scholarly journals INCORPORATION OF UNCERTAINTY IN TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF A FELLER-BUNCHER

FLORESTA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 403
Author(s):  
Danilo Simões ◽  
Ricardo Hideaki Miyajima ◽  
Rodrigo Petrongari Tonin ◽  
Paulo Torres Fenner ◽  
Gislaine Cristina Batistela
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
P Value ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Technical And Economic Analysis ◽  
Positive Correlation Coefficient

The constant technical and economic analysis of timber harvesting operations is essential and determining, due to the monetary magnitude. Traditionally, these analyses are conducted deterministically, which does not allow obtaining values with probabilities of occurrence. Considering this issue, stochastic models were built in order to analyze the behavior of probabilistic production cost in felling operations with feller-buncher, through the Monte Carlo method. The study was conducted in the Central-West region of the state of São Paulo in a forest of Eucalyptus sp., with six years of age, planted in 3 x 2 m spacing. Technical analysis was based on the study of time and movements, which determined the effective productivity and economy in the hourly operating cost of the feller-buncher and in the production costs of the operation. Due to uncertainties, probability distributions were assigned to these results, which identified the most relevant variables and quantified the probabilities of the production cost. The results demonstrated that the fuel cost had a statistically significant strong positive correlation coefficient ( = 0.91) (p-value < 0.01). The hourly cost, consequently, was directly proportional to the production cost of the operation. The production cost of the operation in flat relief was 18% lower than the production cost of the operation in undulating relief.

PROFITABILITAS USAHA PETERNAKAN AYAM BROILER DENGAN TIPE KANDANG YANG BERBEDA

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Mukminah ◽  
Rita Purwasih
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Different Types

This study aims to determine and compare the profitability of different types of broiler chicken farms (open and cloused houses) in Subang Regency. This study involved 9 farmers consisting of 5 farmers with closed house and 4 farmers with open house who partnered with PT. Surya Unggas Mandiri (PT. SUM). Production costs taken are 2 production periods from May-August 2018. Data are analyzed using economic analysis and descriptive methods. The results showed that the production cost per period per 1000 birds closed house was higher (Rp. 27.656.768,-) compared to open house (Rp. 24.975.671,-). The revenue per period per 1000 birds of closed house is higher (Rp. 30.606.931,-) compared to open house (Rp. 25.788.618,-). The profit of farmers who use closed house is higher (Rp. 2.621/period/bird) than open house (Rp.417,-). The profitability in close house s is 9.48% and is very feasible to develop

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Analysis of Biodiesel Production from Microbial Oil Using Cardoon Stalks as Carbon Source

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1473
Author(s):  
Marco Castellini ◽  
Stefano Ubertini ◽  
Diego Barletta ◽  
Ilaria Baffo ◽  
Pietro Buzzini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Microbial Oil ◽  
Lipid Yield

