Oxygen-Hafnium-Neodymium Isotope Constraints on the Origin of the Talnakh Ultramafic-Mafic Intrusion (Norilsk Province, Russia)

Abstract The ultramafic-mafic Talnakh intrusion in the Norilsk province (Russia) hosts one of the world’s major platinum group element (PGE)-Cu-Ni sulfide deposits. This study employed a multitechnique approach, including in situ Hf-O isotope analyses of zircon combined with whole-rock Nd isotope data, in order to gain new insights into genesis of the Talnakh economic intrusion. Zircons from gabbrodiorite, gabbroic rocks of the layered series, and ultramafic rocks have similar mantle-like mean δ18O values (5.39 ± 0.49‰, n = 27; 5.64 ± 0.48‰, n = 34; and 5.28 ± 0.34‰, n = 7, respectively), consistent with a mantle-derived origin for the primary magma(s) parental to the Talnakh intrusion. In contrast, a sulfide-bearing taxitic-textured troctolite from the basal part of intrusion has high δ18O (mean of 6.50‰, n = 3), indicating the possible involvement of a crustal component during the formation of sulfide-bearing taxitic-textured rocks. The Hf isotope compositions of zircon from different rocks of the Talnakh intrusion show significant variations, with ɛHf(t) values ranging from –3.2 to 9.8 for gabbrodiorite, from –4.3 to 11.6 for unmineralized layered-sequence gabbroic rocks, from 2.3 to 12 for mineralized ultramafic rocks, and from –3.5 to 8.8 for mineralized taxitic-textured rocks at the base of the intrusion. The significant range in the initial 176Hf/177Hf values is ascribed to interaction of distinct magma sources during formation of the Talnakh intrusion. These include (1) a juvenile source equivalent to the depleted mantle, (2) a subcontinental lithospheric source, and (3) a minor crustal component. Initial whole-rock Nd isotope compositions of the mineralized taxitic-textured rocks from the base of the intrusion (mean ɛNd(t) = –1.5 ± 1.8) differ from the other rocks, which have relatively restricted ranges in initial ɛNd (mean ɛNd = 0.9 ± 0.2). The major set of ɛNd values around 1.0 at Talnakh is attributed to limited crustal contamination, presumably in deep magma chambers, whereas the smaller set of negative ɛNd values in taxitic-textured rocks is consistent with greater involvement of a crustal component and reflects an interaction with the wall rocks during emplacement.

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Understanding the role of accessory minerals in the Sm-Nd isotopic evolution of ancient rocks: An in-situ LA-(MC)-ICP-MS approach

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-9103 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Johannes Hammerli

Keyword(s):

Hf Isotope ◽

Nd Isotope ◽

Accessory Minerals ◽

Icp Ms ◽

Isotopic Evolution ◽

Magma Sources ◽

Mantle Reservoir ◽

Isotope System

The long-lived radiogenic isotope systems Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd have been widely used by geochemists to study magma sources and crustal residential times of (igneous) rocks in order to understand how early crust formed and to model the production rate and volume of continental crust on global and regional-scales during the last ~4.4 Ga. However, while throughout most of Earth&#8217;s history Nd and Hf isotope signatures in terrestrial rocks are well correlated due to their very similar geochemical behavior, some of Earth&#8217;s oldest rocks show an apparent inconsistency in their Nd and Hf isotope signatures. While Hf isotopes in early Archean rocks are generally (near) chondritic, Nd isotope signatures can be distinctly super- or sub-chondritic. The super-chondritic Nd isotope values in Eoarchean samples would suggest that these rocks are derived from a mantle reservoir depleted by prior crust extraction. The chondritic Hf isotope values, on the other hand, support a mantle source from which no significant volume of crust had been extracted. While a range of different processes, some of them speculative, might explain this Hf-Nd isotope paradox, recent research [1, 2] has shown that relatively simple, post-magmatic, open-system processes can explain decoupling of the typically correlative Hf-Nd isotope signatures. This talk will focus on the importance of identifying Nd-bearing accessory minerals in (Archean) rocks to understand how the Sm-Nd isotope system is controlled and how in situ isotope and trace element analyses by LA-(MC)-ICP-MS in combination with detailed petrographic observations help to understand when and via which processes the two isotope systems become decoupled. Reconstructing the isotopic evolution of the different isotope systems since formation of the protoliths has important implications for our understanding of early crust formation and questions some of the proposed current models for early crust extraction from the mantle.&#160;[1] Hammerli et al. (2019) Chem. Geol 2; [2] Fisher et al. (2020) EPSL

