scholarly journals Effectiveness Of Laws To Combat Automobile Pollution: A Legal Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (II) ◽  
pp. 09-16
Author(s):  
Prashant Bhadu
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Emission Standards ◽  
The Government ◽  
Necessary Evil

In a country whose economy is strong, the number of vehicles on the roads is bound to increase. The increasing number of vehicles on the roads should be considered as a necessary evil. The problem of automobile pollution seriously harms the air quality and ultimately becomes a serious threat to human life. An attempt has been made to highlight the various measures taken by the government for pollution control and the commendable effort of the judiciary through this research paper. In addition, new emission standards, problems related to their implementation and future roadmap with alternative fuels and changes needed for better control of automobile pollution hazard are also discussed.

scholarly journals IoT Based Smart Garage Vehicle Washing Water Nestor

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 3521-3525
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Proper Treatment ◽  
Computing Services ◽  
Cloud Computing Services ◽  
The Government

Water is critical part of the human life. In most of the developing nation, water pollution is one of the bigger mess. These issues can be handled strictly by the Government organization, by implementing tougher action rules to the industries, were the water are released without any proper treatment. Where each industries (or) smart cities, should take up self-initiative responsibility for proper treatment of the polluted out flow water. In our research paper, we are not focusing on the wider area of the water pollution; our focus is limited within the smart cities vehicle washing garages. In very smart cities, were a regular multiple vehicles washing is done in the garage, our research paper will focus on the out flow of the populated water from these vehicle washing garages. Our design and implantation process is simpler and straightforward approach. Were we will monitor of the water quality; and how much level of the water is populated, and it requires at what level of the treatment. These process can be easily automated using the multiple IOT (internet of things) based sensors, the data can be streamed into the Big Data lake (or) it can be directly pushed into the cloud computing services for generating the real time graphs and analyses report instantly. These data collected in the Big Data lake (or) cloud computing services, can be used for detail analyses for research purpose. We will incorporate the block chain concept to keep track of the smart garage location address and the detail information of the number of garage in the smart cities details in the form of the blocks.

scholarly journals A Novel Air Quality Evaluation Paradigm Based on the Fuzzy Comprehensive Theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 8619
Author(s):  
Xinyue Mo ◽  
Huan Li ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Zongxi Qu
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
The Government

Air pollution is a prominent problem all over the world, seriously endangering human life. To protect the environment and human health, timely and accurate air quality evaluations are imperative. Recently, with the increasing focus on air pollution, an evaluation tool that can offer intuitive air quality information is especially needed. Though the Air Quality Index (AQI) has played this role over the years, its intrinsic limitations discussed in this study (sharp boundary, biased evaluation, conservative strategy and incomplete criterion) are gradually apparent, limiting its air quality evaluation capability. Therefore, a novel paradigm, the Air Quality Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation (AQFCE), is proposed. In the preprocessing module, missing and reversal data are handled by a least square piecewise polynomial fitting and linear regression. An improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is adopted to solve the AQI’s above limitations in the evaluation module. The early warning module provides a timely alert and recommendation. To validate the performance of the AQFCE, Beijing, Shanghai and Xi’an in China are selected for case studies, and daily and hourly concentration data of six conventional air pollutants from September 2018 to August 2019 are employed. For daily reports, the AQFCE and AQI have a high consistent rate and correlation coefficient regarding chief pollutants and levels, respectively, while examples show the level of the AQFCE is more reasonable. For hourly reports, AQI has antinomies and cannot reflect actual pollution, but the AQFCE is still effective. Current major pollutants, “weekend and holiday effect” and “peak type” of pollution are also revealed by the AQFCE. Experiment results prove that the AQFCE is accurate under different pollution conditions and an important supplement to the AQI. Furthermore, the AQFCE can provide health guideline for the public and assist the government in making environmental decisions and development policies.