Today one of the most interesting ways to produce biodiesel is based on the use of oleaginous microorganisms, which can accumulate microbial oil with a composition similar to vegetable oils. In this paper, we present a thermo-chemical numerical model of the yeast biodiesel production process, considering cardoon stalks as raw material. The simulation is performed subdividing the process into the following sections: steam explosion pre-treatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, lipid production, lipid extraction, and alkali-catalyzed transesterification. Numerical results show that 406.4 t of biodiesel can be produced starting from 10,000 t of lignocellulosic biomass. An economic analysis indicates a biodiesel production cost of 12.8 USD/kg, thus suggesting the need to increase the capacity plant and the lipid yield to make the project economically attractive. In this regard, a sensitivity analysis is also performed considering an ideal lipid yield of 22% and 100,000 t of lignocellulosic biomass. The biodiesel production costs related to these new scenarios are 7.88 and 5.91 USD/kg, respectively. The large capacity plant combined with a great lipid yield in the fermentation stage shows a biodiesel production cost of 3.63 USD/kg making the product competitive on the current market of biofuels by microbial oil.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PRODUCTION COST, SALES VOLUME, DAN WORKING CAPITAL TERHADAP NET PROFITS PERUSAHAAN ( STUDI KASUS PADA PERUSAHAAN FOOD AND BEVERAGE YANG TERCATAT DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA ( BEI) PERIODE 2014 - 2018)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-72
Author(s):  
Indah Ayu Rachmawati ◽  
Alean Kistiani Hegy Suryana ◽  
Yunita Niqrisah Dwi Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sales Volume ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRAK   Dalam penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui dampak dari Production Cost ( Biaya Produksi) , dampak Sales Volume ( Volume Penjualan) dan dampak Working Capital (Modal Kerja) terhadap Net Pr0fits (Laba bersih) pada perusahaan Food and Beverage yang tercatat di (BEI) Bursa Efek Indonesia dari 2014 sampai 2018 . Variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini adalah Produstion Cost, Sales Volume, Working Capital, and Net Profits. Hasil penelitian ini antara lain yaitu secara parsial Production Cost (X1) terhadap Net Profits (Y) menunjukkan thitung sebesar 0.502 dan p-value (Sig) 0.618 lebih besar dari alpha 5%. Artinya terdapat dampak positif dan juga tidak signifikan antara Production Cost (X1) dan Net Profits (Y). Pengaruh Sales Volume (X2) terhadap Net Profits (Y) menunjukkan nilai thitung 6.352 dan p value (sig) sebesar 0.000 yang lebih kecil dari alpha 5%. Artinya ada dampak positif dan juga signifikan antara Sales Volume (X2) terhadap Net Profits(Y). Pengaruh Working Capital (X3) terhadap Net Profits(Y). menunjukkan nilai thitung 8.920 dan p value (sig) sebesar 0.000 yang lebih kecil dari alpha 5%. Artinya ada dampak positif dan juga signifikan antara Working Capital (X3) terhadap Net Profits (Y). Secara bersama – sama atau secara simultan bahwa Pengaruh Production Costs (X1), Sales Volume (X2), Working (X3) terhadap Net Profits (Y) menunjukkan Fhitung 144.507 dan p value (sig) sebesar 0.000 yang lebih kecil dari alpha 5%. Artinya ada pengaruh positif dan juga signifikan antara Production Cost (X1), Sales Volume (X2), Working Capital (X3) terhadap Net Profits (Y) secara bersama – sama.     ABSTRACT This analysis has the aim of being able to determine the impact or break-even of production costs, sales volume, and working capital on Food and Beverage companies that have net profits and these companies are listed on the Indonesia Stock ExchangeThe independent variables in this study are Production Cost, Sales Volume, Working Capital, and Net Profits. The results of this study, among others, were partially Production Cost (X1) to Net Profits (Y), which showed that the tcount was 0.502 and the p-value (Sig) 0.618 was greater than 5% alpha. This means that there is a positive and insignificant impact between Production Cost (X1) and Net Profits (Y). The effect of Sales Volume (X2) on Net Profits (Y) shows a tcount of 6,352 and a p value (sig) of 0.000 which is smaller than 5% alpha. This means that there is a positive and significant impact between Sales Volume (X2) on Net Profits (Y). Effect of Working Capital (X3) on Net Profits (Y). shows the value of t count 8.920 and p value (sig) of 0.000 which is smaller than alpha 5%. This means that there   is a positive and significant impact between Working Capital (X3) and Net Profits (Y). Together or simultaneously, the effect of Production Costs (X1), Sales Volume (X2), Working (X3) on Net Profits (Y) shows Fcount of 144.507 and p value (sig) of 0.000 which is smaller than alpha 5%. This means that there is a positive and significant influence between Production Cost (X1), Sales Volume (X2), Working Capital (X3) on Net Profits (Y) together.  