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Geochemical constraints on the petrogenesis of the Proterozoic granitoid gneisses from the eastern segment of the Central Tianshan Tectonic Zone, northwestern China

Geological Magazine ◽

10.1017/s0016756806002688 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 144 (2) ◽

pp. 305-317 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

QIUGEN LI ◽

SHUWEN LIU ◽

ZONGQI WANG ◽

QUANREN YAN ◽

ZHAOJIE GUO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Partial Melting ◽

Minor Amount ◽

Tectonic Zone ◽

Depleted Mantle ◽

Eastern Segment ◽

Tectonic Zones ◽

Granitoid Gneisses ◽

A Minor ◽

T Values ◽

Ree Patterns

The Tianshan orogen is divided into the Northern, Central and Southern Tianshan tectonic zones by the northern and southern sutures on both sides of the Central Tianshan Tectonic Zone. The eastern segment of the Central Tianshan Tectonic Zone is characterized by the presence of numerous Precambrian metamorphic blocks and is unconformably overlain by Ordovician–Silurian and late Palaeozoic strata. The Precambrian Kumishi and Pargantag metamorphic blocks are the largest older blocks in the eastern segment of the Central Tianshan Tectonic Zone, consisting mainly of metamorphic granitoids and sedimentary rocks in greenschist to amphibolite facies. There are two major lithological assemblages of the metamorphic granitoids: (1) quartz dioritic gneisses, and (2) granodioritic–monzogranitic gneisses with a minor amount of tonalitic and syenogranitic gneisses in both the Kumishi and Pargantag blocks. The quartz dioritic gneisses are characterized by low Sr/Ce (<5.3) and Sr/Y (<28), relatively high Mg no. (51.0–57.0), K2O (2.65–4.04 wt %) contents and εNd(t) values (−2.37–5.84), and negative Nb and Zr–Hf anomalies, as well as relatively flat chondrite-normalized REE patterns with slightly negative Eu anomalies, suggesting that the quartz dioritic gneisses were derived from partial melting of a depleted mantle source enriched by fluids and sedimentary melts from the subducted slab. However, most of granitic gneiss samples display high K2O contents, low Al2O3/(FeO* + MgO + TiO2) values, and relatively flat chondrite-normalized REE patterns with intensively negative Eu anomalies. Integrated low εNd(t) values and older TDM model ages suggest that crustal materials played a significant role in the petrogenesis of these granitoid gneisses and that they were mainly derived from the partial melting of calc-alkaline mafic to intermediate rocks in the crust. Also, variations in geochemical features between the Kumishi–Gangou and Pargantag regions, such as Zr and Hf, may reflect geographic variability in the development of coeval granitic magmas. Tectonic discrimination for granitoid, using trace elements, together with Nd isotopic data, demonstrates that these granitoid gneisses in the eastern segment of the Central Tianshan Tectonic Zone formed in a continental margin arc during late Mesoproterozoic times.

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New zircon radiometric U-Pb ages and Lu-Hf isotopic data from the ultramafic-mafic sequences of Ranau and Telupid (Sabah, eastern Malaysia): Time to reconsider the geological evolution of Southeast Asia?

Geology ◽

10.1130/g48126.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Basilios Tsikouras ◽

Chun-Kit Lai ◽

Elena Ifandi ◽

Nur’Aqidah Norazme ◽

Chee-Hui Teo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ultramafic Rocks ◽

Crustal Material ◽

Isotopic Data ◽

Backarc Basin ◽

Crustal Component ◽

Sulu Sea ◽

Potential Source ◽

Depleted Mantle ◽

Geological Evolution ◽

Mantle Reservoir

New zircon U-Pb geochronology from a peridotite suite near Ranau and the Telupid ophiolite in Sabah, eastern Malaysia, contradict previous studies, which assumed that the Sabah mafic-ultramafic rocks are largely ophiolitic and Jurassic–Cretaceous in age. We show that these rocks formed during a magmatic episode in the Miocene (9.2–10.5 Ma), which is interpreted to reflect infiltration of melts and melt-rock reaction in the Ranau subcontinental peridotites during extension, and concurrent seafloor spreading forming the Telupid ophiolite further south. Older zircons from the Ranau peridotites have Cretaceous, Devonian, and Neoproterozoic ages. Zircon Lu-Hf isotopic data suggest their derivation from a depleted mantle. However, significant proportions of crustal components have been incorporated in their genesis, as evidenced by their less-radiogenic Hf signature compared to a pristine mantle reservoir. The involvement of a crustal component is consistent with our interpreted continental setting for the Ranau peridotite and formation in a narrow backarc basin for the Telupid ophiolite. We infer that the Sulu Sea, which was expanding throughout much of the Miocene, may have extended to the southwest into central Sabah. The Telupid oceanic strand formed during the split, collapse, and rollback of the Sulu arc due to the subduction of the Celebes Sea beneath Sabah. Incorporation of the Sulu arc in the evolving Miocene oceanic basin is a potential source to explain the involvement of crustal material in the zircon evolution of the Telupid ophiolite.

