Prevalence of Caries in Anterior Teeth in Adults; An Epidemiology Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 3421-3423
Author(s):  
Osama Khattak ◽  
Azhar Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Nadeem Baig ◽  
Shaliputra P. Magar ◽  
Shilpa S. Magar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
World Health ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Caries Treatment ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Health Organization

Background and Aim: Dental caries is a multifactorial, widespread chronic infection of the enamel, or dentin caused by plaque. Susceptible tooth surfaces, saliva, oral micro flora, and dietary carbohydrates are the main factors involved in the development of dental caries. Treatment and prevention management of caries among the population is measured in terms of prevalence and severity of anterior teeth caries. The present study's aim was to determine the prevalence of anterior teeth caries among adults. Methodology: This epidemiological study was conducted on 1276 patients reporting for treatment at the College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia from January 2021 to July 2021. Detection of carries was carried out as per World Health Organization (WHO). Based on demographic details such as age, gender, occupation, and diet, the prevalence of carious anterior teeth was assessed. All the data was coded and analyzed using SPSS version 24. Results: Out of 1276 patients, male and female patients were 814 (63.8%) and 462 (36.2%) respectively. The incidence of carious anterior teeth was 263 (32.2%) in males whereas 149 (32.3%) in female patients. The overall incidence of carious anterior teeth was 32.25%being prevalent in male patients with an age range from 21 years to 30 years. A significant association was found among carious anterior teeth, age (p<0.05), diet (p<0.05), location (p<0.05), teeth malalignment (p<0.05), and oral hygiene (p<0.05). However, anterior decay had no significant association with gender (p=0.673) and occupation (p=.167). Maxillary central incisors were the commonly affected teeth in most cases. Conclusion: Our study found that the prevalence of carious anterior teeth was 32.25% and Maxillary central incisors were the commonly affected teeth in most cases. A significant association was found among carious anterior teeth, age, location, oral hygiene, diet, and teeth malalignment. But no significant association among carious anterior teeth, occupation, and gender. Keywords: Anterior caries, prevalence, dental caries

scholarly journals Changes in Caries Prevalence and Oral Hygiene Skills Among Preschool-Aged Children in Lithuania Between 2000 and 2010

Medicina ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Jaunė Razmienė ◽  
Giedrius Vanagas ◽  
Eglė Bendoraitienė ◽  
Vilija Andriuškevičienė ◽  
Eglė Slabšinskienė
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Caries Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Health Organization

The aim of the study was to evaluate the factors associated with the prevalence and severity of dental caries as well oral hygiene habits among 4- to 6-year-old children in Kaunas (Lithuania) in 2000 and 2010. Material and Methods. A repeated cross-sectional study was carried out to reveal the changes in dental caries prevalence in 2000 and 2010. The study population comprised 4- to 6-year-old children living in Kaunas city and attending kindergartens. The study consisted of two parts: questionnaires on oral health behavior and clinical examination of children’s teeth by the World Health Organization methodology. Results. A total of 941 4–6-year-old children were examined in 2000 and 2010. The prevalence of dental caries increased from 85.4% in 2000 to 88.4% in 2010; however, the difference was not significant (P=0.28). A significant increase in the dmf-t index, describing the severity of dental caries, was observed (from 7.42 in 2000 to 12.03 in 2010, P<0.001). The percentage of 4- to 5-yearold girls and 5-year-old boys brushing their teeth regularly decreased in 2010. During the period of the study, a significant change in the accumulation of plaque on children’s tooth surfaces was documented (P=0.001). Conclusions. Comparing 2000 and 2010, no significant difference in the prevalence of dental caries among 4- to 6-year-old children in Kaunas was observed; however, the severity of dental caries differed significantly. A significant decrease in regular toothbrushing skills was documented for 4- and 5-year-old girls and 5-year-old boys. The Silness-Loe oral hygiene index was assessed as satisfactory.

scholarly journals Dental caries and Dental Anomalies in children with cleft Lip and cleft Palate in Bengaluru city, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Gaikwad ◽  
Sachin C Sarode ◽  
Seema Kamble ◽  
Shivalinga S Hiremath ◽  
Ashwini Biradar
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Open Bite ◽  
World Health ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Dental Anomalies ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Increased Risk

