scholarly journals Uncertainty and risk phenomena in the context of intercultural communication

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Бронислава Рафаиловна Могилевич
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Intercultural Competence ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Uncertainty Reduction Theory ◽  
Intercultural Interaction ◽  
New Information ◽  
Real Value ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level

Риск и неопределённость онтологически присутствуют в жизненном цикле людей, и поэтому эти проблемы всегда актуальны, особенно в современном социуме постмодерна. Информационное постиндустриальное общество характеризуется большим объёмом разнообразной информации, легко доступной для всех членов социума. С одной стороны, доступ к информации и её количество представляют собой благо, с другой стороны, люди не могут адекватно выбрать, интерпретировать и оценить новые сведения. Возникающая в этом случае неопределённость дезориентирует людей, нарушая стабильность их социокультурных коммуникативных связей. Неопределённость амбивалентна по своей природе - она субъективна как проекция личностного восприятия социальной реальности; она объективна как актуализация слома/смены социальных смыслов и институтов. Исследование о природе неопределённости и рисков едины в том, что высокий уровень неопределённости современности обусловлен такими факторами, как глобализация, информатизация и цифровизация. «Текучая современность» как социальная реальность характеризует сегодняшнюю жизнь людей в ракурсе основных концептов жизнедеятельности: свободы, индивидуальности, времени и пространства, работы и сообществ. Концепция рисков как продуктов неопределённости варьируется - от сравнения рисков с аварией на Чернобыльской АЭС до оценки рисков как мобилизующих сил. Социокультурные риски, межкультурные в частности, приобретают особую значимость в эпоху постмодерна. Выделенные 6 универсальных категорий культуры определяют межкультурную интеракцию в ракурсе учёта культурных характеристик, детерминирующих успех межкультурного взаимодействия. Теория сокращения неопределённости предлагает пути установления успешной межкультурной коммуникации. Обозначены стратегии смягчения неопределённости (пассивные, активные и интерактивные), и факторы её успеха обусловлены уровнем межкультурной компетенции коммуникантов. Следование принципам Кооперации и Вежливости способствует снижению межкультурной неопределённости и рисков как видов коммуникативного дискомфорта. Risk and uncertainty are ontologically linked with the life cycle of people, and therefore these problems are always relevant, especially in the contemporary postmodern society. The informational postindustrial society is characterized by a large amount of diverse information that is easily accessible to all members of society. On the one hand, access to information and its amount is a real value, on the other hand, people cannot adequately select, interpret and evaluate new information. The uncertainty arising in this case disorients people, disrupting the stability of their socio-cultural communicative ties. Uncertainty is ambivalent in nature - it is subjective as a projection of personal perception of social reality; it is objective as an actualization of the breakdown/change of social meanings and institutions. The study on the nature of uncertainty and risks is unanimous in the fact that the high level of uncertainty of our time is due to such factors as globalization, informatization and digitalization. “Fluid modernity” as a social reality characterizes everyday life of people from the perspective of the main concepts of life: freedom, individuality, time and space, work and communities. The concept of risks as products of uncertainty ranges from comparing risks with the Chernobyl accident to assessing risks as mobilizing forces. Socio-cultural risks, intercultural in particular, acquire special significance in the postmodern era. The identified 6 universal categories of culture define intercultural interaction from the perspective of taking into account cultural characteristics that determine the success of intercultural interaction. Uncertainty reduction theory offers ways to establish successful intercultural communication. The identified strategies for reducing uncertainty (passive, active and interactive) and the factors of its success are determined by the level of intercultural competence of the communicants. In addition, adherence to the principles of Cooperation and Politeness helps to reduce intercultural uncertainty and risks as types of communicative discomfort.

scholarly journals Ethnic Stereotypes in Intercultural Communication: Psychological and Semantic Aspects

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 977-989
Author(s):  
Alexey L. Novikov ◽  
Irina A. Novikova
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Intercultural Competence ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ethnic Stereotypes ◽  
The Face ◽  
The One

Currently, ethnic stereotypes are considered as phenomena that mediate the processes of intercultural perception, dialogue and interaction. This fact determines the relevance of it comprehensive interdisciplinary study by different sciences (sociology, political science, psychology, linguistics, etc.). In this article, ethnic stereotypes are analyzed, firstly, at the psychological level (types, functions, structure), and secondly, at the psycholinguistic and psychosemantic levels (from the point of view of the rationale for it diagnosis with using the semantic differential). The possibilities of the semantic differential for studying the content, consistency, direction and intensity of social stereotypes in general, as well as the method modifications for diagnosis ethnic stereotypes, are examined. The heuristic potential of semantic differential for diagnosing ethnic stereotypes as phenomena, on the one hand, reflecting various aspects of intercultural perception and dialogue, and, on the other hand, directly affecting the intercultural interaction, is shown on the example of empirical studies on ethnic stereotypes in the intercultural communication context. The results of ethnic stereotypes studies are of high practical importance for the development of programs for increase intercultural competence, which are in demand in various areas of modern society in the face of e globalization and the growth of intercultural contacts (education, business, tourism, etc.).