A Technical and Economic Analysis of Pig Iron Production

2010 ◽  
Vol 638-642 ◽  
pp. 3291-3296
Author(s):  
Edyta Kardas
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Iron Production ◽  
Pig Iron ◽  
Blast Furnace Process ◽  
Furnace Process ◽  
Technical And Economic Analysis ◽  
Operation Parameters

Blast furnace work involves the flow of enormous volumes of raw materials. Modifications of the blast furmace operation parameters can bring about savings connected with materials consumption and also a reduction of production costs. The continuous technical-economic analysis of this process enables changes in the process to be observed by means of simple indexes. In this article, a technical-economic analysis of the blast furnace process is presented. It is based on the results of a Polish blast furnace with an overall capacity of 3200m3.

scholarly journals Economic feasibility of abscisic acid application to uniform ‘Rubi’ grapes coloration

2021 ◽  
pp. 209-214
Author(s):  
Francisco José Domingues Neto ◽  
Katia Nachiluk ◽  
Priscilla Rocha Silva Fagundes ◽  
Marco Antonio Tecchio
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Operational Cost ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
Thermal Amplitude ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

São Miguel Arcanjo municipality (23º 31 ’S, 47º 35’ O and average altitude of 660 m) is part of one of the three main grape productive regions of São Paulo state, Brazil. The ‘Rubi’ grapes (Vitis vinifera) production constraint in that region is to achieve the variety characteristic coloration, which affects commercialization. The color of the berry grapes is due to the existence of anthocyanins and their accumulation seems to be at least in part regulated by abscisic acid. Therefore, exogenous applications of this regulator may increase the anthocyanins concentration in the grapes' skin. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the economic feasibility of abscisic acid application for treatment of the ‘Rubi’ grapes color uniformization and the impact of this application in the production cost. Production costs were calculated for the abscisic acid treated grapes and the non-treated grapes for a ‘Rubi’ grapes variety in the sixth year of production and recommended abscisic acid concentration for the region (400 mg L-1 at the beginning of the maturation + 200 mg L-1 at 25 days after first application). The abscisic acid was applied on the berry bunches in the morning using a backpack sprayer that provided full and uniform coverage. Economic feasibility was determined by the increment in the sale price of the final product due to the berries’ quality achieved with the treatment. The cost components measured were: production cost, variable and fixed cost quota, effective operational cost, total operational cost, operational profit and profitability index. Technical coefficients input prices, machinery and implements compose the production cost and were surveyed at the property where the experiment was performed. The cost structure is the Total Operating Cost to which social charges, machinery depreciation, interest rate and depreciation of a one-hectare area with a lifespan of 20 years were added. Prices paid to producers in the same period were collected from CEAGESP database for the profitability analysis. The Total Operating Cost for grape’s production with abscisic acid treatment was 26.12 % superior to the one of the grapes produced without the treatment, thus adding a US$ 0.15 increment in the paid price per kilogram of the final product. Therefore, this experiment has shown that abscisic acid application is a profitable investment that adds value to the final product cultivated in low thermal amplitude regions where the grapes cannot achieve the variety’s characteristic coloration

scholarly journals MODELING OF FORWARDER PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS IN THINNED PINE STANDS

FLORESTA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Krulikowski Rodrigues ◽  
Eduardo Da Silva Lopes ◽  
Afonso Figueiredo Filho ◽  
Matheus Kaminski Cândido Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Cycle Time ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Time Motion ◽  
Operational Variables ◽  
Load Volume ◽  
Estimate Standard Error

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the influence of some operational variables on the forwarder productivity and production cost in thinned Pinus taeda L. stands by means of mathematical modeling. This study was carried out in a forest company located at Quedas do Iguaçu, state of Paraná, Brazil. Two stands at 9 and 10 years old from sites with high productivity and similar soil and relief features were studied. A time-motion study was applied to determine the operational cycle time, operational efficiency, productivity, and production costs. By means of mathematical modeling, we verified the influence of the variables: age of stand; cycle time; load volume; and extraction distance on the forwarder productivity and production costs. Models were fitted for estimating the forwarder productivity using cycle time, load volume, and extraction distance. Thus, we obtained the determination adjusted coefficients of 0.88 and 0.94, with an estimate standard error between 6.9% and 13.5%. Models for estimating production cost through the load volume variable presented a determination coefficient of 0.64 and 0.86, with an estimate standard error of 23.1% and 26.7%. Such results have shown the possibility of using mathematical models to estimate the performance of forest machines as a tool for planning the timber harvesting operations.

