scholarly journals An Ethical Investigation into the Impact of Mophane Worm Depletion on the Environment in the North-Eastern Part of Botswana: A Case Study of Gungwe and Mbalambi Villages

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-127
Author(s):  
Fatima Selaledi
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Value Theory ◽  
Local People ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Ethical Perspective ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
The North ◽  
Political Dimensions ◽  
The Impact

Mophane worm is a name given to caterpillars hosted by the Mophane tree. The mophane worm is harvested as food supplement in most of the Southern African countries. For the past few years, there have been some reports indicating that the worm has disappeared in some parts of Botswana. Hence, the aim of this research study has been to investigate from an ethical perspective the impact of mophane worm depletion on the environment. A qualitative approach was used in this study and data was collected from the following target groups of people: villagers, headmen of the stated two villages and the Ministry of Environment, Wildlife and Tourism (MEWT) officers both at local and national level. The theoretical framework involved traditional theories (i.e., Value Theory and Utilitarianism) and environmental ethical theories (i.e., Social Ecology, Environmental and Intergenerational Justice). The research instruments employed were individual interview schedules, focus group discussions and observation. A fourfold model of analysis was used focusing on the biological, economical, social and political dimensions. From the findings of the study, it emerged that both natural and anthropogenic factors contributed to mophane worm depletion. The natural factors were drought and predation while the anthropogenic factors included massive usage of the host tree, destructive methods of harvesting and demand for more land for agricultural and residential purposes. It also emerged that mophane worm depletion had both negative and positive impacts on the environment. These included lack of money by the local people to buy their daily needs, lack of relish and poor livelihoods, loss of wildlife that fed on mophane worm and tension between government and local people over the regulation of the resource. Ethical evaluation revealed that the dominant value for the local people was utility value to the almost total lack of explicit awareness of intrinsic and inherent value, and that on utilitarian grounds, the overall evil that depletion of the mophane worm brought about outweighed its overall good effects. With regard to justice issues, the findings revealed that unjust social structures and injustices resulting from the unequal distribution of benefits and burdens as well as from the lack of adequate participation by the local communities in decision-making had a greater negative than positive impact. Finally, recommendations were made emphasising the utmost importance of government intervention to mitigate, if not, stop the depletion of the mophane worm.

scholarly journals ‘Justice seen is Justice done?’ - Assessing the Impact of Outreach Activities by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (74) ◽  
pp. 63-93
Author(s):  
Philipp Schulz
Keyword(s):  
International Criminal ◽  
National Level ◽  
International Criminal Tribunal ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Theoretical Argument ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
International Criminal Tribunals ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract By referring to the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) as a case study, this paper seeks to explore the impact of outreach activities by international criminal tribunals. Building upon primary field research findings, including twenty-seven in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 108 respondents, this paper applies a theory-driven investigation of the impact of outreach activities by the ICTR. Contrary to the theoretical argument, on a national level throughout society over time, outreach activities by the ICTR did neither increase awareness and understanding, nor shape positive perceptions towards the Tribunal and its expected contribution to reconciliation. Furthermore, a comparison of groups of outreach participants and control groups shows that outreach did increase the level of knowledge among beneficiaries of such activities. An increased understanding, however, cannot be correlated with more positive perceptions towards the Tribunal or its role in promoting reconciliation.

scholarly journals The impact of technogenesis and economic activities of the indigenous peoples of the North Russia on the environmental status of the Yamal region

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 06012
Author(s):  
Sergei Petrov ◽  
Natali Mamaeva ◽  
Maksim Narushko
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Academic Science ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The North ◽  
Environmental Status ◽  
Original Habitat ◽  
The Impact

The article studies the issue of the protection of the land and the coastal part of the Kara Sea and the role of specially protected natural territories, trading posts of small indigenous peoples of the North (SIPN) located within the boundaries of the state biological reserve of regional importance Yamalskiy. It is shown that the consolidation of administrative and production resources and academic science in order to study the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors on the biogeocenosis of the Arctic and the sociogenesis of the peoples of the North will allow solving specific tasks of developing and using the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and preserving the ethnic and cultural development of the SIPN, protecting their original habitat and traditional lifestyle.

scholarly journals Features of natural plant complexes restoration and land reclamation in the area of Ust-Srednekanskaya hydroelectric power plant on the Kolyma river

2021 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 04016
Author(s):  
Pavel E. Tikhmenev ◽  
Andrey A. Smirnov ◽  
Evgeniy A. Tikhmenev ◽  
Galina V. Stanchenko
Keyword(s):  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Plant ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Station ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Kolyma River

