ANATOMICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF JUVENILE Schizolobium amazonicum WOOD

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the effects of tree age and of pith-bark and base-top positions on anatomical characteristics, and the effect of age on the chemical components of Schizolobium amazonicum (Paricá wood). The material was obtained from commercial plantations in the states of Maranhão and Pará with ages of 5, 7, 9 and 11 years. The first three logs (2.7 m length each) were obtained from the trees of each age. Only the effect of age was analyzed for the chemical characterization of the wood. The dimensions of the fibers increased along the pith-bark direction, while wall thickness decreased and the length of the fibers increased with aging. The width of the fibers and the lume diameter increased in the base-top direction. Paricá wood presented low extractive and hemicellulose content, and high cellulose content. The anatomical characteristics were more affected by the factors under study than the chemical composition, evidencing that the chemical elements of the wood are more stable with aging in relation to the anatomical characteristics.

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Assessment of Pellets from Three Forest Species: From Raw Material to End Use

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12040447 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 447

Author(s):

Miguel Alfonso Quiñones-Reveles ◽

Víctor Manuel Ruiz-García ◽

Sarai Ramos-Vargas ◽

Benedicto Vargas-Larreta ◽

Omar Masera-Cerutti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Ash Content ◽

Hot Water ◽

Raw Material ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Energy Yield ◽

Cellulose Content ◽

Fixed Carbon ◽

End Use ◽

The Impact

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the relationship between chemical properties, energy efficiency, and emissions of wood and pellets from madroño Arbutus xalapensis Kunth, tázcate Juniperus deppeana Steud, and encino colorado Quercus sideroxyla Humb. & Bonpl. in two gasifiers (top-lit-up-draft (T-LUD) and electricity generation wood camp stove (EGWCS)) in order to determine the reduction of footprint carbon. In accordance with conventional methodologies, we determined the extracts and chemical components (lignin, cellulose, holocellulose), and the immediate analyses were carried out (volatile materials, fixed carbon, ash content and microanalysis of said ash), as well as the evaluation of emission factors (total suspended particulate matter (PM2.5), CO, CO2, CH4, black carbon (BC), elemental carbon (EC), and organic carbon (OC)). The results were statistically analyzed to compare each variable among species and gasifiers. The raw material analyzed showed how the pH ranged from 5.01 to 5.57, and the ash content ranged between 0.39 and 0.53%. The content values of Cu, Zn, Fe, Mg, and Ca ranged from 0.08 to 0.22, 0.18 to 0.19, 0.38 to 0.84, 1.75 to 1.90, and 3.62 to 3.74 mg kg−1, respectively. The extractive ranges from cyclohexane were 2.48–4.79%, acetone 2.42–4.08%, methanol 3.17–7.99%, and hot water 2.12–4.83%. The range of lignin was 18.08–28.60%. The cellulose content ranged from 43.30 to 53.90%, and holocellulose from 53.50 to 64.02%. The volatile material range was 81.2–87.42%, while fixed carbon was 11.30–17.48%; the higher heating value (HHV) of raw material and pellets presented the ranges 17.68–20.21 and 19.72–21.81 MJ kg−1, respectively. Thermal efficiency showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between pellets and gasifiers, with an average of 31% Tier 3 in ISO (International Organization for Standardization) for the T-LUD and 14% (ISO Tier 1) for EGWCS, with Arbutus xalapensis being the species with the highest energy yield. The use of improved combustion devices, as well as that of selected raw material species, can reduce the impact of global warming by up to 33% on a cooking task compared to the three-stone burner.