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study was to assess the association of dental caries and dental anomalies among 5- to 15-year-old children with cleft lip and cleft palate. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 500 children with cleft lip and/or cleft palate and 500 children without cleft of the age group 5 to 15 years. The clinical examination was carried out using decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) by Klein Plamer and Knutson, and dmft by Grubbel and 1997 World Health Organization (WHO) pro forma. Results The results showed a statistically significant increase in the prevalence of dental caries in children with cleft lip and/or cleft palate. The mean DMFT was found to be significantly higher in operated children than in the children who were not operated. Other dental abnormalities included an increased frequency of enamel hypoplasia (p < 0.001), hyperdontia (p < 0.014), anterior, unilateral and bilateral cross-bite (p < 0.001), and open bite (p < 0.001). Conclusion The results of this study show that children with cleft have higher prevalence of dental anomalies than the normal children. With increased occurrence of hypoplasia in children with cleft, reduced access for cleaning upper anterior teeth after surgical repair leads to poor oral hygiene status, leading to increased risk to dental caries. Clinical significance Given the high caries experience among the children with cleft lip and cleft palate, it is necessary to advocate a more rigorous approach to the prevention of dental disease in these high-risk children. They should therefore, be subjected to regular checkups, oral hygiene advice, diet advice, appropriate fluoride supplementation, and, when required, appropriate referral for secondary care. How to cite this article Kamble S, Hiremath SS, Puranik MP, Gaikwad R, Biradar A, Gadbail AR, Sarode SC, Sarode GS, Patil S. Dental Caries and Dental Anomalies in Children with Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate in Bengaluru City, India. World J Dent 2017;8(4):304-308.

scholarly journals Dental caries prevalence among 12–15-year-olds in Lithuania between 1983 and 2005

Medicina ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Milčiuvienė ◽  
Eglė Bendoraitienė ◽  
Vilija Andruškevičienė ◽  
Julija Narbutaitė ◽  
Jurgina Sakalauskienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Caries Prevalence ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
T Score ◽  
Health Organization

Objective. To analyze the dynamics of prevalence and severity of dental caries among 12- and 15-year-old schoolchildren in six regions of Lithuania. Material and methods. A total of 5910 schoolchildren aged 12 and 15 years were examined. Dental caries was diagnosed according to the criteria of World Health Organization. The prevalence of dental caries was calculated by dividing the number of children with caries by the number of all children examined and expressed as percentage. Severity of dental caries was described by DMF-T index. DMF-T indices of individual persons as well as each age group were determined. Oral hygiene was evaluated by a simplified oral hygiene index. Fluoride concentration in Kretinga was 1.6–2.2 ppm; in the other regions, it varied between 0.2 to 0.4 ppm. Results. The prevalence of dental caries among 12-year-olds was 88.4% in 1983 and 85.5% in 2005; among 15-year-olds, it was 95.5% and 92.9%, respectively. Mean DMF-T score decreased from 4.5 (in 1983) to 3.7 (in 2005) among 12-year-olds and from 6.4 (in 1983) to 5.6 (in 2005) among 15-year-olds. Oral hygiene index decreased from 1.69 in 1983 to 1.34 in 2005 among 12-year-olds and from 1.46 to 1.22 among 15-year-olds, respectively. Conclusions. A tendency towards decrease in the prevalence and severity of dental caries was observed, when caries prevention program was running. Correlation between oral hygiene and DMF-T was observed in both age groups. Decreased prevalence and intensity of dental caries among 12- and 15-year-olds were associated with improved oral hygiene, usage of fluoride toothpaste, and fluoride content in drinking water.

scholarly journals Dental caries and oral hygiene practices among school children in Chennai, India: a cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 2032
Author(s):  
Shanthi Ramesh ◽  
S. Sundari
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
School Children ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Dental caries is commonly seen among school children. The World Health Organization has stated it to be one of the leading non-communicable diseases. Objective of study the prevalence of dental caries among school children and to study the oral hygiene practices in the occurrence of dental caries.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 307 school children aged 10-15 years. Each child was asked about the dental hygiene practices and was examined for the presence of caries.Results: The prevalence of dental caries among school children was found to be 48.9 % with the 95% CI of 43.3% - 54.4%. The prevalence of dental caries was high among children 10-12 years of age 95(53.6%) compared to 55 (42.3%) among children in the age group of 13-15 years (p=0.05). Daily sweet consumption was significantly associated with a higher prevalence 40 (63.5%) of dental caries (p=0.01). Children not consuming vegetables and fruits everyday had a higher prevalence 76.5% dental caries (p = 0.03). Children who are not practicing night brushing had a higher prevalence of 112 (52.8%) of caries (p=0.04). The study showed that only 17.3% of the children visited a dental health care service.Conclusion: Authors found the prevalence of dental caries to be high. Health education regarding the importance of good oral hygiene practices such as night brushing, diet modification and periodic dental visits to all the school children will play a major role in the prevention of dental caries.

