Frequency of True and False Umbilical Cord Knots and their Relation Maternal Age and Parity

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1513-1515
Author(s):  
Sabahat Gul ◽  
Sumaira Hassan ◽  
Urooj Fatima
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Advanced Maternal Age ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Parity ◽  
Umbilical Cords

Background: Umbilical Cord Knots both true and false are common abnormalities whichobstruct the blood flow and oxygen supply to the fetus and are frequently associated with advanced age and high parity of the mother. Aim: To find the frequency of true and falseumbilical cord knots in 100 samples of placentae (with attached umbilical cords ) and their relation to maternal age and parity. Study design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Place of study: Anatomy Department of (BMSI) Basic Medical Science Institute, JPMC Karachi. Methodology: 100 normal vaginally delivered full term placentae with attached umbilical cords were studied with direct Visual examination of the cords. The study included frequency, type and location of the knots and their relation with maternal age and parity. Data collected was analyzed by SPSS version 23 and presented in the form of tables and figures, cross tabulations of umbilical cord knots with age of mother and parity was done. Chi square test was used as test of significance asvariablesunder study are qualitative in nature. Results: This study showed that frequency of umbilical cord knots in 100 samples of placentae was 14% out of which 10(72%) were false knot and 4(28%) were true knot. Bothtrue and false knots were more frequent in male babies. There was statistically significant relation of knots with advanced maternal age (>30) and high parity (>5). Conclusion: Frequency of true umbilical cord knots is 4%. Most of knots are found in male babies and there is statistically significant relation of umbilical cord knots with advanced maternal age and high parity. Keywords: Umbilical cord, true knots, false knots, fetus.

scholarly journals The role of parity in the mode of delivery in advanced maternal age women

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75
Author(s):  
Katrini Guidolini Martinelli ◽  
Silvana Granado Nogueira da Gama ◽  
Edson Theodoro dos Santos Neto
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Age ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Advanced Maternal Age ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Maternal Complications ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
Nulliparous Women

Abstract Objectives: to describe the profile of Brazilian Advanced Maternal Age (AMA) women (> 35 years) according to parity, as well as to analyze the role of parity in the relationship between AMA and mode of delivery. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study, based on the “Nascer no Brasil” (Born in Brazil) survey. The data were collected in 2011/2012. The chi-square test was performed to verify the association between parity and maternal, prenatal and delivery characteristics, maternal habits, pre-pregnancy diseases, maternal complications and obstetric history. Results: of the 2,510 puerperal AMA women, 20.2% were nulliparous, 54.4% had one or two previous births and 25.4% had three or more previous births. The nulliparous women had higher schooling, higher economic class and adequate BMI, were white; and had better maternal habits when compared to multiparous. However, they were also more submitted to cesarean section, although without reported complications. Conclusions: one cannot speak of AMA pregnant women as a homogeneous group in Brazil. There are inequalities that can be revealed via parity, since nulliparous women have maternal characteristics, habits and access to prenatal care and childbirth that are more advantageous than multiparous women.

scholarly journals Dyslipidemia and its Relationship with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Selected Population of Siliguri City, West Bengal, India.

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritam Banerjee ◽  
Sharmistha Bhattacherjee ◽  
Kuntala Ray ◽  
Jayanta Kumar Roy ◽  
Saikat Datta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Dyslipidemia, one of the classical Framingham risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, accounts significantly to the rise of non communicable diseases in India. Urbanization, along with greater consumption of dietary fats and decreased physical activity, has led to an increase in this problem manifold. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia among urban adults of Siliguri city, West Bengal and to identify the cardio-vascular risk factors associated with it. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out among the 226 adults aged ≥20yrs in an urban area of Siliguri city, West Bengal, India. Data was collected by detailed history and physical examination; biochemical measurements were done using standards procedures. Dyslipidemia was defined by the presence of one or more than one abnormal serum lipid concentration. Statistical analysis was done using chi-square test, t test and logistic regression analysis using SPSS 20 software (Chicago, IL, USA). Results: Dyslipidemia was prevalent among 78.4 % of the total study subjects. Dyslipidemia was more in males than in females & in both males and females it was more prevalent in the age group 40 -59 years than in any other age group. It was associated with higher odds of major cardiovascular risk factors like hypertension, hyperglycemias, and tobacco use. Conclusion: Dyslipidemia remains a significant and growing problem in this part of the country. The reduction in the disease burden will require changes in life style as well as in national policies. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i1.8474 Asian Journal of Medical Science Vol.5(1) 2014 pp.1-8

