Accuracy of Ultrasound for Determination of Fetal Gender

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1237-1239
Author(s):  
A. Ammar ◽  
M. A. Z. Husnain ◽  
M. Arshad ◽  
T. M. Mirza ◽  
Z. Arshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Fetal Gender ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Aim: To evaluate the accuracy of ultrasound in determining the phenotypic foetal gender in all three trimesters. Study design: Cross sectional study. Place and duration of study: Department of Diagnostic Radiology Combined Military Hospital Lahore from 1st January 2020 to 30th April 2020. Methodology: Three hundred and seventy two patients in the inclusion criteria were selected. Ages of patients, gestational ages of foetuses and their genders were determined according to the ultrasonographic signs using ultrasound examination. Patients were contacted 3 weeks after the estimated date of delivery and phenotypic sex recorded. Results: Mean age was 34 years. Median gestational age was 21 weeks 3 days. Accuracy of gender determination by ultrasound in 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters was 62%, 97% and 95% respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound in 1st trimester for males are 66% and 72%; and for females are 72% and 66% respectively. Positive and negative predictive values for male are 69% and 71%; and for female are 71% and 69% respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound in 2nd trimester for males are 95% and 100%; and for females are 100% and 95% respectively. Positive and negative predictive values for male are 100% and 94%; and for female are 94% and 100% respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound in 3rd trimester for males are 94% and 96%; and for females are 96% and 94% respectively. Positive and negative predictive values for male are 97% and 93%; and for female are 93% and 97% respectively. Conclusion: There is a high accuracy of ultrasound in determination of fetal gender in second and third trimesters. Keywords: Ultrasound, Gender, Trimester, Sensitivity, Specificity, Predictive Value

scholarly journals VAGINAL SONOGRAPHY a HYSTEROSCOPY

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 432-437
Author(s):  
MASOMEH ASGHARNIA ◽  
Zahra Mohammad Tabar ◽  
MARZIEH MEHRAFZA ◽  
Mary am Shakiba ◽  
MONA OUDI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Therapeutic Modality ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Complete Evaluation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Infertile Women ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

B a c k g r o u n d : Hysteroscopy is a valuable diagnostic and therapeutic modality in the management of infertility. A i m : To evaluatethe consistency of hysteroscopy based on a histopathological report from endometrial specimens for intrauterine disorders. Materials andMethods: This is a cross-sectional study. The study included 115 infertile patients. All were admitted for investigation of infertile women beforeassisted reproduction in Mehr infertility institute between 2006 and 2007 hysteroscopy, and histological evaluation of endometrial biopsyperformed.We compared the efficacy of hysteroscopy in the diagnosis of benign intrauterine pathology in infertile women in whom the diagnosiswas confirmed by histologic studies. The women had a complete evaluation with preoperative hysteroscopy, and histological analysis of uterinecavity specimens. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive and negative predictive values were calculated for hysteroscopy considering the histologicalstudy as 100%. Results: Sensitivity and specificity of sonography in diagnosing the polyp were stated 81 % and 64% respectively. Sensitivityand specificity of hysteroscopy showed of polyps revealed 85% and 84% respectively. The results indicated that Sensitivity and specificity ofsonography in diagnosing the myoma were 25% and 98% respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of hysteroscopy in diagnosing the myomawere expressed 50% and 93% respectively. C o n c l u s i o n : Hysteroscopy is a safe and rapid direct visualisation of the uterine cavity. We believeit should be replaced by the diagnostic hysteroscopy as a first line infertility investigation.

scholarly journals ACCURACY OF THE UPPER LIP BITE TEST;

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (01) ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD ATIF ◽  
MUHAMMAD ABDULLAH ◽  
MUHAMMAD JAVAD YOUSAF ◽  
Khalid Buland
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Difficult Intubation ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Objective: To compare the accuracy of Upper lip bite test with modified Mallampati classification for predicting the difficultlaryngoscopic intubation. Study Design: Cross sectional Study. Place and duration of study: The study was carried out at Department ofAnaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain management, Combined Military hospital, Rawalpindi from September 2008 to August 2009.Patients and Methods: Four hundred patients undergoing elective surgery meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria were enrolled afterwritten informed consent. The airways of the patients were evaluated by using the modified Mallampati classification (MMP) and theUpper lip bite test (ULBT). MMP class 3 or 4 and ULBT class 3 were considered as indicators of difficult intubation. The laryngeal view wasgraded by Cormack and Lehane classification (Gold standard). Grade 1 or 2 was considered to represent easy intubation and grade 3 or 4to represent difficult intubation. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy werecalculated for both the tests separately by using the 2×2 table. Results: ULBT had a higher accuracy of 94%, specificity of 99.2% andpositive predictive value 70% compared to MMP accuracy of 82.7%, specificity of 84.4% and positive predictive value of 22.7%.Conclusions: The diagnostic accuracy of the Upper lip bite test was more than the modified Mallampati classification. We suggest that itbe compared with the other prevailing tests as well which are often used to assess difficult intubations.