The low resistance of the landscapes of the North-East of Russia to anthropogenic influences is shown. The features of natural plant complexes restoration and land reclamation in the area of the Ust-Srednekanskaya hydroelectric power station are considered. In order to create conditions for the successful restoration of vegetation cover after the impact of anthropogenic factors, it is recommended to carry out measures for leveling the disturbed surface and terracing it. It is proposed to carry out artificial sowing of cereals, which are characterized by regular and abundant fruiting.

scholarly journals Chemical composition of soil waters in oil and gas production areas of north of Western Siberia

2020 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 05011
Author(s):  
Marina Opekunova ◽  
Anatoly Opekunov ◽  
Stepan Kukushkin ◽  
Sergey Lisenkov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
The North ◽  
The Impact

This study describes the changes in the chemical composition of soil waters under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors in the area of development of oil and gas condensate fields in the north of Western Siberia. The concentration of chemical elements (Na, K, Ca, Cu, Zn, Fe, Pb, Cd, Ni, Co, Cr, Ba, Sr, Cd, and Mn) in soils, ground and soil waters was determined. Pollution of soil water and soil is local in nature and it is characteristic of areas located in the immediate vicinity of industrial facilities. A set of indicators is proposed for assessing the transformation of natural complexes under the influence of oil and gas production. The increased pH values, concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons, nitrates, chlorides, sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, strontium, iron and manganese, as well as zinc, vanadium, cobalt and nickel are observed. In the impact zones in soil waters and soils. Mechanical disturbances of the soil and vegetation cover lead to an increase in defrost, secondary waterlogging and are accompanied by an increase in the migration of chemical elements in the catenary structure of landscapes.

Mining and Water Supply in Marginalised Communities

2022 ◽  
pp. 354-367
Author(s):  
Tariro Kamuti
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
National Level ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Marginalized Communities ◽  
Vulnerable Communities ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
The Impact

The extractive industry and water security nexus for vulnerable communities that surround a mine has been a subject of debate in the Global South. The study aimed to identify and explain the impact of mining on the ability of vulnerable and marginalized communities to secure adequate and safe water. The study focused on Anglo-Platinum Mogalakwena Platinum on Ga-Molekana Village in Mogalakwena Municipality, Limpopo Province of South Africa. Key informant interviews were administered with community leaders, local community-based organizations, local councilors, and public officials at the national level. Focus group discussions were also conducted for older women and youth to share current experiences. The Mogalakwena Municipality provides water to the Ga-Molekane Community and the Mogalakwena Platinum Mine also intervenes by providing support in this regard. Perceptions about the adequacy of water to meet their household needs were varied, with some being positive considering their situation to be better than others, while some said water had become inadequate.

scholarly journals Virtual nitrogen and phosphorus flow associated with interprovincial crop trade and its effect on grey water stress in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Ren ◽  
Wenfeng Liu ◽  
Hong Yang ◽  
La Zhuo ◽  
Yindong Tong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Southern China ◽  
National Level ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Grey Water ◽  
P Loss ◽  
The North ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The grey water footprint (GWF) is defined as freshwater requirements for diluting pollutants in receiving water bodies. It is widely used to measure the impact of pollutant loads on water resources. GWF can be transferred from one area to another through trade. Although pollution flow has previously been investigated at the national level, there has been no explicit study on the extent to which crop trade affects GWF across regions and the associated changes in grey water stress (GWS). This study analyzes pollution flow associated with interprovincial crop trade based on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loss intensity of three major crops, namely, maize, rice and wheat, which is simulated by a grid-based crop model for the period 2008–2012, and evaluates the spatial patterns of GWS across China. The results indicate that the integrated national GWF for N and P was 1,271 billion m3 yr-1, with maize, rice, and wheat contributing 39%, 37%, and 24%, respectively. Through interprovincial crop trade, southern China outsourced substantial N and P losses to the north, leading to a 30% GWS increase in northern China and 66% GWS mitigation in southern China. Specifically, Jilin, Henan, and Heilongjiang Provinces in the north showed increases in GWS by 161%, 114%, and 55%, respectively, while Fujian, Shanghai, and Zhejiang in the south had GWS reductions of 83%, 85%, and 80%, respectively. It was found that the interprovincial crop trade led to reduced national GWF and GWS. Insights into GWF and GWS can form the basis for policy developments on N and P pollution mitigation across regions in China.

