Principais desafios que afetam a saúde intestinal das aves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. F. CRUZ ◽  
S. A. SAMPAIO ◽  
T. F. COSTA ◽  
S. L. S. A. ALEXANDRINO ◽  
C. S. SOUZA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Salmonella Gallinarum ◽  
Eimeria Acervulina ◽  
Eimeria Maxima ◽  
Salmonella Pullorum ◽  
Cryptosporidium Baileyi

O trato gastrointestinal das aves é colonizado por microrganismos benéficos e maléficos, vivendo de maneira comensal. As bactérias benéficas influenciam positivamente a integridade intestinal, funcionalidade da barreira de proteção, resposta imunológica, digestão e absorção dos nutrientes. As bactérias maléficas causadoras de enterites nas aves são: Clostridium colinum (enterite ulcerativa), Clostridium perfringens (enterite necrótica), Campylobacter jejuni e Campylobacter coli (enterite hemorrágica), Escherichia coli, Salmonella entérica (Salmonella pullorum - pulorose e Salmonella gallinarum - tifo aviário). Os protozoários causadores de enterites são: Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria maxima, Eimeria tenella (causam a coccidiose), Cryptosporidium meleagridis, Cryptosporidium baileyi e Cryptosporidium galli. Os vírus que acometem aves são: Paramoxivírus aviário tipo I (doença de Newcastle), rotavírus, astrovírus e reovírus. Porém, as lesões intestinais provocadas pelo microbioma maléfico podem ser amenizadas com o uso de prebióticos e probióticos na dieta das aves. Os prebióticos e probióticos fortalecem o sistema imunológico da ave, previne contra doenças entéricas infecciosas e melhora a digestão e absorção intestinal. Algumas bactérias que pertencem a microbiota intestinal das aves são utilizadas como probióticos, as espécies mais utilizadas pertencem ao gênero Lactobacillus e Bifidobacterium. Esta revisão analisa as informações científicas disponíveis sobre os principais microrganismos que afetam a saúde intestinal das aves e o uso de prebióticos e probióticos como aditivos preventivos na literatura vigente.

scholarly journals Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, Salmonella spp. e Yersinia enterocolitica isoladas de animais silvestres em um centro de reabilitação

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1838-1843
Author(s):  
Débora R. Silveira ◽  
Camile Milan ◽  
Marina M. Ferrasso ◽  
Priscila A. Dias ◽  
Thamíris P. Moraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Didelphis Albiventris

RESUMO: Muitas espécies de animais silvestres de vida livre servem como reservatório de bactérias patogênicas que ameaçam a saúde humana e dos animais domésticos. Algumas bactérias, como Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, Yersinia enterocolitica e Salmonella enterica, causam enfermidades em humanos e podem contaminar os animais domésticos e silvestres. O Núcleo de Reabilitação da Fauna Silvestre da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (NURFS-UFPel) soluciona uma demanda regional específica de atenção à fauna silvestre brasileira. O objetivo desse trabalho foi identificar a presença de Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, Salmonella spp. e Yersinia enterocolitica em animais silvestres que se encontravam em processo de reabilitação. Foram coletadas amostras de fezes, com uso de zaragatoas estéreis, de 34 aves, 16 mamíferos e 23 répteis. Dos 73 animais amostrados, quatro (5,48%) albergavam Y. enterocolitica, sendo duas aves, um mamífero e um réptil. Salmonella e Campylobacter não foram isolados. Os perfis de bandas dos isolados de Y. enterocolitica analisados pela rep-PCR foram diferentes entre si. Esses resultados indicam que as cepas isoladas não estão relacionadas entre si, não possuindo uma origem comum recente. Vanellus chilensis, Turdus rufiventris, Didelphis albiventris e Pantherophis guttatus podem albergar Y. enterocolitica e eliminá-la nas fezes, oferecendo risco de disseminação desse micro-organismo no ambiente, além de constituírem possíveis fontes de contaminação para humanos e outros animais.

Antibacterial Activities of Phenolic Benzaldehydes and Benzoic Acids against Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 1811-1821 ◽  
Author(s):  
MENDEL FRIEDMAN ◽  
PHILIP R. HENIKA ◽  
ROBERT E. MANDRELL
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Benzene Ring ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Benzoic Acids ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Chemical Structures