scholarly journals Diagnostic and Prognostic Validity of Proadrenomedullin among Neonates with Sepsis in Tertiary Care Hospitals of Southern India

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja Kannan ◽  
Suchetha S. Rao ◽  
Prasanna Mithra ◽  
B. Dhanashree ◽  
Shantharam Baliga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Clinical Sepsis ◽  
A Value ◽  
Sepsis Screen ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Introduction. To evaluate Proadrenomedullin (Pro-ADM) as the diagnostic and prognostic marker in neonatal sepsis. Materials and Methods. In this cross-sectional study, Pro-ADM levels were estimated in 54 neonates with clinical sepsis and positive sepsis screen (cases) and 54 controls without clinical sepsis. Repeat Pro-ADM levels were estimated after 72 hours in cases. Pro-ADM levels were compared with the clinical outcome. Results and Discussion. Median Pro-ADM levels in cases were 31.8 (IQR: 27.8-39.4) pmol/ml which was significantly higher than controls 5.1 (IQR; 3.1-7.7) pmol/ml. From the constructed ROC curve, a value of 14.5 pmol/ml was taken as the cut-off for sepsis. Pro-ADM had 100% sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values (PPV) in detecting sepsis at 14.5 pmol/ml. Among cases, a decrease in Pro-ADM level by 10 pmol/ml was associated with 99% survival. Pro-ADM value of 35 pmol/ml had 100% specificity and PPV in predicting mortality. Conclusion. Pro-ADM can be used as a single biomarker for detecting neonatal sepsis, predicting clinical outcome and prognosis.

scholarly journals Comparing Predictive power of CT-scan Findings among the Malignant Hepatic Mass patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-6
Author(s):  
Wahida Begum ◽  
Ahmed Hossain ◽  
Waziha A Jahan ◽  
Mahbuba Shirin ◽  
M Abdullah Yusuf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical College Hospital ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Hepatic Mass ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background: CT-scan is useful for the detection of hepatic mass. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the predictive values of CT scan in the diagnosis of malignant hepatic mass. Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Radiology and Imaging at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Mymensingh, Banghabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka and Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka during the period of 1st January 2006 to 31st December 2007. Patients admitted in the Department of Medicine and Department of Hepatobiliary of MMCH, BSMMU, and DMCH with the clinical diagnosis of fever, abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea/vomiting, loss of appetite, jaundice, weight loss and ascites were selected as study population. CT scan and histopathology were performed to all the patients. Result: A total number of 50 patients were recruited for this study.. The sensitivity for multiplicity was 71.4%, specificity was 63.6%, accuracy was 68%, PPV was 71.4% and NPV was 63.6%. The sensitivity for hypodensity as a sign of malignancy was 60.7%, specificity was 18.2%, accuracy was 42.0%, PPV was 48.6% and NPV was 26.7%. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of contrast enhancement were 100.0%, 22.7%, 62.2%, 100.0% and 66.0% respectively. Again the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of detection of pressure effect on biliary apparatus by CT-scan were 100.0%, 22.7%, 62.2%, 100.0% and 66.0% respectively. Again the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of detection of Lymphadenopathy by CT-scan were 35.7%, 95.5%, 90.9%, 53.8% and 62.0% respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of detection of Portal vein invasion by CT-scan were 14.3%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 47.8% and 52.0% respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of detection of hepatic vein invasion by CT-scan were 10.7%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 46.8% and 50.0% respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of detection of inferior vena cava (IVC) invasion by CT-scan were 7.1%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 45.8% and 48.0% respectively. Conclusion: CT is a useful diagnostic tool for the detection of malignant hepatic masses.Journal of Science Foundation, 2014;12(1):2-6

scholarly journals Accuracy of cranial ultrasound in the diagnosis of hydrocephalus in children under 6 months of age keeping CT scan as a gold standard

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Rabia Akram ◽  
Amna Khalid ◽  
Wasif Farman ◽  
Fazal Hussain Shah ◽  
Hina Baig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Cranial Ultrasound ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Keywords Hydrocephalus ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Ct And Mri