Application of Electron Optics to Characterization of Particulate Pollutants

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 364-365
Author(s):  
J. B. Moran ◽  
J. L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Fuel Additives ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Air Quality Standards ◽  
Emission Standards ◽  
Stationary Sources ◽  
Ambient Air Quality Standards

The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1970 provide the basis for a dramatic change in Federal air quality programs. The Act establishes new standards for motor vehicles and requires EPA to establish national ambient air quality standards, standards of performance for new stationary sources of pollution, and standards for stationary sources emitting hazardous substances. Further, it establishes procedures which allow states to set emission standards for existing sources in order to achieve national ambient air quality standards. The Act also permits the Administrator of EPA to register fuels and fuel additives and to regulate the use of motor vehicle fuels or fuel additives which pose a hazard to public health or welfare.National air quality standards for particulate matter have been established. Asbestos, mercury, and beryllium have been designated as hazardous air pollutants for which Federal emission standards have been proposed.

The portrayal of Social Evils in Kamala Markandaya’s Nectar in a Sieve and A Handful of Rice

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Pooja Shankar ◽  
Dr. Poonam Rani
Keyword(s):  
Good Life ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Abstract Concept ◽  
Indian English ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Kamala Markandaya ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Everyday Reality ◽  
Urban People

Life is very precious for everyone. Life needs proper care and nurture. Human life depends on society. Only in a good society we can find a good life.  Life is simple, very little is needed to make it happy. But social evils insist on making it complicated. Social evils in society have become a serious concern in the present day world. It is gradually affecting roots of our culture and its blocking its rapid growth on the global chart. The aim of writing this research paper is to highlight Social Evils in rural and urban societies. This research paper will explore the meaning, reason, effect of social evils in the light of the analysis of two novels of Kamala Markandaya, an Indian English writer. The research paper entitled ‘The portrayal of Social Evils in Kamala Markandaya’s Nectar in a Sieve and A Handful of Rice.’ In this paper, the effort is made to study Kamala Markandaya’s Social Evils in Nectar in a Sieve and A Handful of Rice. We will find poverty, hunger, starvation, beggary, prostitution, crime, unemployment and many more social evils in both novels. Kamala Markandaya’s A Handful of Rice and Nectar in a Sieve nothing but an account of the suffering of the rural and urban people, and how the cruelty of social evil resulting in suffering, death and misfortune is more explicit in both novels. Poverty is the everyday reality of the characters in the both novels.  Poverty is not an abstract concept that one can really think about, it’s like wolf at the door that must constantly be staved off. Both novels are a jolt to awaken the society against social evils.  

GOVERNMENT RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT PEOPLE’S RIGHTS OVER THE CLEAN WATER

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nadzir
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The State ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
State Control ◽  
Government Responsibility ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

Water plays a very important role in supporting human life and other living beings as goods that meet public needs. Water is one of the declared goods controlled by the state as mentioned in the constitution of the republic of Indonesia. The state control over water indicated that water management can bring justice and prosperity for all Indonesian people. However, in fact, water currently becomes a product commercialized by individuals and corporations. It raised a question on how the government responsibility to protect the people's right to clean water. This study found that in normative context, the government had been responsible in protecting the people’s right over the clean water. However, in practical context, it found that the government had not fully protected people's right over clean water. The government still interpreted the state control over water in the form of creating policies, establishing a set of regulations, conducting management, and also supervision.

Internet-based Online Higher Education in Nepal Amidst COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashis Acharya ◽  
Nabaraj Poudyal ◽  
Ganesh Lamichhane ◽  
Babita Aryal ◽  
Bibek Raj Bhattarai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Online Classes ◽  
Traditional Concept ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Online Higher Education ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
The Government

