fact, FeLV-positive cats had 7.5 times more chances of having no improvement after dental extractions. This study concludes that the response to dental extractions in FeLV-positive cats is significantly worse, when comparing to cats that do not carry retroviral disease. Therefore, it is important to acknowledge the effect of FeLV status on the prognosis of these cats.

scholarly journals Cost Analysis With Use of Expandable Cage or Cement in Single level Thoracic Vertebrectomy in Metastasis

2020 ◽  
pp. 219256822097537
Author(s):  
Miki Katzir ◽  
Tarush Rustagi ◽  
Jeffrey Hatef ◽  
Ehud Mendel
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Medical Records ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Metastatic Cancer ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Single Level ◽  
Expandable Cage ◽  
Kyphosis Correction ◽  
Survival Differences ◽  
Surgical Cost

Study Design: Retrospective case series. Objective: Patient with metastatic cancer frequently require spinal operations for neural decompression and stabilization, most commonly thoracic vertebrectomy with reconstruction. Objective of the study was to assess economic aspects associated with use of cement versus expandable cage in patients with single level thoracic metastatic disease. We also looked at the differences in the clinical, radiological, complications and survival differences to assess non-inferiority of PMMA over cages. Methods: The electronic medical records of patients undergoing single level thoracic vertebrectomy and reconstruction were reviewed. Two groups were made: PMMA and EC. Totals surgical cost, implant costs was analyzed. We also looked at the clinical/ radiological outcome, complication and survival analysis. Results: 96 patients were identified including 70 one-level resections. For 1-level surgeries, Implant costs for use of cement—$75 compared to $9000 for cages. Overall surgical cost was significantly less for PMMA compared to use of EC. No difference was seen in clinical outcome or complication was seen. We noticed significantly better kyphosis correction in the PMMA group. Conclusions: Polymethylmethacrylate cement offers significant cost advantage for reconstruction after thoracic vertebrectomy. It also allows for better kyphosis correction and comparable clinical outcomes and non-inferior to cages.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Among Health Care Personnel at a Health Care System in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 101053952110110
Author(s):  
Salma Abbas ◽  
Aun Raza ◽  
Ayesha Iftikhar ◽  
Aamir Khan ◽  
Shahzaib Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Health Care Personnel ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Past Infection ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Health care personnel (HCP) are at high risk for coronavirus disease-2019 acquisition. Serum antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) indicate past infection. Our institution offered SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing to HCP. We surveyed HCP with positive test results to explore past exposure to SARS-CoV-2, details of symptoms during the preceding 6 months, and a history of SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction testing. A total of 2162 HCP underwent antibody testing. Eight hundred fifty-seven (39.6%) employees tested positive and, of these, 820 (95.7%) participated in the survey. When adjusted for age, males had higher odds of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies compared with females (OR = 1.68; 95% CI = 1.37-2.05; P = .00) and clinical staff had higher odds of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity compared with nonclinical staff (OR = 1.273; 95% CI = 1.06-1.53; P = .01). Implementation of effective infection control measures is essential to protect HCP from coronavirus disease-2019.

scholarly journals Repeated SARS-CoV-2 Positivity: Analysis of 123 Cases

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 512
Author(s):  
Szilárd Váncsa ◽  
Fanni Dembrovszky ◽  
Nelli Farkas ◽  
Lajos Szakó ◽  
Brigitta Teutsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Patient Data ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Meta Analyses

Repeated positivity and reinfection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) is a significant concern. Our study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of repeatedly positive testing after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) recovery. We performed a systematic literature search following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. With available individual patient data reporting on repeatedly SARS-CoV-2 positive (RSP) patients, case reports, and case series were included in this analysis. We performed a descriptive analysis of baseline characteristics of repeatedly positive cases. We assessed the cases according to the length of their polymerase chain reaction (PCR) negative interval between the two episodes. Risk factors for the severity of second episodes were evaluated. Overall, we included 123 patients with repeated positivity from 56 publications, with a mean repeated positivity length of 47.8 ± 29.9 days. Younger patients were predominant in the delayed (>90 days) recurrent positive group. Furthermore, comparing patients with RSP intervals of below 60 and above 60 days, we found that a more severe disease course can be expected if the repeated positivity interval is shorter. Severe and critical disease courses might predict future repeatedly positive severe and critical COVID-19 episodes. In conclusion, our results show that the second episode of SARS-CoV-2 positivity is more severe if it happens within 60 days after the first positive PCR. On the other hand, the second episode’s severity correlates with the first.

scholarly journals Performance of the Innova SARS-CoV-2 antigen rapid lateral flow test in the Liverpool asymptomatic testing pilot: population based cohort study

BMJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. n1637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta García-Fiñana ◽  
David M Hughes ◽  
Christopher P Cheyne ◽  
Girvan Burnside ◽  
Mark Stockbridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
High Viral Load ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Flow Test ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Lateral Flow Test

Abstract Objective To assess the performance of the SARS-CoV-2 antigen rapid lateral flow test (LFT) versus polymerase chain reaction testing in the asymptomatic general population attending testing centres. Design Observational cohort study. Setting Community LFT pilot at covid-19 testing sites in Liverpool, UK. Participants 5869 asymptomatic adults (≥18 years) voluntarily attending one of 48 testing sites during 6-29 November 2020. Interventions Participants were tested using both an Innova LFT and a quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) test based on supervised self-administered swabbing at testing sites. Main outcome measures Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of LFT compared with RT-qPCR in an epidemic steady state of covid-19 among adults with no classic symptoms of the disease. Results Of 5869 test results, 22 (0.4%) LFT results and 343 (5.8%) RT-qPCR results were void (that is, when the control line fails to appear within 30 minutes). Excluding the void results, the LFT versus RT-qPCR showed a sensitivity of 40.0% (95% confidence interval 28.5% to 52.4%; 28/70), specificity of 99.9% (99.8% to 99.99%; 5431/5434), positive predictive value of 90.3% (74.2% to 98.0%; 28/31), and negative predictive value of 99.2% (99.0% to 99.4%; 5431/5473). When the void samples were assumed to be negative, a sensitivity was observed for LFT of 37.8% (26.8% to 49.9%; 28/74), specificity of 99.6% (99.4% to 99.8%; 5431/5452), positive predictive value of 84.8% (68.1% to 94.9%; 28/33), and negative predictive value of 93.4% (92.7% to 94.0%; 5431/5814). The sensitivity in participants with an RT-qPCR cycle threshold (Ct) of <18.3 (approximate viral loads >10 6 RNA copies/mL) was 90.9% (58.7% to 99.8%; 10/11), a Ct of <24.4 (>10 4 RNA copies/mL) was 69.4% (51.9% to 83.7%; 25/36), and a Ct of >24.4 (<10 4 RNA copies/mL) was 9.7% (1.9% to 23.7%; 3/34). LFT is likely to detect at least three fifths and at most 998 in every 1000 people with a positive RT-qPCR test result with high viral load. Conclusions The Innova LFT can be useful for identifying infections among adults who report no symptoms of covid-19, particularly those with high viral load who are more likely to infect others. The number of asymptomatic adults with lower Ct (indicating higher viral load) missed by LFT, although small, should be considered when using single LFT in high consequence settings. Clear and accurate communication with the public about how to interpret test results is important, given the chance of missing some cases, even at high viral loads. Further research is needed to understand how infectiousness is reflected in the viral antigen shedding detected by LFT versus the viral loads approximated by RT-qPCR.

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