Background: CT and MRI modalities are considered a gold standard for the diagnosis of hydrocephalus. The more readily available and cheap options like sonography are being sought out for the diagnosis of this entity. Objectives: To determine the accuracy of cranial ultrasonography in the diagnosis of hydrocephalus keeping CT scan as a gold standard. Study design: Cross-sectional study Place and duration of study: Department of Pediatrics, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from 01-01-2017 to 30-06-2017 Materials and Methods: A total of 121 children with a clinical diagnosis of hydrocephalus were selected and subjected to ultrasound of the head. Subsequently, a CT scan of the head was done and both modalities were compared. The diagnostic accuracy of the ultrasound was determined to keep CT findings as to the gold standard. Results: The mean age was 51.36 ± 34.01 days. The male gender was dominant as 81 (66.9%) patients were males. Ultrasonography of the head detected 93 (76.9%) patients with hydrocephalus while CT scan detected 90 (74.4%). Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of USG to diagnosed hydrocephalus were 88.9%, 58.1%, 86.0%, 64.3% and 80.99% respectively Conclusion: Ultrasonography of head is a valuable screening tool for the diagnosis of hydrocephalus. Keywords: Hydrocephalus, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Ultrasonography

scholarly journals Diagnostic Test Validity of MCV for Determination of Thalassaemia Carrier in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-97
Author(s):  
Nazmul Haque ◽  
Narayan Chandra Saha ◽  
Mohammad Ekhlasur Rahman ◽  
Tahmina Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Test Validity ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Beta Thalassemia ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background: Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) of red blood cell is the useful diagnostic test which is performed during routine blood examination.Objective: The purpose of the present study was to measure the diagnostic test validity of MCV for the determination of thalassaemia carrier. Methodology: This analytic cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Pediatrics and Department of Medicine at MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital, Sylhet, Bangladesh from September 2007 to January 2009 for a period of one year and five months. Siblings and cousins of beta Thalassemia major and Hb- E -beta Thalassemia satisfying the selection criteria were enrolled. The detailed history and thorough physical examination were done meticulously. Five (5) mL blood was drawn from each case and control for determination of MCV and Hb-Electrophoresis. Result: Total 63 were enrolled as cases and total 65 were enrolled as controls. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of MCV in determination of thalassemic carriers were 92%, 89.2%, 89.2% and 92% respectively. The area under the curve value was 0.094 (0.035 to 0.152). Conclusion: In conclusion the diagnostic test validity of MCH and MCH is high in determination of Thalassemic carrier. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2016;2(2): 94-97]

Comparing the accuracy of lay diagnosis of childhood malaria and pneumonia with that of the revised IMCI guidelines in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
K O Elimian ◽  
P R Myles ◽  
R Phalkey ◽  
A Sadoh ◽  
C Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Childhood Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Childhood Malaria ◽  
Pneumonia Diagnosis

Abstract Background Improving caregivers’ recognition of childhood malaria and pneumonia is crucial to early treatment and improving outcomes. The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy and reliability of caregivers’ recognition of malaria and pneumonia (lay diagnosis) as compared to the revised IMCI guidelines. Methods A cross-sectional study design was used to recruit 903 children aged 2–59 months who were assessed for malaria and pneumonia by health workers at five primary healthcare centres in Benin City, Nigeria. Accuracy of lay diagnosis as compared to the revised IMCI guidelines was assessed using sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) values. Results The accuracy of caregivers’ ability to recognise malaria (AUROC: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.57–0.64) and pneumonia (AUROC: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.50–0.58) was, respectively, moderate and poor as compared to the IMCI guidelines. Caregivers were better able to identify children without than those with malaria and pneumonia. Agreement between caregivers and the IMCI guidelines for malaria and pneumonia diagnosis was poor (k = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.09–0.19; P = 0.0001). Conclusion Caregivers’ ability to recognise these childhood diseases as compared to the IMCI guidelines was poor overall, which was partly due to the approach used to ascertain lay diagnosis.

scholarly journals Accuracy of the Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire for Malnutrition and Sarcopenia Screening among Older Patients Requiring Rehabilitation