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Evidence of crustal contamination of mafic rocks associated with rapakivi rocks: an example from the Nordingrå complex, Central Sweden

Geological Magazine ◽

10.1017/s0016756801005672 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 138 (4) ◽

pp. 371-386 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

ANDERS LINDH ◽

ULF BERTIL ANDERSSON ◽

THOMAS LUNDQVIST ◽

STEFAN CLAESSON

Keyword(s):

Trace Element ◽

Crustal Contamination ◽

Incompatible Trace Element ◽

Primitive Mantle ◽

Nd Isotope ◽

East Central ◽

Enriched Mantle ◽

Depleted Mantle ◽

Two Parameters ◽

Isotope Analyses

Gabbro and leucogabbro are volumetrically important rocks in the Nordingrå rapakivi complex, East Central Sweden. Plagioclase, ortho- and clinopyroxenes, and olivine dominate the gabbro. Perthitic orthoclase and quartz are interstitial in relation to the major minerals. The present work is based on 232 major-element and a large number of trace element analyses together with 15 whole rock Sm–Nd isotope analyses of the Nordingrå gabbroic rocks. εNd(T) values are negative, −1.1 to −3.2; the most negative values come from the gabbro. Most rocks are enriched in iron, some extremely enriched; none represent primitive mantle melts. The range of Mg-numbers is the same in the gabbro and the leucogabbro. Plots of the Ni-content vs. the Mg-number are scattered, but there is a positive correlation between these two parameters. The primary mantle-normalized ratios between similar trace elements are normally strongly different from one. Values larger as well as smaller than one are found for the same ratio in different rocks. The rare earth elements are only weakly fractionated with small Eu anomalies, negative for the gabbros and positive for the leucogabbros. The primary magma of the Nordingrå gabbro-anorthosite is thought to have been derived from a mildly depleted mantle source. Variations in the degree of partial melting of a reasonably homogeneous enriched mantle do not explain the observed chemical evolution. Crystal differentiation can account for some geochemical features, especially the Fe-enrichment. Crustal contamination is required by other characteristics as, for example, the negative εNd(T) values and the irregular and sometimes high primary-mantle normalized incompatible trace-element ratios. Al-rich relic material from the formation of the rapakivi granite melt is another source of assimilation. Most probably contaminants are heterogeneous, including undepleted crust (represented, for example, by early Svecofennian and Archaean granitoids), depleted crust (restitic after rapakivi magma extraction), and to some degree the associated rapakivi magma itself. Significant parts of this crust should be Archaean in age.

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The Hf-Nd dichotomy: constraints from felsic, mafic and ultramafic rocks in the western Dharwar Craton, India

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-21119 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Arathy Ravindran ◽

Klaus Mezger ◽

Srinivasan Balakrishnan

Keyword(s):

