scholarly journals A Time-Series Analysis of Motor Carrier Safety Behaviors

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Henrio
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Test Theory ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Safety Behaviors ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
Motor Carrier ◽  
Motor Carriers ◽  
Latent Curve ◽  
Range Theory ◽  
Latent Curve Models

Multiple stakeholders are impacted by motor carrier operating safety, including truck drivers, motor carriers, insurance companies, shippers, and the general public. I develop and test theory in this article about motor carriers' longitudinal performance on three categories of safety behaviors associated with accident rates—Unsafe Driving, Hours-of-Service Compliance, and Vehicle Maintenance—as tracked by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration as part of the Compliance, Safety, and Accountability (CSA) program. I specifically draw on fundamental concepts from sociological agency theory and resource dependency theory to develop a middle-range theory that generates previously untested hypotheses about carriers' longitudinal safety performance for these classes of safety behaviors following the CSA program's inception. The hypotheses are investigated by fitting a series of multivariate latent curve models to four years of panel data for 484 big for-hire vehicle carriers operating in the United States. The empirical findings confirm the theoretical expectations and persist during robustness testing. These findings have significant consequences for academics, motor carrier executives, purchasers of motor carrier transportation services, and policymakers.

Evaluation of Roadside Inspection Selection System for Commercial Vehicles

1997 ◽  
Vol 1595 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda M. Lantz ◽  
Michael W. Blevins ◽  
Thomas J. Hillegass
Keyword(s):  
Safety Data ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
The United States ◽  
Selection System ◽  
Commercial Vehicles ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Motor Carrier ◽  
Motor Carriers ◽  
Evaluation Survey ◽  
Selection Of

The development and testing of the roadside Inspection Selection System (ISS) have been in progress for more than 2 years. The ISS was developed as part of the Aspen roadside inspection software system in response to a 1995 congressional mandate calling for use of prior carrier safety data to guide in selection of commercial vehicles and drivers to undergo roadside inspections. The Aspen system includes software that helps conduct roadside inspections with portable microcomputers. Ten states were involved in the initial testing of the ISS, but a majority of states throughout the United States are now using the system. An analysis of almost 40,000 inspections conducted in 1996 revealed that the vehicle out-of-service (OOS) rate was 33.7 percent for those vehicles the ISS recommended for inspection versus 20.0 percent for those it did not. The driver OOS rate was 13.5 percent for those drivers recommended for inspection versus 9.9 percent for those not recommended. The ISS will thus help in targeting relatively unsafe carriers (as well as those for which there are insufficient data) and reduce the inspection burden on carriers proved to be safe. This means that more efficient use will be made of scarce resources by focusing on less safe vehicles and drivers. In addition, use of the ISS offers substantial benefits to society in safety and to safe motor carriers in cost savings. Presentations of the system and results of an evaluation survey completed by inspectors show the ISS to be well accepted by both inspectors and the motor carrier community.

scholarly journals Personal Watercraft Incident Court Decisions: The Plaintiff’s Odds?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5096
Author(s):  
Eui-Yul Choi ◽  
Woo Jeong Cho
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Personal Watercraft ◽  
Successful Adults ◽  
Significant Factors

A personal watercraft (PWC) is a vessel that uses an inboard motor powering a water jet pump as a source of power and is operated by a person sitting, standing, or kneeling. Maneuvering a PWC is different from operating a motor vehicle or boat. An obstacle cannot be avoided by slowing down and turning the watercraft; throttle power is required to turn or maneuver the PWC. The watercraft stops only by drifting or turning sharply. The study examined sixty court decisions published in LexisNexis databases of the United States over the last decade. Cases included individuals injured while operating a PWC as a driver, passenger, or as a result of contact with a watercraft. A content analysis identified items to be used in the study. Crosstab and logistic regression analyses were used to identify demographic information and the characteristics of those who succeeded in a court of law. One-third of the cases were successful; adults, males, and the party who sustained a severe injury were more successful in a court of law with the exception of the statistically significant factors (high risk maneuvers and sharp turns). Among the additional results, we should be aware that insurance companies may not pay; additionally, it is unwise to loan a PWC to a female who has no experience.

Forum Non Conveniens and Antisuit Injunctions: An Update

1998 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-43
Author(s):  
Andreas F. Lowenfeld
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
New South ◽  
Product Liability ◽  
Federal Court ◽  
The United States ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Forum Non Conveniens ◽  
Court Of First Instance

In the April 1997 issue of the Journal, I reported on three cases in which the response to an action brought in the court of one country led not to an answer, but to a countersuit in another country—for an antisuit injunction, a declaration of nonliability or both. One of the cases I discussed arose out of a controversy between an asbestos manufacturer, CSR, and a group of insurance companies, the Cigna Group, that may or may not have been obligated to defend and indemnify the manufacturer in respect of claims in the United States for product liability. The manufacturer brought suit in federal court in New Jersey, raising both contract and antitrust claims. The insurers, as I reported, succeeded in securing an antisuit injunction in the Supreme Court of New South Wales (a court of first instance), and thereafter in defeating a motion by the manufacturer to stay or dismiss, on grounds of forum non conveniens, the insurers’ action seeking a declaration of nonliability. I thought that outcome was wrong: in my view, the Australian court should not have stepped into the controversy, and the insurers should have brought their challenge to the jurisdiction and suitable venue of the New Jersey court in that court.