The COVID-19 global pandemic has affected all aspects of human life, with education, not an exception. In an attempt to stop the SARS-CoV-2 spreading like wildfire, the Government of Nepal has implemented nationwide lockdowns since March 24, 2020, that have enforced schools and universities to shut down. As a consequence, more than four hundred thousand students of various levels in higher education institutions (HEIs) are in a dilemma about restoring the situation. Several HEIs, nationwide, have leaped forward from the traditional concept of learning—limited within the boundary of the classroom—to choosing digital platforms as an alternative means of teaching because of the pandemic. For this research, the descriptive and inferential analysis was carried out to investigate the effects and challenges of learning via digital platforms during this pandemic. Data were collected from students and faculty at various levels of higher education and analyzed statistically with different factors using t-test and ANOVA, and variables were found to be approximately normally distributed. The study revealed that 70% of the respondents had access to the Internet, but 36% of the Internet accessed did not continue online classes due to unexpected disturbance in Internet and electrical connectivity. Likewise, 65% of students did not feel comfortable with online classes, and among attendees of online classes, 78% of students want to meet the instructor for a better understanding of course matters. According to the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model, three factors, such as institutional policy, internet access, and poverty, are found to be significant factors affecting the online higher education systems in Nepal. On the brighter side, this outbreak has brought ample opportunities to reform the conventional teaching-learning paradigm in Nepal.

Pollution Control – Regulation and Legal Provisions in India

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
A. N. Aggarwal ◽  
V. K. Karia
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
State Government ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Fiscal Incentives ◽  
Control Regulation ◽  
Regulatory Approach ◽  
Tax Benefits ◽  
The Government

Immediately after independence in 1946, the Government of India resorted to rapid industrialization to minimize outside dependence and to improve the standard of living. This, while helping the country to grow, also created problems of environmental management. Rapid deterioration of natural resources forced the Government to enact a number of legislative measures and create regulatory agencies both at central and state government levels. These agencies were given powers to effectively implement various Acts. Severe penalties, including fines and imprisonment, were envisaged for offenders of environmental Acts. Responsibilities were defined, to avoid a scapegoat approach. On the other hand, to reward industries showing a positive approach to environmental protection, a number of fiscal incentives and tax benefits were also offered. Recently, to provide more comprehensive legislation for the protection of all the components of the environment under a single agency, a new bill entitled the ‘Environmental Protection Bill, 1986' has been introduced in Parliament. This regulatory approach has started to show results, and more and more industries have started to provide pollution control facilities.

Private Capital Participation: Choices and Constraints

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1915-1920
Author(s):  
D. Kinnersley
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Private Capital ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
Government Role ◽  
Private Participation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Participation Frameworks

The scope for involving private capital participation in wastewater treatment and pollution control is attracting attention in a number of countries. After noting briefly some influences giving rise to this trend, this paper discusses frameworks in which such participation may be developed. In some aspects, there are choices available and it is essential to shape the private participation appropriately to the community's situation and problems, with due recognition of the hazards also involved. In other aspects, policy choices are more constrained, and there are requirements which it is suggested all private participation frameworks should provide for as clearly as possible. Effective private participation generally depends on re-designing and strengthening the role of government as the scale of its former role is reduced. Getting this re-design of the government role right is at least as important as making appropriate choices for format of private participation.

1993 Soichiro Honda Lecture: The Challenges of Change in the Auto Industry: Why Alternative Fuels?

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Auto Industry ◽  
Transportation Fuel ◽  
Alternative Fuel Vehicles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Entire Country ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Difficult Transition

Development of vehicles to operate on nonpetroleum fuels began in earnest in response to the energy shocks of the 1970s. While petroleum will remain the predominant transportation fuel for a long time, petroleum supplies are finite, so it is not too soon to begin the difficult transition to new sources of energy. In the past decade, composition of the fuel utilized in the internal combustion engine has gained recognition as a major factor in the control of emissions from the tailpipe of the automobile and the rate of formation of ozone in the atmosphere. Improvements in air quality can be realized by using vechicles that operate on natural gas, propane, methanol, ethanol, or electricity, but introduction of these alternative fuel vehicles presents major technical and economic challenges to the auto industry, as well as the entire country, as long as gasoline remains plentiful and inexpensive.

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