Self-medication Pattern and Prevalence Among Iranian Medical Sciences Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nastaran Niroomand ◽  
Mohsen Bayati ◽  
Mozhgan Seif ◽  
Somayeh Delavari ◽  
Sajad Delavari
Keyword(s):  
Medical Science ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Medication Usage ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Negative Results

Background: Self-medication could be risky behavior and has negative effects. While Over the Counter (OTC) drugs are available at drugstores, the behavior has become prevalent among the general population. Objective: This study aimed at surveying self-medication behavior among medical sciences students of Shiraz, Iran. Methods: A sample of 396 students from medical, paramedical, and health sciences disciplines were included in this cross-sectional study. They were asked to fill a questionnaire about their demographics and socioeconomic status, medication usage and self-medication in the last six months, information about the correct use of medication, and information about negative results of selfmedication. Data were analyzed using chi-square, t-test and logistic regression model using R statistical software. Results: Almost 72% of participants reported self-medication in the past sixth months. The main reasons included trust in their own diagnosis (59.9%), mildness of the disease (56.6%), and having previous experience about the disease (56%). Cough or cold (84.5%), headache (66.3%), and body pain (60.2%) were the most frequent diseases that led to self-medication. The majority of the participants (77.7%) reported they select their medicine on their own decision. Furthermore, self-medication was highly related to having medicine stock at home (OR=2.692), having less information about negative results of self-medication (OR=0.835), and more non-syllabus study time (OR=1.041). Conclusions: Although, medical science students have information about the treatment of illnesses, they should be more informed about negative results and side-effects of self-medication. They should also share their knowledge with society to decrease self-medication.

scholarly journals Knowledge of breast feeding among primigravida mothers

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-316
Author(s):  
R V Mohite ◽  
V R Mohite ◽  
S V Kakade
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Statistical Association ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background : Breast feeding, the most natural way of infant feeding to satisfy nutritional, metabolic and psychological needs of the baby. Objectives : To assess the knowledge of breast feeding among primi- gravida mothers attending ante-natal clinic and to determine the association between socio-demographic variables with their knowledge. Materials and Methods : Hospital based cross sectional study was conducted at Ante-natal clinic of Krishna Hospital and Medical Research Center, Karad district Satara. Pre-tested structured proforma used to collect information from 590 married primi gravid mothers attending anti-natal clinic during study period by utilizing personal interview method. Statistical Analysis : socio-demographic frequency percentage distribution, knowledge scoreing and statistical association was analysed by using chi-square test. Results: Out of 590 primi gravida mothers,59.66% showed fair quality of knowledge about breast feeding. knowledge about rooming in, family support for breast feeding & burping after breast feeding  was 97.7%, 95.4% , 93.5% however weaning, colostrums feed, hazards of bottle feeding and prelactal food was 84%, 82.7%,75.5% and 54% respectively. Statistical association was existed between age, education, religion, socio-economic status & occupation of respondents with their knowledge about breast feeding (?2=151.52, p < 0.0001*; ?2=211.27,p<0.0001*; ?2=133.91,p < 0.0001*; ?2=35.59,p < 0.0001* and    ?2=131.04,p<0.0001*) respectively. Conclusion: knowledge of breast feeding among primi gravida mothers attending ANC clinic was of fair in quality. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v11i4.12603 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 11 No. 04 Oct’12

scholarly journals Hubungan Kadar Profil Lipid dengan Kejadian Hipertensi pada Masyarakat Etnik Minangkabau di Kota Padang Tahun 2012

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahmat Feryadi ◽  
Delmi Sulastri ◽  
Husnil Kadri
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