We evaluated the bactericidal activities of 35 benzaldehydes, 34 benzoic acids, and 1 benzoic acid methyl ester against Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica when these compounds were substituted on the benzene ring with 0, 1, 2, or 3 hydroxy (OH) and/or methoxy (OCH3) groups in a pH 7.0 buffer. Dose-response plots were used to determine the percentage of the sample that induced a 50% decrease in CFU after 60 min (BA50). Of the 70 compounds tested, 24 were found to be active against all four pathogens, and additional 4, 10, and 12 were found to be active against three, two, and one of the pathogens, respectively. C. jejuni was ~100 times as sensitive as the other three pathogens. The 10 compounds that were most active against the four pathogens (with average BA50 values ranging from 0.026 to 0.166) and are candidates for studies of activity in foods or for disinfections were 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzaldehyde, 2,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzaldehyde, 2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde, 2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, 2,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, 2,4-dihydroxyben-zaldehyde, and 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde. Comparison of the chemical structures of the test compounds and their activities revealed that (i) the aldehyde (CHO) group was more active than the carboxyl (COOH) group whether or not OH groups were present; (ii) compounds were most active with trisubstituted OH > disubstituted OH > monosubstituted OH; (iii) for disubstituted derivatives, 2-OH enhanced activities were exhibited by benzaldehyde but not by benzoic acid; (iv) compounds were more active with OH than with OCH3, irrespective of the position of substitution on the benzene ring; (v) compounds with mixed OH and OCH3 groups exhibited variable results, i.e., in some cases OCH3 groups enhanced activity and in other cases they did not; (vi) methoxybenzoic acids were largely inactive; and (vii) gallic acid was 20 times as active against S. enterica at pH 7.0 as it was at pH 3.7, suggesting that the ionization of its OH groups may enhance bactericidal activity.

Development of a Novel Chromogenic Medium for Improved Campylobacter Detection from Poultry Samples

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 1750-1755 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAJIME TERAMURA ◽  
MIHOKO IWASAKI ◽  
HIROKAZU OGIHARA
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Chromogenic Medium ◽  
Enrichment Broth ◽  
Selective Media ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference

The presence of expanded-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)–producing Escherichia coli is a common problem in the isolation of Campylobacter from poultry samples using conventional cefoperazone-based selective media. A novel chromogenic medium (CM-HT), based on modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar (mCCDA), has been developed as a solution for improved Campylobacter detection from poultry samples. Although the basic components of CM-HT are the same as mCCDA, CM-HT uses both granular charcoal and sodium cefoxitin to enhance viewability and inhibit ESBL-producing bacteria. All tested Campylobacter jejuni (n = 31) and Campylobacter coli (n = 6) strains grew and formed purple-colored colonies on CM-HT. In contrast, the growth of all other tested microorganisms, including ESBL-producing E. coli strains, was suppressed by this medium. Additionally, 84 poultry samples were examined for the presence of Campylobacter using the ISO 10272-1 method (enrichment with Bolton broth) and the NIHSJ-02 method (enrichment with Preston broth) with mCCDA and CM-HT media for the isolation. The numbers of samples from which Camplylobacter was detected on CM-HT using Preston and Bolton broth were 22 and 18, whereas the numbers on mCCDA were 22 and 13, respectively. Only Campylobacter was detected on CM-HT using both enrichment broths; however, there were 5 and 19 samples from which ESBL-producing E. coli was detected on mCCDA using Preston and Bolton broth, respectively. Thus, there was a significant difference between CM-HT and mCCDA in selectivity for ESBL-producing E. coli regardless of which enrichment broth was used. The results obtained demonstrated that CM-HT is a possible solution for the improved isolation of Campylobacter from poultry samples.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Clostridium perfringens by a Novel Strain of Bacillus subtilis Isolated from the Gastrointestinal Tracts of Healthy Chickens

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 4185-4190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Yeow-Lim Teo ◽  
Hai-Meng Tan
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Spectroscopy Technique ◽  
Antimicrobial Spectrum ◽  
Optimum Growth Temperature ◽  
Optimum Ph

ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to isolate beneficial strains of microorganisms from the gastrointestinal tracts of healthy chickens and to screen them against Clostridium perfringens, a causative agent of necrotic enteritis in poultry. One of the bacteria isolated, a strain of Bacillus subtilis, was found to possess an anticlostridial factor that could inhibit the C. perfringens ATCC 13124 used in this study. The anticlostridial factor produced by B. subtilis PB6 was found to be fully or partially inactivated in the presence of pronase, trypsin, and pepsin. In contrast, the antimicrobial activity of the anticlostridial factor was not affected by treatment at 100 or 121°C or by treatment with any of the organic solvents used in the study. The optimum growth temperature and optimum pH for production of the anticlostridial factor were 37°C and 6.20, respectively. Using the mass spectroscopy-mass spectroscopy technique, the apparent molecular mass of the anticlostridial factor was estimated to be in the range from 960 to 983 Da. In terms of the antimicrobial spectrum, the anticlostridial factor was inhibitory toward various strains of C. perfringens implicated in necrotic enteritis in poultry, Clostridium difficile, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Campylobacter jejuni, and Campylobacter coli.