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Characterization of a Spray-Dried Soymilk Powder and Changes Observed During Storage

Food Science and Technology International ◽

10.1177/1082013209353236 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 169-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

G. Osthoff ◽

A. Hugo ◽

P. van Wyk ◽

M. de Wit ◽

S. Meyer

Keyword(s):

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Storage Temperature ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Protein Composition ◽

Absorption Spectrometry ◽

Proximate Analysis ◽

Powder Particles ◽

High Level

Physical characterization of a soymilk powder was carried out by electron microscopy. Chemical characterization was analyzed by proximate analysis, mineral composition by atomic absorption spectrometry, fatty acid composition by gas chromatography and protein composition by electrophoresis. The powder consists of large granules of 60—80 μm, which may be hollow, with smaller granules of 10—20 μm attached to them. Powder particles are covered by a layer of fat. During storage at 25 °C fat is spreading over the surface, while at —12 °C the fat is contracting. This change affected chemical stability, resulting in high level of fat oxidation when stored at 4 °C or 25 °C as well as a decrease in unsaturated fatty acids. Storage also affected the chemical properties of the re-constituted soymilk; the pH of a 12% soy powder suspension increased from 6.68±0.05 to 7.06±0.08 after 12 months of storage. Storage temperature did not affect the pH of the suspension and this change could also not be ascribed to protein aggregation.

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Electrical and Chemical Characterization of FIB-Deposited Insulators

ISTFA 1997: Conference Proceedings from the 23rd International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis ◽

10.31399/asm.cp.istfa1997p0223 ◽

1997 ◽

Author(s):

A. N. Campbell ◽

D. M. Tanner ◽

J. M. Soden ◽

D. K. Stewart ◽

A. Doyle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Focused Ion Beam ◽

Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry ◽

Ion Beam ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Breakdown Field ◽

Gate Oxides ◽

Spectrometry Analysis ◽

Metal Insulator Metal

Abstract The electrical and chemical properties of insulators produced by codeposition of siloxane compounds or TEOS with oxygen in a focused ion beam (FIB) system were investigated. Metal-insulator-metal capacitor structures were fabricated and tested. Specifically, leakage current and breakdown voltage were measured and used to calculate the effective resistance and breakdown field. Capacitance measurements were performed on a subset of the structures. It was found that the siloxanebased FIB-insulators had superior electrical properties to those based on TEOS. Microbeam Rutherford backscattering spectrometry analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the films and to help understand the differences in electrical behavior as a function of gas chemistry and deposition conditions. Finally, a comparison is made between the results presented here, previous results for FIB-deposited insulators, and typical thermally-grown gate oxides and interlevel dielectric Si02 insulators.

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GC-MS Chemical Characterization of Main Components of Smilax Domingensis Wild. in Cuba

Journal of Agricultural Studies ◽

10.5296/jas.v6i2.13099 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 79 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pilar A. Soledispa ◽

José González ◽

Armando Cuéllar ◽

Julio Pérez ◽

Max Monan

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectra ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Analytical Technique ◽

Main Components ◽

First Time

A preliminary chemical characterization of main components of ethanolic extract with dried rhizomes of Smilax domingensis Wid. that grow in Cuba was done using a GCMS-QP2010 Ultra Shimadzu and the mass spectra of the compounds found in the extract was matched with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) library. After sample derivatization 125 chemical compounds were registered by the equipment and from them, 35 different chemical components were characterized and reported for the first time from this part of the plant in our country. The results demonstrate the developed method could be employed as a rapid and versatile analytical technique for identification of chemical constituents and quality control of Smilax domingensis.

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Nuclear and chemical characterization of heavy actinides

Radiochimica Acta ◽

10.1515/ract-2019-3133 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 107 (9-11) ◽

pp. 803-819

Author(s):

Yuichiro Nagame

Keyword(s):

Recent Progress ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Nuclear Fission ◽

Heavy Nuclei ◽

Nuclear Decay ◽

Decay Properties ◽

History Of ◽

And Chemical Properties

Abstract Recent progress in the production of heavy nuclei far from stability and in the studies of nuclear and chemical properties of heavy actinides is briefly reviewed. Exotic nuclear decay properties including nuclear fission of heavy nuclei, measurements of first ionization potentials of heavy actinides, and redox studies of heavy actinides are described. Brief history of discovery of the transuranium elements is also presented.