scholarly journals Deutsche Spuren in der Ukraine im Deutscheunterricht: illustrativ, interaktiv, kommunikativ

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-55
Author(s):  
Vita A. Hamaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Intercultural Competence ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Communicative Behavior ◽  
Smooth Flow ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

The article deals with the problem of the development of intercultural competence, which is one of the key competences in foreign language education. The focus lies on examining the opportunities available to use the topic of German Trails in Ukraine as a material for developing intercultural competence. The theoretical foundations on which the research was conducted are analyzed: the essence of intercultural communication, the conditions of its smooth flow; the essence of intercultural competence, its constituents and the relations between them; the role of country studies (both the country of the target language and its own history) in the acquisition of background knowledge, the ability to compare cultures, to tolerate differences between them, and furthermore. Considering that the development of intercultural competence at a level that would ensure the effective implementation of intercultural communication is primarily due to the presence, in addition to language acquisition, of intercultural knowledge, perceptions of the rules of communicative behavior and the positive disposition of learners, an important element is the approaching of the target culture, the removal of prejudices about the „alien“. This can be achieved through the inclusion in the educational process of materials from the immediate environment of learners. For exemple, the theme „Traces of the Germans in Ukraine“ is used, in which work, on the one hand, reveals facts of the history of the Germans and Germany in the European format, and on the other, the facts of the history of their own country, the history of their immediate surroundings, at the expense of which the story of „alien“ is transferred to the personal sphere. Among the possible forms of work on the topic focuses on three: work with texts containing information, the history of the Germans as a motivation for communication, the implementation of an interdisciplinary approach to training of project activities.

scholarly journals Building Intercultural Competence Through Virtual Team Collaboration Across Global Classrooms

2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-79
Author(s):  
Stephanie Swartz ◽  
Belem Barbosa ◽  
Izzy Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Virtual Teams ◽  
Intercultural Competence ◽  
Intercultural Sensitivity ◽  
Team Collaboration ◽  
Intercultural Interaction ◽  
Communication Competency ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Intercultural Competency ◽  
Before And After

By means of a cross-cultural virtual teams project involving classrooms in Scotland, Germany, and Portugal, students were exposed to the challenges of collaborating internationally with the intention of increasing their intercultural competency. Intercultural sensitivity and intercultural communication competency were measured using responses to surveys before and after the 6-week project. Students reported, among other aspects, a heightened awareness of the difficulties of intercultural communication. Despite a general appreciation of the project and its outcomes, negative results, such as an increased dislike of intercultural interaction, emerged. Contradictory results warrant further investigation with data from future collaborations.

scholarly journals Prix du pétrole et degré de stabilité de l’OPEP

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Ayoub
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Production Plan ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Common Strategy ◽  
The Common ◽  
Petroleum Sector ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level

Abstract The stability of OPEC may be defined as the upholding of a high level of cohesion between the members of this organisation, in order to secure for the whole a certain level of bargaining power that everyone would think to be acceptable at a given time and in a given context. This level of cohesion is mainly estimated by the common will of members to apply rigorously a common strategy regarding the price-quantity of crude petroleum. In the long run, such a strategy would call for a common production plan in order to determine not only the total level of annual production, but also the quotas of each country, the price level and the rate of development of the capacity of production. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the bringing out of a problematic regarding such a production plan as a whole. The main topics are: (1) the necessity of OPEC, (2) the price determination of petroleum, (3) the question of the instability of a coalition. The analysis accounts for the fact that the petroleum sector produces a non-renewable resource, on the one hand, and for the environment and international constraints that the member countries of OPEC have to face in their development process, on the other hand.

scholarly journals TRANSFORMATION OF SPIRITUAL AND MORAL VALUES OF YOUTH IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 164-169
Author(s):  
L. Kozhevnikova ◽  
I. Starovoytova ◽  
O. Yatsenko
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
New Information ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The One ◽  
Conservative Values ◽  
The Impact