scholarly journals Stable Concentrated Emulsions of the 1-Monoglyceride of Capric Acid (Monocaprin) with Microbicidal Activities against the Food-Borne Bacteria Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 522-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halldor Thormar ◽  
Hilmar Hilmarsson ◽  
Gudmundur Bergsson
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Capric Acid ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Microbicidal Activity ◽  
Food Borne

ABSTRACT Of 11 fatty acids and monoglycerides tested against Campylobacter jejuni, the 1-monoglyceride of capric acid (monocaprin) was the most active in killing the bacterium. Various monocaprin-in-water emulsions were prepared which were stable after storage at room temperature for many months and which retained their microbicidal activity. A procedure was developed to manufacture up to 500 ml of 200 mM preconcentrated emulsions of monocaprin in tap water. The concentrates were clear and remained stable for at least 12 months. They were active against C. jejuni upon 160- to 200-fold dilution in tap water and caused a >6- to 7-log10 reduction in viable bacterial count in 1 min at room temperature. The addition of 0.8% Tween 40 to the concentrates as an emulsifying agent did not change the microbicidal activity. Emulsions of monocaprin killed a variety of Campylobacter isolates from humans and poultry and also killed strains of Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter lari, indicating a broad anticampylobacter activity. Emulsions of 1.25 mM monocaprin in citrate-lactate buffer at pH 4 to 5 caused a >6- to 7-log10 reduction in viable bacterial counts of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli in 10 min. C. jejuni was also more susceptible to monocaprin emulsions at low pH. The addition of 5 and 10 mM monocaprin emulsions to Campylobacter-spiked chicken feed significantly reduced the bacterial contamination. These results are discussed in view of the possible utilization of monocaprin emulsions in controlling the spread of food-borne bacteria from poultry to humans.

scholarly journals Sunlight inactivation of Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella enterica, compared with Escherichia coli, in seawater and river water

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lester Sinton ◽  
Carollyn Hall ◽  
Robin Braithwaite
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
River Water ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
High Susceptibility ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Waste Stabilization Pond ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Photooxidative Damage

The inactivation of Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella enterica, compared with Escherichia coli, was determined in 100 l chambers of seawater and river water located at an outdoor site. The chambers (paired with dark controls) were seeded with waste stabilization pond effluent and laboratory-cultured pathogens, and exposed to sunlight in summer and winter experiments. All sunlight inactivation (kS) rates, as a function of cumulative global solar radiation (insolation), were far higher than the corresponding dark (kD) rates, with a ranking (and average kS rates for seawater and river water, respectively) of: C. jejuni (3.23; 2.34)>S. enterica (0.51; 0.37)>E. coli (0.34; 0.26). All the T90 (time to 90% inactivation) values were higher in winter than in summer, but there was far greater similarity between the summer and winter S90 (insolation needed for 90% inactivation) values. The rapid inactivation of C. jejuni was attributed to a high susceptibility to photooxidative damage. The results suggest that, in sunlight-exposed waters, E. coli will be a more conservative indicator for C. jejuni than for S. enterica, and C. jejuni transmission as a pathogenic agent is less likely than for S. enterica.

scholarly journals Mixtures of natural antimicrobials can reduce Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella enterica and Clostridium perfringens infections and cellular inflammatory response in MDCK cells

Gut Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Igori Balta ◽  
Adela Marcu ◽  
Mark Linton ◽  
Carmel Kelly ◽  
Ozan Gundogdu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Mdck Cells ◽  
Natural Antimicrobials ◽  
Pathogen Invasion ◽  
Invasion Mechanisms ◽  
Cellular Inflammatory Response

Abstract Background The classification of natural antimicrobials as potential antibiotic replacements is still hampered by the absence of clear biological mechanisms behind their mode of action. This study investigated the mechanisms underlying the anti-bacterial effect of a mixture of natural antimicrobials (maltodextrin, citric acid, sodium citrate, malic acid, citrus extract and olive extract) against Campylobacter jejuni RC039, Salmonella enterica SE 10/72 and Clostridium perfringens ATCC® 13124 invasion of Madin–Darby Canine Kidney cells (MDCK). Results Minimum sub-inhibitory concentrations were determined for Campylobacter jejuni (0.25%), Salmonella enterica (0.50%) and Clostridium perfringens (0.50%) required for the in vitro infection assays with MDCK cells. The antimicrobial mixture significantly reduced the virulence of all three pathogens towards MDCK cells and restored the integrity of cellular tight junctions through increased transepithelial resistance (TEER) and higher expression levels of ZO-1 (zonula occludens 1) and occludin. This study also identified the ERK (external regulated kinase) signalling pathway as a key mechanism in blocking the pro-inflammatory cytokine production (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) in infected cells. The reduction in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production and release by infected MDCK cells, in the presence of the antimicrobial mixture, was also associated with less tetrathionate formed by oxidation of thiosulphate (p < 0.0001). Conclusion The present study describes for the first time that mixtures of natural antimicrobials can prevent the formation of substrates used by bacterial pathogens to grow and survive in anaerobic environments (e.g. tetrathionate). Moreover, we provide further insights into pathogen invasion mechanisms through restoration of cellular structures and describe their ability to block the ERK–MAPK kinase pathway responsible for inflammatory cytokine release