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Characterization of Bee Pollen: Physico-Chemical Properties, Headspace Composition and FTIR Spectral Profiles

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10092103 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 2103

Author(s):

Saša Prđun ◽

Lidija Svečnjak ◽

Mato Valentić ◽

Zvonimir Marijanović ◽

Igor Jerković

Keyword(s):

Measurement Data ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Quality Estimation ◽

Bee Pollen ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Spectral Profiles ◽

Almost All ◽

Analytical Tools

Chemical characterization of bee pollen is of great importance for its quality estimation. Multifloral and unifloral bee pollen samples collected from continental, mountain and Adriatic regions of Croatia were analyzed by means of physico-chemical, chromatographic (GC-MS), and spectroscopic (FTIR-ATR) analytical tools, aiming to conduct a comprehensive characterization of bee pollen. The most distinctive unifloral bee pollen with regard to nutritional value was Aesculus hippocastanum (27.26% of proteins), Quercus spp. (52.58% of total sugars), Taraxacumofficinale (19.04% of total lipids), and Prunusavium (3.81% of ash). No statistically significant differences between multifloral and unifloral bee pollen from different regions were found for most of the physico-chemical measurement data, with an exception of melezitose (p = 0.04). Remarkable differences were found among the bee pollen HS VOCs. The major ones were lower aliphatic compounds, monoterpenes (mainly linalool derivatives, especially in Prunusmahaleb and P.avium bee pollen), and benzene derivatives (mainly benzaldehyde in T.officinale and Salix spp.). Aldehydes C9 to C17 were present in almost all samples. FTIR-ATR analysis revealed unique spectral profiles of analyzed bee pollen exhibiting its overall chemical composition arising from molecular vibrations related to major macromolecules—proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates (sugars).

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INFLUÊNCIA DA IDADE E ALTITUDE NAS CARACTERÍSTICAS ANATÔMICAS, QUÍMICAS E DE DENSIDADE BÁSICA DA MADEIRA DE CANDEIA - Eremanthus erythropappus

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v40i4.20334 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Cláudia Lopes Selvati de Oliveira Mori ◽

José Otávio Brito ◽

Mario Tomazello Filho ◽

José Roberto Soares Scolforo ◽

Francides Gomes Junior

Keyword(s):

Basic Density ◽

Tree Age ◽

Stand Age ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Chemical Analyses ◽

Anatomical Characteristics ◽

Random Samples ◽

Total Extractives ◽

Altitude Level ◽

Parenchyma Tissue

O trabalho teve por objetivo: verificar a influência da idade da árvore de candeia sobre os elementos anatômicos, teores de extrativos totais, lignina, cinzas e densidade básica, relacionado a duas condições de relevo (1.000 m e 1.100 m de altitude), em Aiuruoca, Minas Gerais. Em cada área de estudo foram amostradas 15 árvores distribuídas em 3 classes diamétricas, das quais foram retirados discos da base da árvore para determinações da idade, características anatômicas e densidade básica. Os fustes foram reduzidos na forma de cavacos onde foram retiradas amostras aleatórias de material para análises químicas. As características anatômicas das madeiras das duas áreas foram semelhantes, com variações na quantidade de vasos e tamanho de pontoações. As células de óleo apresentaram-se nas células do parênquima radial. A freqüência de vasos foi menor em árvores mais velhas. A densidade básica variou de 0,74 g/cm3 na área com 1.000 m e 0,68 g/cm3 para a área de 1.100 m de altitude, sendo maior em árvores mais velhas. Os teores de extrativos totais, lignina e cinzas, diferiram estatisticamente entre as madeiras das duas áreas estudadas. As árvores mais jovens apresentaram maior teor de material inorgânico; o teor de extrativos totais e de lignina, não foi influenciado pela idade.Palavras-chave:Caracterização anatômica; composição química; densidade básica; Eremanthus erythropappus. AbstractInfluence of altitude and stand age on basic density, anatomical, and chemical characteristics of candeia wood - Eremanthus erythropappus. This work aimed to study the influence of tree age and altitude on some anatomical elements characteristics (basic density, total extractives, lignin, and leached ashes) of candeia wood. The sampled trees were collected in the Aiuruoca County, Minas Gersis State, Brazil, in two different altitudes (1,000 and 1,100m above sea level). From each altitude level 15 trees, enclosed in 3 diametric classes, were cut. Disks were taken from the trunk base of each tree in order to determine the age, the anatomical characteristics, and the basic density. Random samples from the trees trunks were collected for the chemical analyses. The wood density varied from 0.74 to 0.68 g/cm3 in the trees collected at 1,000 and 1,100m of altitude respectively, being higher in the older trees. The wood anatomical characteristics of both sites were similar, with some variations in the amount of vases and pit sizes. Oily cells were observed in the radial parenchyma tissue. The vases frequency was lower in the older trees. The content of total extractives, amount of lignin, and leached ashes were statistically different in the two studied sites. The youngest trees presented higher leached ashes content; total extractives and lignin were not influenced by tree age.Keywords:Anatomical characterization; chemical components; basic density; Eremanthus erythropappus.