scholarly journals Understanding the Needs of Adult Internally Displaced Persons in Three North-Eastern States of Nigeria: The Impact of Humanitarian Response Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-158
Author(s):  
Ali Johnson Onoja ◽  
Chris Ogedengbe ◽  
Sheila Onoja ◽  
Felix Olaniyi Sanni ◽  
Paul Olaiya Abiodun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Humanitarian Emergency ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Humanitarian Response ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: The North-Eastern part of Nigeria is currently struggling with a complex humanitarian emergency. This study aimed to identify the challenges facing the Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) and evaluate the effect of the humanitarian response projects in alleviating these challenges. Methodology: The study was carried out in sixteen local governments of Borno, Adamawa and Yobe states using mixed methods. The quantitative data were obtained by the administration of a structured questionnaire to men of 25 years and above and women aged 15-49 years. The data obtained were analysed and complemented with the qualitative data from Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Data were analysed using SPSS version 20. Results: The majority of the IDPs were between age 25 – 29 (26.0%), women (56.7%), 40.8% had Qur’anic education, and 76.6% were married. The major challenges facing the IPDs were hunger (26.2%), lack of clothing (19.9%), regular sickness (18.5%) and lack of drugs (9.8%). Rape cases constituted (4.3%) of the total responses. The major sicknesses were Malaria (53.1%) and skin infections (34.4%). The items received from the NGOs include foodstuff (27.9%), soap and detergents (19.0%), clothing (14.0%), and drugs (9.4%). The majority (46.5%) rated their situation since they arrived in the camp very good, 52.1% affirmed great improvement in their situations, and 9 (1.4%) stated that their situations were deteriorating. The majority (33.3%) were trained on tailoring, 21.4% on cream-making, 17.0% knitting and bead making (15.2%). Conclusion: Humanitarian services positively impacted the IDPs, yet there is need for government and the humanitarian services providers put more efforts the alleviate the suffering of the IDPs in Nigeria.   Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 7, Issue-3: 152-158

Mexico in the Context of the North American Integration: Major Regional Trends and Performance of Backward Regions

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAFAEL TAMAYO-FLORES
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
National Level ◽  
Export Growth ◽  
Southern States ◽  
The North ◽  
Regional Trends ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

The regional impact of the economic integration between Mexico and its northern neighbours remains virtually unexplored for Mexico. This research substantiates what had hitherto been no more than conjectures regarding the impact of NAFTA on the most laggardly Mexican regions. The southern states have been unable to share in Mexico's impressive export-growth and attraction of foreign direct investment (FDI) of the 1990s. Neither the insignificant amount of fdi received by these states nor the increase in their small export-value level can be attributed to opportunities created by NAFTA. The strong linkage between fdi and exports, and the predominance of manufacturing observed at the national level and in other northern states does not exist there. In the state of Oaxaca export growth is largely accounted for by a primary commodity whose production has no foreign investment participation. This local scenario is consistent with the interregional divergence trend observed since the start of the process of economic integration.

Pengaruh Budaya Terhadap Akuntansi, Auditing Dan Praktik Akuntansi Internasional

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-95
Author(s):  
Priyastiwi Priyastiwi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
National Level ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Financial Disclosure ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this article is to provide the basic model of Hofstede and Grays’ cultural values that relates the Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and Gray‘s accounting value. This article reviews some studies that prove the model and develop the research in the future. There are some evidences that link the Hofstede’s cultural values studies with the auditor’s judgment and decisions by developing a framework that categorizes the auditor’s judgments and decisions are most likely influenced by cross-cultural differences. The categories include risk assessment, risk decisions and ethical judgments. Understanding the impact of cultural factors on the practice of accounting and financial disclosure is important to achieve the harmonization of international accounting. Deep understanding about how the local values may affect the accounting practices and their impacts on the financial disclosure are important to ensure the international comparability of financial reporting. Gray’s framework (1988) expects how the culture may affect accounting practices at the national level. One area of the future studies will examine the impact of cultural dimensions to the values of accounting, auditing and decision making. Key word : Motivation, leadership style, job satisfaction, performance

TBE in Italy

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
National Level ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Low Incidence

Italy is considered a low-incidence country for tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Europe.1 Areas at higher risk for TBE in Italy are geographically clustered in the forested and mountainous regions and provinces in the north east part of the country, as suggested by TBE case series published over the last decade.2-5 A national enhanced surveillance system for TBE has been established since 2017.6 Before this, information on the occurrence of TBE cases at the national level in Italy was lacking. Both incidence rates and the geographical distribution of the disease were mostly inferred from endemic areas where surveillance was already in place, ad hoc studies and international literature.1

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