scholarly journals Restaurações atraumáticas : usos e limitações

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-16
Author(s):  
Sonia Maria Blauth de Slavutzky
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Atraumatic Restorative Treatment ◽  
Dental Clinic ◽  
Restorative Treatment ◽  
Caries Treatment ◽  
The World ◽  
Dental Offices ◽  
Health Organization

The Atraumatic Restorative Treatment are internationally known through their initials (A.R.T.) were recommended by the World Health Organization for dental caries treatment in places with no dental offices. Since then, other possibilities of use are appearing. This article presents a review of its uses and limitations in and out of the dental clinic.

scholarly journals Global Governance of Anti-microbial Resistance: A Legal and Regulatory Toolkit

2020 ◽  
pp. 401-420
Author(s):  
Calvin W. L. Ho ◽  
Tsung-Ling Lee
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
System Approach ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Global Action ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Recognizing that antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a serious threat to global public health, the World Health Organization (WHO) has adopted a Global Action Plan (GAP) at the May 2015 World Health Assembly. Underscoring that systematic misuse and overuse of drugs in human medicine and food production is a global public health concern, the GAP-AMR urges concerted efforts across governments and private sectors, including pharmaceutical industry, medical professionals, agricultural industry, among others. The GAP has a threefold aim: (1) to ensure a continuous use of effective and safe medicines for treatment and prevention of infectious diseases; (2) to encourage a responsible use of medicines; and (3) to engage countries to develop their national actions on AMR in keeping with the recommendations. While the GAP is a necessary step to enable multilateral actions, it must be supported by effective governance in order to realize the proposed aims. This chapter has a threefold purpose: (1) To identify regulatory principles embedded in key WHO documents relating to AMR and the GAP-AMR; (2) To consider the legal and regulatory actions or interventions that countries could use to strengthen their regulatory lever for AMR containment; and (3) To highlight the crucial role of the regulatory lever in enabling other levers under a whole-of-system approach. Effective AMR containment requires a clearer understanding of how the regulatory lever could be implemented or enabled within health systems, as well as how it underscores and interacts with other levers within a whole-of-system approach.

scholarly journals Kebersihan Gigi Mulut dan Kejadian Gingivitis pada Anak Sekolah Dasar

e-GIGI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zefanya G. Pontoluli ◽  
Johanna A. Khoman ◽  
Vonny N. S. Wowor
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
School Children ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
Dental Hygiene ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract: Poor oral hygiene could cause a variety of diseases in the oral cavity. Oral diseases can occur in various age groups, including children. World Health Organization survey showed that 90% of the world population suffer from gingivitis; 80% of them are children under 12 years of age. Gingivitis is an early stage of periodontal disease in the form of gingival inflammation due to poor oral dental hygiene. Therefore, biofilms are accumulated on the plaques along the gingival margins. This study was aimed to determine the oral dental hygiene and the incidence of gingivitis in elementary school children. This was a literature review study using three databases, namely: Google Scholar, PubMed, and Digital Reference Garba. The results obtained nine journals that were relevant to the topic of discussion. Moreover, oral dental hygiene was influenced by knowledge of oral dental health and oral dental hygiene maintenance behavior such as tooth brushing and diet. The incidence of gingivitis among elementary school children ranged from 74.4% to 91.94%. In conclusion, oral hygiene status of elementary school children was in the medium category and the incidence of gingivitis among them was high.Keywords: oral hygiene, incidence of gingivitis, elementary school children Abstrak: Kebersihan gigi mulut yang kurang dapat menyebabkan berbagai masalah dalam rongga mulut. Penyakit gigi mulut dapat dialami oleh semua kelompok usia, tidak terkecuali pada anak. Hasil survei World Health Organization menumjukkan 90% penduduk di dunia menderita penyakit gingivitis dan 80% di antaranya merupakan anak usia di bawah 12 tahun. Gingivitis merupakan tahap awal penyakit periodontal berupa peradangan pada gingiva yang disebabkan oleh kebersihan gigi mulut yang buruk sehingga terjadi akumulasi biofilm pada plak di sepanjang margin gingiva. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kebersihan gigi mulut dan kejadian gingivitis pada anak sekolah dasar. Jenis penelitian ialah literature review dengan menggunakan database Google Scholar, PubMed, dan Garba Rujukan Digital. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan sembilan jurnal yang relevan dengan topik bahasan. Kkebersihan gigi mulut dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan kesehatan gigi mulut dan perilaku pemeliharaan kebersihan gigi mulut seperti menyikat gigi dan pola makan. Distribusi kejadian gingivitis pada anak sekolah dasar antara 74,4%-91,94%. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah status kebersihan gigi mulut anak sekolah dasar termasuk dalam kategori sedang dan angka kejadian gingivitis pada anak sekolah dasar tergolong tinggi.Kata kunci: kebersihan gigi mulut, kejadian gingivitis, anak sekolah dasar