scholarly journals Campylobacteriosis and other bacterial gastrointestinal diseases in Sofia, Bulgaria for the period 1987 – 2008

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Ivanova ◽  
M Мarinа ◽  
P Petrov ◽  
T Kantardjiev
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Systematic Data ◽  
Thermophilic Campylobacter ◽  
Diarrhoeal Diseases ◽  
Campylobacter Infection ◽  
The City

Campylobacter is the most commonly reported enteric bacterial pathogen in humans. We still do not have any systematic data concerning campylobacteriosis in Bulgaria. For that reason, we present data of the thermophilic Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in the aetiology of diarrhoeal diseases in Sofia, for the period from 1987 to 2008. The study included patients from 0 to over 65 years-old. A total of 51,607 faecal specimens were screened for Campylobacter. C. jejuni and C. coli were detected in 3.58% (1,847) of the strains, with the highest percentage in 1988 (7.5%) and the lowest in 2006 (0.3%). Campylobacteriosis occurred most frequently in the wet months of March, April, May and June, with 105, 102, 124 and 141 cases, respectively, and was rare in January with 25 cases. The most affected groups were children between 0 and 4 years of age (52%) and between five and 14 years of age (30%). Campylobacter infection occurred in 22% of all bacterial gastrointestinal diseases in the city of Sofia during the study period. Salmonella was the most frequently identified pathogen with 32%, followed by Shigella (30%), Campylobacter (22%) and diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (16%). The study shows that Campylobacter plays an important role as a bacterial cause of enterocolitis in Sofia, Bulgaria.

scholarly journals DIRGLIOSIOS ŽARNOS SINDROMAS: RIZIKOS VEIKSNIAI

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 36-37
Author(s):  
Agnė Norbutaitė
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile

Dirgliosios žarnos sindromas (DŽS) yra funkcinis žar­nyno motorikos sutrikimas, kuriam būdingas lėtinis pasi­kartojantis pilvo skausmas, diskomfortas ir pakitęs tušti­nimasis, nesant kitų organinių virškinimo sistemos ligų. Prieš pradedant DŽS gydymą, reikia įvertinti, kokie yra pagrindiniai simptomai, koks jų sunkumas ir dažnumas. Tyrimo tikslas – išanalizuoti ir apibendrinti mokslinės literatūros duomenis apie dirgliosios žarnos sindromo rizikos veiksnius, kurie turi įtakos simptomų atsiradi­mui. Atlikta mokslinių publikacijų apžvalga, atranka ir analizė. Literatūros šaltinių paieška atlikta Medline (Pu­bMed), Google Scholar ir Medscape duomenų bazėse. Į apžvalgą įtrauktos 2016-2021 metų mokslinės publika­cijos anglų kalba. Atrinkti, išanalizuoti ir apibendrinti 7 viso teksto straipsniai. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, kad DŽS formavimuisi įta­kos turi vidinių ir išorinių veiksnių sąveika. Klinikinėje praktikoje šio sindromo diagnozė nustatoma remiantis paciento anamneze ir būdingų simptomų pasireiškimu. Nustatyta genetinių veiksnių, ūminių enterinių infekcijų, kai kurių mitybos įpročių, pakitusios žarnyno mikrobio­tos įtaka. Ypač didelis DŽS paplitimas, siekiantis net 46 proc., nustatytas pacientams, turėjusiems Giardia lam­blia infekciją. Pastebėtas ryšys ir su kitomis virškinamojo trakto infekcijomis, sukeltomis Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Clostridioides difficile ir Vibrio cholerae bakterijų. Išvados. Pagrindiniai DŽS rizikos veiksniai yra moteriš­koji lytis, jaunas amžius, genetinė predispozicija, mitybos įpročiai, persirgti gastroenteritai ir pakitusi mikrobiota. Stresas, nerimas ir depresija taip pat yra DŽS rizikos veiksniai, bet jie gali būti ir šio sindromo pasekmė.

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