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2738
Author(s):  
Akio Shimizu ◽  
Ichiro Fujishima ◽  
Keisuke Maeda ◽  
Kenta Murotani ◽  
Tatsuro Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Poor Appetite ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Japanese Elderly ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the accuracy of the Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ) and the SNAQ for Japanese Elderly (SNAQ-JE) for the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM)-defined malnutrition and sarcopenia screening in older persons. We included 380 inpatients aged ≥65 years (mean age, 79.3 ± 7.9; 60.0% women) and admitted to rehabilitation units. Undernutrition and sarcopenia were diagnosed based on GLIM criteria and the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia, respectively, using bioimpedance analysis. Poor appetite was defined as an SNAQ score of <14 points and an SNAQ-JE score of ≤14 points. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of these tools for detecting poor appetite for GLIM-defined malnutrition and sarcopenia were assessed. The rates of GLIM-defined malnutrition and sarcopenia were 56.8% and 59.2%, respectively. The number of patients with poor appetite was 94 (24.7%) for the SNAQ and 234 (61.6%) for the SNAQ-JE. The sensitivity and specificity of the SNAQ measured against GLIM-defined malnutrition were 32.9% and 73.1%, respectively, and against sarcopenia were 29.8% and 70.2%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the SNAQ-JE measured against GLIM-defined malnutrition were 82.6% and 51.0%, respectively, and against sarcopenia were 86.0% and 53.7%, respectively. The SNAQ-JE showed fair accuracy for GLIM-defined malnutrition and sarcopenia in older patients admitted to rehabilitation units.

scholarly journals TO DETERMINE CORRELATION BETWEEN MEAN PERIPHERAL LEUCOCYTE COUNTS AND MEAN LESION VOLUME IN ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (Suppl-1) ◽  
pp. S10-14
Author(s):  
Raees Iqbal Khan ◽  
Arshad Mehmood ◽  
Abdul Latif Khattak ◽  
Hina Syeda ◽  
Raja Jibran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Correlation

Objective: To determine correlation between mean peripheral leucocyte counts and mean lesion volume in acute ischemic stroke. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: We have performed all this research work Combined Military Hospital Quetta, from Jan 2018 to Dec 2018. Methodology: All admitted patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were incorporated in the study. The diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke was based on symptoms of focal neurologic insufficiency and MRI brain evidence of infarct. Total peripheral leucocyte counts were calculated under the supervision of a pathologist who is the fellow of CPSP and has addition a l10 years of experience in pathology. All the above stated evidence including name, age, gender and address were documented in the study Performa. Results: Total no of patients in our study was 70. Of total patients 39 (55.71%) were male and 31 (4.29%) were females. Correlation between mean peripheral leucocytes counts and mean lesion volume in acute ischemic stroke was calculated as 15.97 ± 3.53 x 109 for TLC and 12.50 ± 3.24 for lesion volume, final results of R are 0.7936. Positive correlation revealed that both increased. X variable scores proportionately related with increased Y variable scores. Same goes for decreased values. The coefficient of determination R2 results turned out to be 0.6298. Conclusion: We concluded a positive correlation between mean peripheral leucocytes counts and mean lesion volume in acute ischemic stroke. Additional studies are mandatory to validate our findings to establish positive correlation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of platelet count/spleen diameter ratio for detection of oesophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis of liver: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok Mysore Lakshminarayana ◽  
Shweta Mallikarjun Kumbar ◽  
Manohara Melur Chandregowda ◽  
Kiran Warrier
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Platelet Count ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Oesophageal Varices ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gastroesophageal Varices ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background: Gastroesophageal varices due to portal hypertension in patients with liver cirrhosis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Gold standard investigation for varices is esophagogastroduodenoscopy and patients are advised to undergo regular follow up based on the risk stratification. But the invasive nature, risk of procedure-related complication and lack of accessibility and affordability makes it important to identify simpler methods to screen patients. Platelet count/spleen diameter (PSD) ratio has been validated as a marker for oesophageal varices (OV) in multiple studies but with varying results. The present study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of PSD ratio in OV.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients diagnosed with liver cirrhosis. Clinical examination, relevant laboratory investigations, abdominal ultrasound and endoscopy were performed and data were recorded. PSD was calculated. Receiver-operator characteristics curves were plotted to determine cut-off values. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated.Results: Total 100 patients were included in this study, out of which 25% of patients did not have varices on endoscopy. The mean PSD was for patients without varices 1242.82 (253.45) and 883.51 (582.38467) for patients with OV. The area-under-curve was 0.823, 95% CI=0.734-0.912, p value=0.000001. The cut-off value for PSD was calculated from the ROC analysis was 1077. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 76%, 88%, 95% and 55% respectively.Conclusions: PSD ratio is not an efficient parameter for detection of varices in patients with liver cirrhosis. The current evidence does not support its role as a screening test for identification of patients with OV.

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