The Pioneer in American Life Insurance Marketing

1938 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 65-75
Author(s):  
J. Owen Stalson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
Life Insurance ◽  
General Public ◽  
Colonial America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Insurance Company ◽  
Fire Insurance

Colonial America gave little thought to life insurance selling. The colonists secured protection against marine risks from private underwriters, first in London, eventually at home. It has been asserted that Philadelphia had no fire insurance until 1752; Boston none before 1795. The first corporations formed in this country for insuring lives were those of the Presbyterian Ministers Fund (1759) and a similar company organized for the benefit of Episcopal ministers (1769). Neither of these corporations offered insurance to the general public. In the last decade of the eighteenth century many insurance companies were formed in the United States. At least five were chartered to underwrite life risks, but only one, The Insurance Company of North America, appears to have accepted any. There is no basis for saying that any of these early companies tried to sell life insurance.

Memory in individuals with mild cognitive impairment in relation to APOE and CSF Aβ42

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valgeir Thorvaldsson ◽  
Arto Nordlund ◽  
Ivar Reinvang ◽  
Kaj Blennow ◽  
Henrik Zetterberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Latent Curve ◽  
Latent Curve Models ◽  
Ε4 Allele

ABSTRACTBackground: The ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene and low levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid β-proteins 42 (Aβ) have previously been associated with increased risk of cognitive decline in old age. In this study we examine the interaction of these markers with episodic memory in a sample identified as having mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Methods: The sample (N = 149) was drawn from the Gothenburg MCI study and measured according to three free recall tests on three occasions spanning over four years. Second-order Latent Curve Models (LCM) were fitted to the data.Results: Analyses accounting for age, gender, education, APOE, Aβ42, and interaction between APOE and Aβ42 revealed that the ε4 allele was significantly associated with level of memory performance in the presence of low Aβ42 values (≤452 ng/L). Associations between memory performance and Aβ42 were significant among the ε4 carriers but not among the non-carriers. The Aβ42 marker was, however, significantly associated with changes in memory over the study time period in the total sample.Conclusion: The findings support the hypothesis of an interactive effect of APOE and Aβ42 for memory decline in MCI patients.

Generalizability of the Self-Care of Diabetes Inventory Across Cultures and Languages: Italy and the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Ausili ◽  
Claudio Barbaranelli ◽  
Barbara Riegel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Self ◽  
Diabetes Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
Range Theory

Measuring self-care behaviors is crucial in diabetes research worldwide. Having a common measure of self-care represents an unmet need limiting the development of the science. The Self-Care of Diabetes Inventory was developed to address limitations of previous tools that were not theoretically grounded, strong in psychometrics, and clinically validated. However, the generalizability and comparability of the Self-Care of Diabetes Inventory has not been tested across cultures and languages. The aim of this study was to test the invariance of the Self-Care of Diabetes Inventory measurement model between Italy and the United States. Data from two multicenter cross-sectional studies were used. Two diabetes clinics and two hospitals in Italy and the United States were involved. We enrolled 200 adults in Italy and 226 in the United States, all with a confirmed diagnosis of type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The Self-Care of Diabetes Inventory was used to measure self-care maintenance, monitoring, and management behaviors as described in the middle range theory of self-care of chronic illness. Configural, metric, scalar, and strict invariance were tested for each scale. Three of the four measurement equivalence levels were supported in the three Self-Care of Diabetes Inventory Scales, whereas strict invariance—the highest level—was reached only by the Self-Care Maintenance and Self-Care Monitoring Scales. Clear support for the use of the Self-Care of Diabetes Inventory in diabetes research was provided. Cross-national comparisons of self-care between groups of Italian and U.S. patients are supported, based on the invariance of the measurement model. Aggregation of research data obtained using the Self-Care of Diabetes Inventory across countries could support knowledge development in the field of diabetes self-care.

A New Retirement System With Provision for Variable Income

1954 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 327-378
Author(s):  
J. B. Maclean
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Pension Plans ◽  
Fixed Number ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Cash Income ◽  
Short Account ◽  
Life Annuity ◽  
Current Value

SynopsisThe paper describes a new type of deferred life annuity which has recently been introduced in the United States and which has been used, so far, principally in connection with the retirement plans of colleges and other educational institutions and, to some extent, in self-administered pension plans of commercial corporations. These annuities do not guarantee specific or equal money payments. The fund, which is divided into an “accumulation fund” and an “annuity fund”, is invested entirely in ordinary shares (“common stocks”). Premiums (contributions) and income from the fund are applied to purchase “accumulation units”, the value of a unit being determined monthly in accordance with stock market prices. At the retirement date of any individual the then current value of the units he owns is used to purchase a life annuity of a fixed number of “annuity units” in accordance with the then current value of a unit in the annuity fund. The successive cash payments to the annuitant are the current values of the fixed number of annuity units which he holds.The purpose of this plan is to provide a variable cash income which will, to some extent, reflect the changes in the cost of living, i.e., to provide a more constant “real income” both in times of inflation and deflation.The paper includes : (1) a short account of the origin and business of the company which has introduced this plan, and which is of a special character, with business limited to educational institutions and their employees ; (2) consideration of the circumstances which led to the adoption of the plan ; (3) a general explanation of the basis of the plan and of its mode of operation ; (4) some illustrations of the results which would have been obtained if this plan had been in operation in the past compared to the conventional type of deferred annuity with fixed payments, including consideration of the relative amounts of cash income realised, the relation of cash income to purchasing power and the extent of fluctuation in income under the “variable annuity” ; (5) reference to the possible use of such a plan by life insurance companies generally and of other means by which variable annuities of this type are being or may be provided.

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