AbstrakHipertensi merupakan masalah kesehatan yang banyak dijumpai pada masyarakat dan berkorelasi dengan penyakit lainnya. Banyak faktor penyebab terjadinya hipertensi, salah satunya adalah gangguan profil lipid. Profil lipid dapat memicu terjadinya hipertensi melalui berbagai mekanisme, baik secara langsung atau tidak langsung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti lebih lanjut tentang hubungan obesitas dengan kejadian hipertensi. Penelitian dilakukan pada masyarakat Etnik Minangkabau di 8 kelurahan di kota Padang. Ini adalah studi komparatif menggunakan desain cross sectional study, dengan jumlah subjek 160 responden. Pengumpulan data responden dilakukan dengan wawancara. Pengukuran tekanan darah dilakukan berdasarkan cara yang direkomendasikan WHO dan penetapan nilainya berdasarkan JNC VII. Profil lipid diukur dilaboratorium dengan acuan penilaian berdasarkan NCEP ATP III. Analisis statistik yang digunakan adalah uji chi square. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar gangguan kadar kolesterol terdapat pada penderita hipertensi dari pada normotensi. Uji statistik chi square menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna antara kadar kolesterol dan trigliserida dengan kejadian hipertensi (total kolesterol p < 0,05; OR = 2,40, trigliserida p< 0,05; OR = 2,49). Kadar HDL dan LDL tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna terhadap kejadian hipertensi (p > 0,05). Dari hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa sebagian fraksi profil lipid mempengaruhi kejadian hipertensi pada etnik Minangkabau yang berada di kota Padang, yaitu kadar kolesterol total dan trigliserida.Kata kunci: Hipertensi, kolestertol total, HDL, LDL, Trigliserida, etnik Minangkabau.AbstractHypertension is a common disease in the community and have correlation with other diseases. Many factor can leads hypertension, such as disturbance of lipid profile. Lipid profile can lead hypertension through a variety of mechanism, either directly or indirectly. This study aims to investigate the lipid profile relation with the incident of hypertension. The research was conducted at the Minangkabau ethnic communities in 8 district in Padang city. This was s a comparative study using a cross sectional study in 160 respondents. Data was collected by interview to get respondent characteristics. Measurement of blood preasure waist and carried out by the WHO recommended and appointment value based on JNC VII. Profile lipid was measured in laboratory and appointment value based on NCEP ATP III. The statistical analysis used chi square test. The result found that the disturbance of total cholesterol and trigliceride more existed in hypertension than normotension population. Chi square statistical test showed there was relation between total cholesterol and triglycerides with hypertension incident (total cholesterol p < 0,05; OR = 2,40 , triglycerides p < 0,05 ; OR = 2,49 ). HDL and LDL had not significant relation with hypertension incident (p > 0.05). The conclusion of this study is some of profil lipid effected hypertension incident at Minangkabau Ethnic in Padang, especially total cholesterol and triglycerides.Keywords: Hypertension, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, Minangkabau Ethnic

scholarly journals Biomarkers of Inflammation and Redox Imbalance in Umbilical Cord in Pregnancies with and without Preeclampsia and Consequent Perinatal Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Marilene Brandão Tenório Fragoso ◽  
Raphaela Costa Ferreira ◽  
Micaely Cristina dos Santos Tenório ◽  
Fabiana Andréa Moura ◽  
Orlando Roberto Pimentel de Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Redox Imbalance ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Umbilical Cords

Objective. To compare redox imbalance and inflammation biomarkers in umbilical cords from pregnancies with and without preeclampsia (PE) and to analyse their relationships with perinatal outcomes. Methods. A controlled cross-sectional study was conducted in Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil, that involved pregnant women with PE and a group of women without the disease, through the application of a standardized questionnaire. After delivery, umbilical cord samples were collected to measure antioxidant defense, products from oxidative damage, and inflammation biomarkers such as myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin- (IL-) 6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Statistical analyses were performed using Stata version 13.0 software and IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0, adopting a 95% confidence level ( α = 0.05 ), with the chi-square test, the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test, and the multinomial and Poisson regression tests. Results. One hundred PE pregnant women and 50 women without the disease were studied. The umbilical cords from PE pregnancies showed higher levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) ( p ≤ 0.001 ), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) ( p = 0.016 ), and malondialdehyde (MDA) ( p = 0.028 ) and lower levels of IL-6 ( p = 0.030 ) and TNF-α ( p ≤ 0.001 ) than the other group, with some associations among these biomarkers with perinatal outcomes. Conclusion. The higher levels of GSH and GPx, in addition to the lower levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, found in the PE umbilical cord, may result from adaptive mechanisms to maintain the oxidative and inflammatory balance; however, despite these changes, the damage to the cell membranes was not minimized, as the MDA level was higher in women with PE than in women without the disease. This implies that a redox imbalance is present, confirming that other physiological and adaptive mechanisms are being activated to preserve foetal health. Therefore, the present work unveils an important role of the umbilical cord in controlling redox imbalance and inflammation in PE pregnancies. Our results reinforce the necessity for continuous research on GSH as a protective compound for the perinatal outcome, especially in PE women.

