scholarly journals INFLUÊNCIA DA IDADE E ALTITUDE NAS CARACTERÍSTICAS ANATÔMICAS, QUÍMICAS E DE DENSIDADE BÁSICA DA MADEIRA DE CANDEIA - Eremanthus erythropappus

FLORESTA ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia Lopes Selvati de Oliveira Mori ◽  
José Otávio Brito ◽  
Mario Tomazello Filho ◽  
José Roberto Soares Scolforo ◽  
Francides Gomes Junior
Keyword(s):  
Basic Density ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Anatomical Characteristics ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
Total Extractives ◽  
Altitude Level ◽  
Parenchyma Tissue

O trabalho teve por objetivo: verificar a influência da idade da árvore de candeia sobre os elementos anatômicos, teores de extrativos totais, lignina, cinzas e densidade básica, relacionado a duas condições de relevo (1.000 m e 1.100 m de altitude), em Aiuruoca, Minas Gerais. Em cada área de estudo foram amostradas 15 árvores distribuídas em 3 classes diamétricas, das quais foram retirados discos da base da árvore para determinações da idade, características anatômicas e densidade básica. Os fustes foram reduzidos na forma de cavacos onde foram retiradas amostras aleatórias de material para análises químicas. As características anatômicas das madeiras das duas áreas foram semelhantes, com variações na quantidade de vasos e tamanho de pontoações. As células de óleo apresentaram-se nas células do parênquima radial. A freqüência de vasos foi menor em árvores mais velhas. A densidade básica variou de 0,74 g/cm3 na área com 1.000 m e 0,68 g/cm3 para a área de 1.100 m de altitude, sendo maior em árvores mais velhas. Os teores de extrativos totais, lignina e cinzas, diferiram estatisticamente entre as madeiras das duas áreas estudadas. As árvores mais jovens apresentaram maior teor de material inorgânico; o teor de extrativos totais e de lignina, não foi influenciado pela idade.Palavras-chave:Caracterização anatômica; composição química; densidade básica; Eremanthus erythropappus.                                                                                                                                                AbstractInfluence of altitude and stand age on basic density, anatomical, and chemical characteristics of candeia wood - Eremanthus erythropappus. This work aimed to study the influence of tree age and altitude on some anatomical elements characteristics (basic density, total extractives, lignin, and leached ashes) of candeia wood. The sampled trees were collected in the Aiuruoca County, Minas Gersis State, Brazil, in two different altitudes (1,000 and 1,100m above sea level). From each altitude level 15 trees, enclosed in 3 diametric classes, were cut. Disks were taken from the trunk base of each tree in order to determine the age, the anatomical characteristics, and the basic density. Random samples from the trees trunks were collected for the chemical analyses. The wood density varied from 0.74 to 0.68 g/cm3 in the trees collected at 1,000 and 1,100m of altitude respectively, being higher in the older trees. The wood anatomical characteristics of both sites were similar, with some variations in the amount of vases and pit sizes. Oily cells were observed in the radial parenchyma tissue. The vases frequency was lower in the older trees. The content of total extractives, amount of lignin, and leached ashes were statistically different in the two studied sites. The youngest trees presented higher leached ashes content; total extractives and lignin were not influenced by tree age.Keywords:Anatomical characterization; chemical components; basic density; Eremanthus erythropappus.

scholarly journals ANATOMICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF JUVENILE Schizolobium amazonicum WOOD

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Graziela Baptista Vidaurre ◽  
Benedito Rocha Vital ◽  
Jorge Luiz Colodette ◽  
Angélica de Cássia Oliveira ◽  
João Gabriel Missia da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Anatomical Characteristics ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
High Cellulose

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the effects of tree age and of pith-bark and base-top positions on anatomical characteristics, and the effect of age on the chemical components of Schizolobium amazonicum (Paricá wood). The material was obtained from commercial plantations in the states of Maranhão and Pará with ages of 5, 7, 9 and 11 years. The first three logs (2.7 m length each) were obtained from the trees of each age. Only the effect of age was analyzed for the chemical characterization of the wood. The dimensions of the fibers increased along the pith-bark direction, while wall thickness decreased and the length of the fibers increased with aging. The width of the fibers and the lume diameter increased in the base-top direction. Paricá wood presented low extractive and hemicellulose content, and high cellulose content. The anatomical characteristics were more affected by the factors under study than the chemical composition, evidencing that the chemical elements of the wood are more stable with aging in relation to the anatomical characteristics.