Dharwar Craton ◽

Ultramafic Rocks ◽

Earth Planet ◽

Nd Isotope ◽

Basaltic Rocks ◽

Mantle Evolution ◽

Depleted Mantle ◽

Greenstone Belts ◽

Ree Patterns ◽

Different Levels

The Hf-Nd dichotomy: constraints from felsic, mafic and ultramafic rocks in the western Dharwar Craton, India Arathy Ravindran1*, Klaus Mezger1, S. Balakrishnan21Institut f&#252;r Geologie, Universit&#228;t Bern, Bern, Switzerland2Department of Earth Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India(*correspondence: [email protected])The small extend of exposed Hadean-Paleoarchaean (>3.2 Ga) rocks in the global record poses a major challenge in interpreting Earth&#8217;s early crust-mantle evolution. This results in major uncertainty in the degree and extent of heterogeneity of the Archaean mantle (e.g. Nebel et al., 2014). Isotope systems like 176Lu-176Hf and 147Sm-143Nd are powerful tools in tracing the degree of mantle depletion and the influence of concomitant continental crust formation. However, these isotope systems are apparently decoupled in Archaean ultramafic rocks (e.g. Hoffmann and Wilson, 2017). Hence, the Hf-Nd isotope dichotomy in ultramafic rocks requires a detailed study of cratonic areas hosting granitoids spatially associated with greenstone belts and ultramafic rocks, as it is the case in the western Dharwar Craton (~3.4 Ga) of India.The 3.25 Ga old rhyolitic to basaltic rocks of the craton that have flat, mantle-like REE patterns also have 147Sm-143Nd and 176Lu-176Hf signatures &#8216;coupled&#8217; along a trend &#603;176Hf = 1.55 * &#603;143Nd + 1.21 (Vervoort et al., 2011). The minor depletion recorded in these rocks is a result of mixing at different levels between a 3.6 Ga old mafic crust (Ravindran et al., 2020) and the contemporary depleted mantle. The tonalite-trodhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) gneisses have similar isotope ratios and their petrogenesis involved the mafic crust until 3.3 Ga, after which reworked crust was the major component. Komatiitic rocks (MgO=15-30%; Na2O+K2O <1%; (Gd/Yb)N=0.6-1.8) with an age of 3.35 Ga have high and variable initial &#603;Hf (+3 to +20) compared to their initial &#603;Nd (+1.0 to +3.5). These ultramafic rocks have decoupled Hf-Nd signatures which is uncommon for the mafic and felsic rocks in the craton. This further shows that the mantle composition was more heterogeneous in the early Archaean than today. It is also possible that the presence of garnet in the mantle source was an important parameter which influenced the composition of the early Archaean crust.&#160;&#160;References:Hoffmann, J. E., Wilson, A. H., 2017. Chem. Geo. 455, 6-21Nebel, O., Campbell, I. H., Sossi, P. A., Van Kranendonk, M. J., 2014. Earth. Planet. Sci. Lett. 397, 111-120Ravindran, A., Mezger, K., Balakrishnan, S., Kooijman, E., Schmitt, M., Berndt, J., 2020. Prec. Res. 337Vervoort, J., Plank, T., Prytulak, J., 2011. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 75, 5903-5926

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In-situ reaction-replacement origin of hornblendites in the Early Cretaceous Laiyuan complex, North China Craton, and implications for its tectono-magmatic evolution

Journal of Petrology ◽

10.1093/petrology/egab030 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jia Chang ◽

Andreas Audétat ◽

Jian-Wei Li

Keyword(s):

Partial Melting ◽

North China Craton ◽

Lithospheric Mantle ◽

Lower Crust ◽

North China ◽

Ultramafic Rocks ◽

Magmatic Evolution ◽

Mafic Magmas ◽

Felsic Rocks

Abstract Two suites of amphibole-rich mafic‒ultramafic rocks associated with the voluminous intermediate to felsic rocks in the Early Cretaceous Laiyuan intrusive-volcanic complex (North China Craton) are studied here by detailed petrography, mineral- and melt inclusion chemistry, and thermobarometry to demonstrate an in-situ reaction-replacement origin of the hornblendites. Moreover, a large set of compiled and newly obtained geochronological and whole-rock elemental and Sr-Nd isotopic data are used to constrain the tectono-magmatic evolution of the Laiyuan complex. Early mafic‒ultramafic rocks occur mainly as amphibole-rich mafic‒ultramafic intrusions situated at the edge of the Laiyuan complex. These intrusions comprise complex lithologies of olivine-, pyroxene- and phlogopite-bearing hornblendites and various types of gabbroic rocks, which largely formed by in-situ crystallization of hydrous mafic magmas that experienced gravitational settling of early-crystallized olivine and clinopyroxene at low pressures of 0.10‒0.20 GPa (∼4‒8 km crustal depth); the hornblendites formed in cumulate zones by cooling-driven crystallization of 55‒75 vol% hornblende, 10‒20 vol% orthopyroxene and 3‒10 vol% phlogopite at the expense of olivine and clinopyroxene. A later suite of mafic rocks occurs as mafic lamprophyre dikes throughout the Laiyuan complex. These dikes occasionally contain some pure hornblendite xenoliths, which formed by reaction-replacement of clinopyroxene at high pressures of up to 0.97‒1.25 GPa (∼37‒47 km crustal depth). Mass balance calculations suggest that the olivine-, pyroxene- and phlogopite-bearing hornblendites in the early mafic‒ultramafic intrusions formed almost without melt extraction, whereas the pure hornblendites brought up by lamprophyre dikes required extraction of ≥ 20‒30 wt% residual andesitic to dacitic melts. The latter suggests that fractionation of amphibole in the middle to lower crust through the formation of reaction-replacement hornblendites is a viable way to produce adakite-like magmas. New age constraints suggest that the early mafic-ultramafic intrusions formed during ∼132‒138 Ma, which overlaps with the timespan of ∼126‒145 Ma recorded by the much more voluminous intermediate to felsic rocks of the Laiyuan complex. By contrast, the late mafic and intermediate lamprophyre dikes were emplaced during ∼110‒125 Ma. Therefore, the voluminous early magmatism in the Laiyuan complex was likely triggered by the retreat of the flat-subducting Paleo-Pacific slab, whereas the minor later, mafic to intermediate magmas may have formed in response to further slab sinking-induced mantle thermal perturbations. Whole-rock geochemical data suggest that the early mafic magmas formed by partial melting of subduction-related metasomatized lithospheric mantle, and that the early intermediate to felsic magmas with adakite-like signatures formed from mafic magmas through strong amphibole fractionation without plagioclase in the lower crust. The late mafic magmas seem to be derived from a slightly different metasomatized lithospheric mantle by lower degrees of partial melting.