Immaterial Cost and Production: Maximum Production Cost Level Through Marginal Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-149
Author(s):  
Dini Maulana Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Marginal Cost ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Sugar Factory ◽  
Maximum Production ◽  
Cost Approach ◽  
South Sulawesi

This paper will discuss about the immaterial costs and production yields at one of the refined sugar factory companies in Makassar, South Sulawesi. The theory is based on the fact that Immaterial is a cost that is almsgiving, meaning costs that are outside of the basic costs of the company in producing production, so this research aims to find out: (1) what is the production cost needed to produce this production, (2) the maximum level of production at company from 2013 to 2017. This type of research is a quantitative study because it uses a questionnaire in the form of values ​​that are processed using the marginal cost approach formula. The results of the analysis show that (1) the maximum level of production costs occurred in 2016 amounting to 6,912 with an Immaterial cost of Rp. 2,481,796,800 and the total production produced is 359,077.3 tons (2) The required workforce with the total production produced is 359,077.3 tones of 180 people including the maximum production point which means that the lowest value is achieved (optimal).    

MINIMALISASI BIAYA SIMPAN DAN BIAYA SETUP PADA MULTIPLE PRODUK: SIMULASI DENGAN CAPACITATED LOT SIZING PROBLEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-214
Author(s):  
Erika Fatma
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Lot Sizing ◽  
Setup Time ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Product Cycle ◽  
Lot Size ◽  
Setup Costs ◽  
Lot Sizing Problem ◽  
Capacitated Lot Sizing

Lot sizing problem in production planning aims to optimize production costs (processing, setup and holding cost) by fulfilling demand and resources capacity costraint. The Capacitated Lot sizing Problem (CLSP) model aims to balance the setup costs and inventory costs to obtain optimal total costs. The object of this study was a plastic component manufacturing company. This study use CLSP model, considering process costs, holding costs and setup costs, by calculating product cycle and setup time. The constraint of this model is the production time capacity and the storage capacity of the finished product. CLSP can reduce the total production cost by 4.05% and can reduce setup time by 46.75%.  Keyword: Lot size, CLSP, Total production cost.

Correlation of AGR2 expression with the incidence of metastasis in luminal breast cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
David Samuel Kereh ◽  
John Pieter ◽  
William Hamdani ◽  
Haryasena Haryasena ◽  
Daniel Sampepajung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Luminal Breast Cancer ◽  
P Value ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spearman Test

BACKGROUND: AGR2 expression is associated with luminal breast cancer. Overexpression of AGR2 is a predictor of poor prognosis. Several studies have found correlations between AGR2 in disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in breast cancer patients. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the correlation between anterior Gradient2 (AGR2) expression with the incidence of distant metastases in luminal breast cancer. METHODS: This study was an observational study using a cross-sectional method and was conducted at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital and the network. ELISA methods examine AGR2 expression from blood serum of breast cancer patients. To compare the AGR2 expression in metastatic patients and the non-metastatic patient was tested with Mann Whitney test. The correlation of AGR2 expression and metastasis was tested with the Rank Spearman test. RESULTS: The mean value of AGR2 antibody expression on ELISA in this study was 2.90 ± 1.82 ng/dl, and its cut-off point was 2.1 ng/dl. Based on this cut-off point value, 14 subjects (66.7%) had overexpression of AGR2 serum ELISA, and 7 subjects (33.3%) had not. The mean value AGR2 was significantly higher in metastatic than not metastatic, 3.77 versus 1.76 (p < 0.01). The Spearman rank test obtained a p-value for the 2 tail test of 0.003 (p < 0.05), which showed a significant correlation of both, while the correlation coefficient of 0.612 showed a strong positive correlation of AGR2 overexpression and metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: AGR2 expression is correlated with metastasis in Luminal breast cancer.

Technical and economic analysis of an advanced multi-stage flash crystallizer for the treatment of concentrated brine

Desalination ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 503 ◽  
pp. 114925
Author(s):  
David von Eiff ◽  
Pak Wai Wong ◽  
Yonggang Gao ◽  
Sanghyun Jeong ◽  
Alicia Kyoungjin An
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Technical And Economic Analysis
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