Root rot damage in naturally regenerated stands of spruce and balsam fir in Ontario

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Root Decay ◽  
Forest Region

In an 11-year study in northern Ontario, root rot damage was heaviest in balsam fir, intermediate in black spruce, and least in white spruce. As a result of root rot, 16, 11, and 6%, respectively, of dominant or codominant trees of the three species were killed or experienced premature windfall. Butt rot, which resulted from the upward extension of root rot into the boles of living trees, led to a scaled cull of 17, 12, and 10%, respectively, of gross merchantable volume of the remaining living trees in the three species. The total volume of wood lost to rot was, therefore, 33, 23, and 16%, respectively. Of 1108 living dominant and codominant balsam fir, 1243 black spruce, and 501 white spruce in 165 stands, 87, 68, and 63%, respectively, exhibited some degree of advanced root decay. Losses resulting from root rot increased with tree age. Significant amounts of root decay and stain (>30% of root volume) first occurred at 60 years of age in balsam fir and 80 years in black spruce and white spruce. For the three species together, the proportion of trees that were dead and windfallen as a result of root rot increased from an average of 3% at 41–50 years to 13% at 71–80 years and 26% at 101–110 years. The root rot index, based on the number of dead and windfallen trees and estimated loss of merchantable volume, also increased, from an average of 17 at 41–50 years to 40 at 71–80 years and 53 at 101–110 years. Death and windfall of balsam fir and black spruce were more common in northwestern Ontario than in northeastern Ontario. Damage to balsam fir was greater in the Great Lakes–St. Lawrence Forest region than in the Boreal Forest region. In all three tree species, the degree of root rot (decay and stain) was highly correlated with the number of dead and windfallen trees, stand age, and root decay at ground level (as a percentage of basal area) for a 10-tree sample.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL AND FUEL PROPERTIES OF FORESTRY WASTES FROM PINE PLANTATIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael de Avila Delucis ◽  
Patrícia Soares Bilhalva dos Santos ◽  
Rafael Beltrame ◽  
Darci Alberto Gatto
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Hygroscopic Moisture ◽  
Wood Bark

ABSTRACT Power plants have been using forestry biomasses to produce thermal and electrical energies. However, these industries lack of reliable parameters about their raw material in order to consolidate their position in this market. The present study aimed to characterize forestry wastes from pine (Pinus elliottii) plantations leftover of wood logs processing units. Wood, bark and a mixture of both of them were characterized by prompt (total moisture, hygroscopic moisture, ashes, volatile matter and fixed carbon contents), elementary (S, C, H, N and [O + Halogens] contents), and via wet (holocellulose, lignin and extractives contents) chemical analyses. Indeed, basic density and fuel properties (gross and net calorific values) were also determined. Compared to the wood, the bark presented higher extractives content, which affected the ashes content. Regarding the energetic properties, the bark showed the highest properties, but a detrimental character from an environmental standpoint. The wood-bark mixture presented intermediate properties between these two forestry wastes, but with more approximation to the wood.

scholarly journals Correlations among Tree Quality, Stand Characteristics, and Site Characteristics in Plantation Teak in Mountainous Areas of Lao PDR

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 777
Author(s):  
Simone Vongkhamho ◽  
Akihiro Imaya ◽  
Chisato Takenaka ◽  
Kazukiyo Yamamoto ◽  
Hiroyuki Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Present Condition ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Site Characteristics ◽  
Stem Straightness ◽  
Tree Quality ◽  
Plantation Teak ◽  
Stand Characteristics

Teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f) is a globally valuable hardwood tree species whose growth performance and tree quality characteristics are controlled by various factors. Teak tree quality characteristics such as stem straightness, buttressing, and protuberant buds/knots are important in the sawing process, and directly affect timber yield, timber grade, recovery, and cost. In this study, we assessed the relationships among tree quality characteristics, stand characteristics, and site characteristics in plantation teak in the Luang Prabang province of the Lao PDR. We established 53 sample plots (20 × 20 m) and measured a total of 2149 sample trees. The stand-level tree age ranged from 10 to 31 years, and the trees were distributed in various modes of topography. The altitude ranged from 287 to 867 masl. The results of Spearman’s partial rank correlation analysis among the parameters revealed the present condition of the teak plantation forest in the region. The altitude was related to stand age and was correlated with tree quality characteristics such as epicormic shoots, mode of branching, and branch size. The correlation results suggest that higher-density plantation at the higher altitude sites might be suitable for teak plantations in this area. In addition, we found that a longer rotation in forest management might degrade tree quality.

scholarly journals Succession of mycorrhizae: a matter of tree age or stand age?

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 758s-761s ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Blasius ◽  
F. Oberwinkler
Keyword(s):  
Tree Age ◽  
Stand Age

Factors controlling epiphytic lichen biomass during postfire succession in black spruce boreal forests

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 2168-2179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Boudreault ◽  
Yves Bergeron ◽  
Darwyn Coxson
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Epiphytic Lichens ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Epiphytic Lichen ◽  
Structure Tree ◽  
Species Groups

Alectorioid lichens are the dominant group of epiphytic lichens in boreal forests. Epiphytic lichen richness and abundance generally increase with stand age and within-stand heterogeneity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the importance of time elapsed since the last fire, stand structure, tree size, tree age, and branch height for epiphytic lichen biomass of the boreal forest of western Quebec. We sampled 12 sites belonging to four forest age classes (from 50 to >200 years). We assessed epiphytic lichen biomass of three species groups ( Bryoria , Evernia , and Usnea ) on 12 trees in each site. Our results showed that biomass of Bryoria and Usnea was higher in intermediate stages (between 101 and 200 years) compared with younger (50–100 years) and older (>200 years) stages. Biomass of the three species groups was greater on larger diameter trees (>16 cm) compared with smaller ones (<16 cm). These results indicate that the protection of postfire stands aged between 101 and 200 year should be prioritized to maintain the functional role of epiphytic lichens in managed landscapes.

Growth trends and stand dynamics in natural loblolly pine in the southeastern United States

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 660-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul C. Van Deusen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Stand Dynamics ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Growth Trends ◽  
Individual Tree Growth

A number of recent studies have shown reduced stand-level and individual-tree growth in natural loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) stands in the southeastern United States. This study uses increment cores from dominant and codominant trees to determine if individual-tree growth has changed from 1915 to 1985. The cores are grouped for comparison by first sorting on the basis of median stand age and then further sorting these groups of cores by individual-tree age. These trees experienced increasing basal area increments from the mid-1940s into the mid-1970s, after which growth rates returned to preincrease levels. These data support recent findings of growth reductions, but also indicate previously unreported growth increases preceding the growth decreases. These and supplemental permanent plot data suggest that stand dynamics is a viable hypothesis for explaining these growth trends.

scholarly journals Foliage biomass qualitative indices of selected forest forming tree species in Ukrainian Steppe

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Svitlana Sytnyk ◽  
Viktoriia Lovynska ◽  
Ivan Lakyda
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
State Agency ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractOur study objective was research on the assimilation component of aboveground biomass of trees and its correlation with mensurational indices of trees (age, diameter and height) in stands of the main forest forming species in the Ukrainian Northern Steppe zone - Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) and Robinia pseudoacacia L. (Black locust). The research was carried out in forest stands subordinated to the State Agency of Forest Resources of Ukraine. We used experimental data collected on sample plots established during years 2014-2016. The main research results prove that the foliage share in the tree greenery biomass structure had a wide range of values. For both investigated species, a positive correlation was found between the dry matter content in the tree foliage and the tree age, height and diameter. The foliage share in tree greenery biomass decreased with increasing mensurational index values. Correlation analysis revealed linear relationships between the mensurational indices and the discussed aboveground live biomass parameters. The closest correlation was observed between the stand age, mean stand diameter, mean stand height and dry matter content in the foliage.

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