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SIFAT KIMIA TIGA JENIS KAYU RAKYAT

Jurnal Riset Industri Hasil Hutan ◽

10.24111/jrihh.v3i1.1185 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 24

Author(s):

Yuniarti Yuniarti

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Pulp And Paper ◽

Raw Material ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Social Forestry ◽

Cellulose Content ◽

Sample Result ◽

Better Than

The objective of this study was to determine the chemical components of three kinds of social forestry timber of Jengkol, Madang, and Bangkinang, where wood samples was procured from Loksado South Kalimantan. The analysis was conducted according to TAPPI Standard with three replications for each sample. Result shows that Jengkol wood contained 44.73% of cellulose, 79.19% of holocellulose, 32.14% of lignin, 4.08% of extractive and 3.42% of ash. Madang wood contained 45.02% of cellulose, 80.05% of holocellulose, 31.60% of lignin, 4.06% of extractive and 4.59% of ash. Bangkinang wood contained 45.76% of cellulose, 72.84% of holocellulose, 20.90% of lignin, 2.89% of extractive and 3.9% of ash. This research indicated that among three social forestry timber investigated, the Bangkinang wood is better than two others as sources of raw material for pulp and paper due to the highest cellulose content and lowest lignin and extractives contents.Keywords: chemical properties, Jengkol, Madang, Bangkinang

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Physical and Chemical Compositional Characterization of Six Apple Cultivars

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.971-973.131 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 971-973 ◽

pp. 131-134

Author(s):

Xian Jun Meng ◽

Li Yan Gong ◽

Guo Hui Huang ◽

Nai Qiao Liu ◽

Jin Feng Bi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Apple Varieties ◽

Physical Attributes ◽

Apple Cultivars ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Compositional Characterization ◽

And Chemical Properties

Physical and chemical properties of 6 apple varieties were measured to gain the variations. The qualities of apples are important for the consumer. These quality attributes can be described by colour, texture and physical attributes such as size and shape. Individual sugars, organic acids, and vitamin C were quantified in six apple cultivars with same soil, climatic conditions and altitudes. The results showed physical and chemical characterization existed different variance in apple varieties, the variance ranged from 6.1% to 109.05%. Fructose was the most dominant sugar in the different apple cultivars, followed by glucose and sucrose, while malic acid was the principal organic acid.

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Characterization of Physical and Chemical Evaluation on Six Apple Varieties

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.1954 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 807-809 ◽

pp. 1954-1959

Author(s):

Li Yan Gong ◽

Bin Li ◽

Jin Feng Bi ◽

Sha Sha Bai ◽

Xian Jun Meng

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Principal Component ◽

Hierarchical Cluster ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Apple Varieties ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

Physical and chemical characterization of 6 apple varieties (Early Golden Delicious, Jonagold, Hanfu, Ralls, Rainier and Fuji) from China was performed using pattern recognition tools. Measurements were taken on 12 parameters including weigh, colour, fruit firmness, crude fiber, total soluble solids, titration acid, water, Vitamin C, edible rate and juice yield .The results showed that physical and chemical properties existed different variance in apple varieties. The coefficient of variance of 12 properties was from 2.15% to 69.04%. The different apple varieties were investigated by principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). PCA revealed that the first four components represented 95.13% of the total variability in properties and different apple groups. HCA classified samples into three groups on the basis of the physical and chemical properties.

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