scholarly journals RELATION OF GRADES OF HYPONATREMIA ON SEVERITY OF BRONCHIOLITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirmal Georgie Ninan ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar TM
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Electrolyte Abnormality ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chronic Disorder ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background and objectives: Hyponatremia often occurs among children with bronchiolitis. It is the most common electrolyte abnormality associated with severe disease course. Aim was to study relation between sodium levels and severity of bronchiolitis Methodology: Cross-sectional study was conducted on 72 infants admitted with bronchiolitis to Pediatrics ward/ICU, JMMC. Infants with recurrent respiratory or super added bacterial infections, born <34weeks gestation, any chronic disorder or medications that can influence electrolyte levels or parents unwilling for consent were excluded. Severity of bronchiolitis was scored and classified into mild, moderate, severe. Sodium levels were determined and grouped (in mmol/L) into normonatremia (135-145) and hyponatremia (mild (130-134), moderate (125-129) and severe (≤124). The grade of hyponatremia with severity of bronchiolitis was compared. Chi square test was used to test the association of severity of bronchiolitis and category of hyponatremia. ANOVA test was done to compare the severity of bronchiolitis with sodium levels. Results: Hyponatremia was seen in 50% of cases admitted with severe bronchiolitis, which when compared to mild and moderate bronchiolitis, was statistically significant (p<0.001). ANOVA showed mean sodium levels of mild, moderate and severe bronchiolitis were 138.44±1.81, 137.37±1.76 and 135.43±3.93 respectively; these were statistically significant (p<0.001). A pairwise comparison between mild and moderate bronchiolitis with hyponatremia was not found to be statistically significant (p-0.769) but comparison between mild and severe bronchiolitis with hyponatremia was statistically significant (p<0.001) Conclusion: There is statistically significant relation between hyponatremia and severity of bronchiolitis. Hyponatremia could be considered as a marker to assess the severity of bronchiolitis. Keywords:  Bronchiolitis, Hyponatremia, Respiratory distress

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Internet Addiction and Its Related Factors among the Students of Yazd University of Medical Science

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasim Namiranian ◽  
Seied Saman Mansouri ◽  
Mohammad Shafiee
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Statistical Relationship ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level

Introduction: Considering the increase in Internet addiction rate, we tried to investigate the rate of internet addiction among medical students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd in 2016. Methods: This analytic-cross-sectional study was performed on 350 students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd. The data collection tool was a demographic questionnaire, and Yang's Internet addiction inventory. The questionnaire contains 20 questions, according to which the person is placed in one of four classes: normal, mild, moderate, and severe. After collecting the data, the data were entered into SPSS 16 software and analyzed using Chi-square and independent t-tests. The significance level was considered less than 0.05. Results: According to Internet addiction, students were 65% normal, 33.3% border lip and 1.7% were addicted to the Internet. The results also showed that there was a significant statistical relationship between the prevalence of internet addiction among students and sex, smoking, and registration in cyberspace (p<0.05), and there was no significant statistical relationship between the prevalence of internet addiction and marital status, place of residence and birthplace (p>0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that by increasing the awareness of medical students, the rate of Internet addiction in them can be minimized  

scholarly journals Association between advanced maternal age and maternal and neonatal morbidity: A cross-sectional study on a Spanish population

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. e0225074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Casteleiro ◽  
María Paz-Zulueta ◽  
Paula Parás-Bravo ◽  
Laura Ruiz-Azcona ◽  
Miguel Santibañez
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Age ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Advanced Maternal Age ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Spanish Population ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Pros and cons of online course from medical student’s standpoint.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 387-391
Author(s):  
Hina Khan ◽  
Bushra Zulfiqar ◽  
Asif Mashood Qazi ◽  
Saleem Raza Khuhawar ◽  
Khalique-ur- Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Online Course ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
It Skills

Objective: To evaluate the pros and cons of an online course from medical students' standpoint. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: At Al-Tibri Medical College and Hospital. Period: January 2020 to May 2020. Material & Methods: After taking ethical approval, 200 students were equally divided into basic medical sciences and clinical sciences based on convenient sampling. The participants, after taken verbal consent, filled a self-designed questionnaire. The data were analyzed through SPSS version 21.0 and presented in the form of frequency and percentage. The Chi-square test was applied, and the level of significance was taken P=<0.05. Results: Both medical and clinical medical science students were well-motivated in learning online through online courses. However, the lack of internet facility, poor IT skills, and improper facilitation by the faculty hindered their progress towards achieving good online education. Conclusion: Improvement in the way online courses are delivered and taught by the faculty is crucial in increasing student motivation towards online learning, but issues such as poor IT skills and lack of internet facility must be addressed to provide an equal form of e-learning for students.

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