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Statherian (ca. 1714–1680 Ma) Extension-Related Magmatism and Deformation in the Southwestern Korean Peninsula and Its Geological Significance: Constraints from the Petrological, Structural, Geochemical and Geochronological Studies of Newly Identified Granitoids

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min11060557 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 557

Author(s):

Byung-Choon Lee ◽

Weon-Seo Kee ◽

Uk-Hwan Byun ◽

Sung-Won Kim

Keyword(s):

Korean Peninsula ◽

Tectonic Setting ◽

Alkali Feldspar ◽

Ductile Deformation ◽

Southwestern Part ◽

The North ◽

Deformation Event ◽

Geochemical Analyses ◽

A Minor ◽

T Values

In this study, petrological, structural, geochemical, and geochronological analyses of the Statherian alkali feldspar granite and porphyritic alkali feldspar granite in the southwestern part of the Korean Peninsula were conducted to examine petrogenesis of the granitoids and their tectonic setting. Zircon U-Pb dating revealed that the two granites formed around 1.71 Ga and 1.70–1.68 Ga, respectively. The results of the geochemical analyses showed that both of the granites have a high content of K2O, Nb, Ta, and Y, as well as high FeOt/MgO and Ga/Al ratios. Both granites have alkali-calcic characteristics with a ferroan composition, indicating an A-type affinity. Zircon Lu-Hf isotopic compositions yielded negative εHf(t) values (−3.5 to −10.6), indicating a derivation from ancient crustal materials. Both granite types underwent ductile deformation and exhibited a dextral sense of shear with a minor extension component. Based on field relationships and zircon U-Pb dating, it was considered that the deformation event postdated the emplacement of the alkali feldspar granite and terminated soon after the emplacement of the porphyritic alkali feldspar granite in an extensional setting. These data indicated that there were extension-related magmatic activities accompanying ductile deformation in the southwestern part of the Korean Peninsula during 1.71–1.68 Ga. The Statherian extension-related events are well correlated with those in the midwestern part of the Korean and eastern parts of the North China Craton.

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New approaches to crustal evolution studies and the origin of granitic rocks: what can the Lu-Hf and Re-Os isotope systems tell us?

Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh ◽

10.1017/s0263593300006738 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 87 (1-2) ◽

pp. 339-352 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Clark M. Johnson ◽

Steven B. Shirey ◽

Karin M. Barovich

Keyword(s):