The article has been devoted to the study of the impact of new information and communication technologies in the educational environment on the transformation of the values of student youth. It has been shown, how in the process of the evolution of values, a gap occurs between the declared values and life orientations, determining the behavior of young people. The conclusion has been made, that the worldview of modern student youth is of a synthetic nature: it contains, on the one hand, conservative values, focusing on the stability and connection of generations, on the other hand, “modernist” attitudes reflecting modern social realities. It has been shown, that potential opportunities for the inclusion of young people in the innovative development of the country’s economy are determined by the dynamic balance of traditional ethical values and the modern requirements of sociocultural dynamics.

scholarly journals Intercultural Competence as a Predictor of Adaptation of Foreign Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-112
Author(s):  
V.V. Gritsenko ◽  
O.E. Khukhlaev ◽  
R.I. Zinurova ◽  
V.V. Konstantinov ◽  
E.V Kulesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Intercultural Competence ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Culture Shock ◽  
Psychological Adaptation ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Intercultural Interaction ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Russian Universities

The aim of the study is to determine the role of intercultural competence in the adaptation process of foreign students studying at Russian universities. The research is based on the author's model of intercultural competence, the main components of which are intercultural stability, intercultural interest, the lack of ethnocentrism and the management of intercultural interaction. The sample of the study consisted of 291 foreign students from Turkmenistan studying at universities in Kazan, Saratov, Penza, Rostov-on-Don, Khabarovsk, 291 students (48.5% — Women, average age is 22 years). We showed that intercultural com petence is a significant predictor in the adaptation of foreign students. We revealed different contribution of intercultural competence components to the effectiveness in the adaptation of foreign students. Among the components of intercultural competence only intercultural stability directly affects sociocultural adaptation. The absence of ethnocentrism reduces the effect of culture shock when a student enters a new cultural environment, but increases the success of his/her adaptation in this environment only together with intercultural stability. Two other components of intercultural competence: intercultural interest and the management of intercultural interaction have an impact on the successful adaptation of foreign students not directly, but through the activation of the desire to interact with Russian students and to increase the self-esteem in the effectiveness of intercultural communication with them. In turn these mediators are directly related to both psychological adaptation and intercultural stability. Thus we revealed the mechanism of intercultural competence influence on the adaptation of foreign students. The obtained results can be used to predict the adaptation of foreign students and to reduce the possible risks of their maladjustment in a new culture.

scholarly journals On How to Be Flexible (or Not): Modulation of the Stability-Flexibility Balance

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gesine Dreisbach ◽  
Kerstin Fröber
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Task Context ◽  
Context Sensitive ◽  
New Information ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The One ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior ◽  
And Task

Goal-directed behavior in a constantly changing environment requires a dynamic balance between two antagonistic modes of control: On the one hand, goals need to be maintained and shielded from distraction (stability), and on the other hand, goals need to be relaxed and flexibly updated whenever significant changes occur (flexibility). A dysregulation of this stability-flexibility balance can result in overly rigid or overly distractible behavior, and it is therefore important to understand how this balance is regulated in a context-sensitive, adaptive manner. In the present article, we review recent evidence on how positive affect, reward prospect, and task context modulate the stability-flexibility balance. Two distinct underlying cognitive mechanisms will be discussed: Flexibility may result either from lowering the updating threshold in working memory or from keeping multiple tasks active in working memory. Critically, these two mechanisms allow different (testable) predictions: Whereas lowering the updating threshold should ease the access of new information in working memory and thereby increase flexibility in general, concurrent task activation should only increase flexibility between the respective tasks.

scholarly journals Integrative Socio-Psychological Model for Assessment and Forecasting the Effectiveness of Intercultural Interaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-41
Author(s):  
O.E. Khukhlaev
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Intercultural Competence ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Psychological Model ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Intercultural Interaction ◽  
Approach Method ◽  
Communicative Theory ◽  
Level Of Understanding

Objective. Generalization of psychological approaches to the analysis of the effectiveness of intercultural interaction and their integration with related concepts, which will allowing to build an explanatory model for achieving the effectiveness of communication in a situation of intercultural communication. Background. In a traditional models of intercultural competence, the link in which a specific communicative situation is analyzed is missing. For the issue related to the effectiveness of intercultural interaction, the most relevant is a model that focuses on the result of communication — the communicative theory of anxiety / uncertainty management by W. Gudikunst. The combination of communicative and competence-based approaches can bring theoretical analysis to a higher level of understanding and predicting intercultural interaction. This approach describes the process of ensuring intercultural communication as managing uncertainty and anxiety. The socio-psychological mechanisms underlying these processes can be described using the theory of Uncertainty-Identity by M. Hogg and the theory of Intergroup threat by W. Stephan and colleagues. In this case, a comprehensive model using communicative and socio-psychological approaches will allow us to analyze the mechanism by which intercultural competence contributes to intercultural efficiency. Methodology. Systematic approach, method of comparative analysis. Main conclusions. An integrative socio-psychological model for assessing and predicting the effectiveness of intercultural interaction allows us to build an adequate fundamental scientific rationale for studying the effectiveness of intercultural interaction in specific communicative situations.