scholarly journals Lethal Violence: A Global View on Homicide

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietrich Oberwittler
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern Period ◽  
World Health ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
Welfare Policies ◽  
Lethal Violence ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Other World ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Health Organization

As the most serious crime, homicide is both relevant and suitable for cross-national comparisons. The global homicide rate of ca. 6 per 100,000 people is an average of hugely diverging national rates ranging from 0.25 in Singapore to ca. 100 in El Salvador. The validity of global homicide statistics suffers from various differences in definitions as well as reporting and registration processes. Both criminal justice and causes of death statistics are used by the World Health Organization to construct rates, yet these are available only for a minority of countries. An overview on homicide in history and non-state societies shows that violence levels were considerably higher compared to those in today’s developed world and have dropped dramatically in Europe and North America during the early modern period. The rates first increased and then declined between ca.1960 and today in most developed nations in a synchronized manner, hinting at common influences. In recent years, homicide trends have shown a polarizing pattern, with increasing rates in Latin America and decreasing rates in most other world regions, especially East Asia and the Pacific, where rates have fallen below the European average concurrent with rising scores on the Human Development Index. Except in Eastern Europe, the frequency of homicide is strongly linked to the use of firearms, which account for 44% of homicide cases worldwide. Longitudinal studies have produced robust evidence for the pivotal role of deprivation and inequality in fostering lethal violence and of social welfare policies in reducing it. Although the transition to democratic political systems seems to increase homicide rates temporarily, the legitimacy of state institutions and the suppression of corruption are connected to lower homicide rates. Because of conceptual and methodological problems, questions concerning the generalizability of effects across space and time remain. Nevertheless, the research findings are sufficiently robust to draw important conclusions for violence prevention: reductions in poverty and income inequality, investments in welfare policies and gender equality, and improvements in the legitimacy of state institutions will help to bring homicide rates down.

Probiotics in Dental Caries Prevention

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padmapriya Ramanujam ◽  
Saravanan Poorni ◽  
Manali Ramakrishnan Srinivasan ◽  
Nivedhitha Malli Sureshbabu
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Caries Prevention ◽  
World Health ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Chewing Gums ◽  
Health Organization

The prevalence of oral diseases is increasing and is becoming a major concern in the society. Treatment without prevention is simply unsustainable. One such preventable disease is dental caries. Several strategies for caries prevention have been developed over the years. Bacteriotherapy is one potential method. With better understanding on the importance of a well balanced oral microbial environment for maintaining good dental health, probiotics has gained great momentum in dentistry. The World Health Organization along with the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations defined probiotics as “Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host”. Several probiotic strains have been identified for caries prevention through various experimental studies. However, identifying the right vehicle for administration of probiotics on everyday basis is the need of the hour. Toothpastes, mouthrinses, powders, tablets, lozenges, chewing gums are some probiotic vehicles that have been studied. This paper would throw light on the microbial strains, mechanism of action, forms and future for probiotics in caries prevention.

Intimate partner violence

2018 ◽  
pp. 465-476
Author(s):  
Carmen Wong ◽  
Wai Ching Ng ◽  
Hua Zhong ◽  
Anne Scully-Hill
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
World Health ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Harm ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Internal And External Factors

Intimate partner violence (IPV) refers to any action that causes physical, sexual, and psychological harm by intimate partners, which includes domestic violence. This chapter gives a brief overview and details the prevalence, current theories, research, and evidence, including patriarchy and gender issues. IPV is complex, with internal and external factors relating to the victim, perpetrator, family, and the community. The long-term impacts on physical and mental health are reviewed. Recent direction by the World Health Organization describes a multi-level integrated approach, which is discussed topically in terms of individual, relational, and community prevention and intervention and its challenges. Finally, policies and laws relating to IPV are reviewed. This chapter has been written collaboratively by a multidisciplinary team of medical, social, and legal professionals.

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