Continental Crust ◽

Isotope Ratios ◽

Granitic Rocks ◽

Nd Isotope ◽

Volcanic Arcs ◽

Depleted Mantle ◽

Os Isotopes ◽

Isotope System ◽

Os Isotope

ABSTRACT:The Lu-Hf and Re-Os isotope systems have been applied sparsely to elucidate the origin of granites, intracrustal processes and the evolution of the continental crust. The presence or absence of garnet as a residual phase during partial melting will strongly influence Lu/Hf partitioning, making the Lu–Hf isotope system exceptionally sensitive to evaluating the role of garnet during intracrustal differentiation processes. Mid-Proterozoic (1·1–1·5Ga ) ‘anorogenic’ granites from the western U.S.A. appear to have anomalously high εHf values, relative to their εNd values, compared with Precambrian orogenic granites from several continents. The Hf-Nd isotope variations for Precambrian orogenic granites are well explained by melting processes that are ultimately tied to garnet-bearing sources in the mantle or crust. Residual, garnet-bearing lower and middle crust will evolve to anomalously high εHf values over time and may be the most likely source for later ‘anorogenic’ magmas. When crustal and mantle rocks are viewed together in terms of Hf and Nd isotope compositions, a remarkable mass balance is apparent for at least the outer silicate earth where Precambrian orogenic continental crust is the balance to the high-εHf depleted mantle, and enriched lithospheric mantle is the balance to the low-εHf depleted mantle.Although the continental crust has been envisioned to have exceptionally high Re/Os ratios and very radiogenic Os isotope compositions, new data obtained on magnetite mineral separates suggest that some parts of the Precambrian continental crust are relatively Os-rich and non-radiogenic. It remains unclear how continental crust may obtain non-radiogenic Os isotope ratios, and these results have important implications for Re-Os isotope evolution models. In contrast, Phanerozoic batholiths and volcanic arcs that are built on young mafic lower crust may have exceptionally radiogenic Os isotope ratios. These results highlight the unique ability of Os isotopes to identify young mafic crustal components in orogenic magmas that are essentially undetectable using other isotope systems such as O, Sr, Nd and Pb.

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Ore and Geochemical Specialization and Substance Sources of the Ural and Timan Carbonatite Complexes (Russia): Insights from Trace Element, Rb–Sr, and Sm–Nd Isotope Data

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min11070711 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 711

Author(s):

Irina Nedosekova ◽

Nikolay Vladykin ◽

Oksana Udoratina ◽

Boris Belyatsky

Keyword(s):

Trace Element ◽

Mantle Source ◽

Crustal Evolution ◽

Trace Element Data ◽

The Urals ◽

Nd Isotope ◽

Enriched Mantle ◽

Depleted Mantle ◽

Mantle Sources ◽

Geochemical Specialization

The Ilmeno–Vishnevogorsk (IVC), Buldym, and Chetlassky carbonatite complexes are localized in the folded regions of the Urals and Timan. These complexes differ in geochemical signatures and ore specialization: Nb-deposits of pyrochlore carbonatites are associated with the IVC, while Nb–REE-deposits with the Buldym complex and REE-deposits of bastnäsite carbonatites with the Chetlassky complex. A comparative study of these carbonatite complexes has been conducted in order to establish the reasons for their ore specialization and their sources. The IVC is characterized by low 87Sr/86Sri (0.70336–0.70399) and εNd (+2 to +6), suggesting a single moderately depleted mantle source for rocks and pyrochlore mineralization. The Buldym complex has a higher 87Sr/86Sri (0.70440–0.70513) with negative εNd (−0.2 to −3), which corresponds to enriched mantle source EMI-type. The REE carbonatites of the Chetlassky сomplex show low 87Sr/86Sri (0.70336–0.70369) and a high εNd (+5–+6), which is close to the DM mantle source with ~5% marine sedimentary component. Based on Sr–Nd isotope signatures, major, and trace element data, we assume that the different ore specialization of Urals and Timan carbonatites may be caused not only by crustal evolution of alkaline-carbonatite magmas, but also by the heterogeneity of their mantle sources associated with different degrees of enrichment in recycled components.

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THE EFFECT OF EPITHELIAL REMNANT AND WHOLE ORGAN GRAFTS OF THYMUS ON THE RECOVERY OF THYMECTOMIZED IRRADIATED MICE

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.129.6.1235 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 129 (6) ◽

pp. 1235-1246 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Esther F. Hays

Keyword(s):

Direct Action ◽

Lymphoid Cells ◽

Lymphoid Tissues ◽

Functional Development ◽

Reticular Cells ◽

Microscopic Morphology ◽

Two Parameters ◽

A Minor ◽

Cellular Components

Work has been presented which suggests that thymus epithelial reticular cells are not effective in restoring the microscopic morphology of lymphoid tissues and their immunologic capacities. They function in recruiting precursors of thymus lymphocytes from the host animals to produce an organ which, after it becomes architecturally normal, can reconstitute the defective host. Intact thymus grafts in situ from 10–14 days, but not for shorter periods of time, have been shown to result in a return toward normal of these two parameters. Evidence is offered to show that few dividing cellular components in the lymphoid tissue originate from the thymus remnant grafts, and that a minor cellular component is contributed by the intact grafts. These data support the concept that the structural and functional development of the lymphatic tissue in thymectomized animals is dependent on thymus lymphoid cells and/or their products, and that the epithelial-reticular cells do not have a direct action in peripheral lymphoid reconstitution.

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