scholarly journals THE FORMATION OF INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE OF FUTURE PHILOLOGISTS BY INCREASING OF LECTURERS PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (28) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Nezhenets
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Intercultural Competence ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Educational Experience ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Pedagogical Skills ◽  
International Projects ◽  
High Level

The paper proves the need of lecturers training to form future philologists  intercultural competence. The need has several reasons: firstly, the development of  future philologists intercultural competence requires improvement of lecturers pedagogical skills and the development of their own  intercultural communication skills; secondly, as higher school teachers are free to choose education technologies, forms, methods and means of students learning, they  should be given the relevant methodological knowledge for training  students with a high level of intercultural competence . The article describes the forms and methods of improving the lecturers  professional competence that are necessary for the formation of future philologists  entercultucal competence. The best ways for increasing lecturers professional competence are: participation in scientific seminars, participation in international projects, studying the best educational experience connected with the formation of intercultural competence, scientific and methodological activities in collaboration with foreign colleagues (participation in international conferences, " round tables " etc); selfeducation.Key word: lecturer, professional competence, intercultural competence, philologist, scientific seminars, international projects, international conferences.Неженець Е. В. Формування міжкультурної  компетентності майбутніх філологів   шляхом підвищення професійної компетентності викладача вищого навчального закладу / Дніпровський гуманітарний університет, Україна, Дніпро В статті розкривається необхідність підготовки викладачів до формування міжкультурної компетентності майбутніх філологів. На це є низка  причин: по-перше, розвиток міжкультурної компетентності майбутніх філологів потребує вдосконалення педагогічних навичок викладачів та розвитку їх власних навичок міжкультурного спілкування; по-друге, оскільки вчителі вищої школи вільні вибирати освітні технології, форми, методи та засоби навчання студентів, їм слід надавати відповідні методологічні знання для підготовки студентів з високим рівнем міжкультурної компетентності.Стаття описує форми та способи вдосконалення професійної компетентності викладачів, які необхідні для формування міжкультурної компетентності майбутніх філологів. Найкращі шляхи підвищення професійної компетентності викладачів це: участь у наукових семінарах, участь у міжнародних проектах, вивчення передового педагогічного  досвіду, пов'язаного з формуванням міжкультурної компетентності, науково-методична діяльність у співпраці з іноземними колегами (участь у міжнародних конференціях, "круглий" таблиці "тощо); самоосвітаКлючові слова: викладач, професійна компетентність, міжкультурна компетентність, філолог, наукові семінари, міжнародні проекти, міжнародні конференції.

scholarly journals An Integrative Model of Intercultural Interaction: A Qualitative Analysis Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-474
Author(s):  
Natalya V. Tkachenko ◽  
Oleg E. Khukhlaev
Keyword(s):  
Multicultural Education ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Intercultural Competence ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Emotion Management ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Anxiety Management ◽  
Intercultural Interaction ◽  
Communication Efficiency

The study of intercultural interaction has recently become one of the topical problems of social psychology. Considered often in the context of developing intercultural competence, they nevertheless ignore the mechanisms that underlie the causes of effective or ineffective communication. The mechanism by which intercultural competence contributes to intercultural efficiency is described in an integrative model of intercultural interaction, which unites a group of theories of communicativistic and socio-psychological approaches. This model substantiates the contribution of uncertainty and anxiety to the effectiveness of intercultural communication, which has been widely studied in quantitative studies. The aim of the study is to test the idea of the role of the situation of uncertainty and anxiety in the situation of intercultural interaction using qualitative analysis. The research was carried out based on a theoretical socio-psychological model of intercultural interaction. Using the in-depth interview method and subsequent phenomenological data analysis, a dense description of effective and ineffective intercultural communication was obtained from the point of view of each of the four aspects of the model: anxiety, uncertainty, social identity and intergroup anxiety. As a result of the analysis, data were obtained that reveal the content of some of the blocks of the model (intercultural abilities, communication efficiency, management of uncertainty), as well as a new block (emotion management) was identified and the properties of connections (between anxiety management and communication efficiency, between emotion management and anxiety management) were highlighted. Since the qualitative analysis made it possible to adjust the theoretical integrative model of intercultural interaction, and also revealed additional components of the model that develop theoretical ideas about the mechanisms underlying effective and ineffective communication, the results of this study can serve as a basis for the practice of the training of specialists working in the field of international relations: teachers of multicultural education, HRs in the field of international business, specialists in intercultural consulting, etc.

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