Investigation of Hypodontia as Clinically Related Dental Anomaly: Prevalence and Characteristics

Objective. Patients with hypodontia are relatively common in clinical dentistry. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of hypodontia of permanent teeth in Korean orthodontic patients and whether such prevalence is associated with the type of dental clinic, patient gender, or the type of malocclusion. Materials and Methods. Over a five-year period, we evaluated 3,055 patients (mean age, 15.1 years; range 9~30) from two geographically separated orthodontic clinics: 1,479 from University Hospital and 1,576 from a private clinic. Hypodontia was diagnosed using panoramic radiographs, clinical examination, and dental casts. Results. The overall prevalence of hypodontia, excluding the third molars, was 11.3%, and there was no statistically significant association with the type of dental clinic, gender, or malocclusion patterns. The most commonly missing teeth were the mandibular second premolars (44.2%), followed by the mandibular lateral incisors (36.6%), and the maxillary second premolars (34.0%). In both sexes, 86.0% of patients with hypodontia were missing one or two teeth. Conclusion. The relatively high prevalence of hypodontia emphasizes the importance of dental examination in early childhood with radiographic screening for hypodontia as standard public oral health policy and warrants further investigation of the orthodontic treatment strategies to prevent resultant oral health impairments of hypodontia.

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An Overview of Management of Root Fractures

Kathmandu University Medical Journal ◽

10.3126/kumj.v12i3.13724 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 222-230 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

DR Prithviraj ◽

HK Balla ◽

R Vashisht ◽

KM Regish ◽

P Suresh

Keyword(s):

Medical Journal ◽

Treatment Plan ◽

Correct Diagnosis ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Permanent Teeth ◽

Proper Treatment ◽

Dental Clinic ◽

Traumatic Injuries ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Root Fractures

Crown or root fractures are the most commonly encountered emergencies in the dental clinic. Root fractures occur in fewer than eight percent of the traumatic injuries to permanent teeth. They are broadly classified as horizontal and vertical root fractures. Correct diagnosis of root fractures is essential to ensure a proper treatment plan and hence, the best possible prognosis. Indication of the type of treatment to be used depends primarily on the level of the fracture line. Therefore, a clinician must also have a thorough knowledge of the various treatment approaches to devise a treatment plan accordingly. Various treatment strategies have been proposed, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. Hence, this literature review presents an overview of the various types of root fractures and their management.Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.12(3) 2014; 222-230

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Racial inequality and periodontal condition in Brazilian adolescents

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.812 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

R S Moreira ◽

L D R Santos

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Sex Education ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Permanent Teeth ◽

Multiple Model ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Socioeconomic Variables ◽

Periodontal Index ◽

Dmft Index

Abstract Background Oral health, such as other health conditions, reflects social inequalities. These inequalities are fed back by oral diseases, generating a vicious and sustainable circle. Racial issues play a prominent role, once they are associated with oral diseases as risk markers. Among the different oral diseases, periodontal disease associated with racial inequalities in adolescents is emblematic. Thus, this study aimed to analyse the race differentials associated with the levels of periodontal disease, regardless of other risk factors. Methods Data from the 2010 national epidemiological survey on oral health were used, with 5445 adolescents (15 to 19 years old). Multinomial logistic regression models were used. Dependent variable was the Community Periodontal Index. Independent variable was self-declared race/colour, categorized as white, pardo (mixed-race identity) and preto (black). The effect of race was controlled in the presence of the covariates sex, years of study, decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth (DMFT index), toothache and self-reported need for dental treatment. Odds Ratio (OR) was estimated and sample weights were considered. Results The simple model showed preto with 2.7 (p < 0.05) and 8 (p < 0.05) times more likely to have shallow and deep periodontal pockets, respectively, compared to white. Pardo was 1.5 (p < 0.05) times more likely to have periodontal calculus. In the multiple model, even in the presence of all independent covariates, preto showed association with shallow pockets (OR = 2.51, p < 0.05) and pardo showed association with the presence of calculus (OR = 1.37, p < 0.05). Conclusions Regardless of sex, education, perception of pain and need for treatment and the DMFT index, race/colour was associated with periodontal problems. It should be noted that skin colour is not a biological risk factor for periodontal disease. However, the findings of this study revealed racial inequities regardless of socioeconomic variables. Key messages Raises the need to guarantee health as a resource for social development, with science having a fundamental role in recovering the citizenship of this historically forgotten population. The findings of this study revealed racial inequities regardless of socioeconomic variables.

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The Oral Health Inequities between Special Needs Children and Normal Children in Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9040410 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 410

Author(s):

Valendriyani Ningrum ◽

Abu Bakar ◽

Tzong-Ming Shieh ◽

Yin-Hwa Shih

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Special Needs ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Permanent Teeth ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Special Needs Children ◽

Normal Children ◽

Children’S Oral Health ◽

Care System

This meta-analysis aimed to analyze the oral health inequalities among special needs children during 2004–2019 in Asia to reveal the importance and the needs of establishing integrated and equitable special needs dentistry care system in Indonesia. PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Wiley Online Library were systematically searched for full-text observational studies published from 1 January 2004 to 15 January 2020, in English in Asia. Studies that included children under 18 years of age with special needs and compared them to healthy controls were selected. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute 2017 Critical Appraisal Checklist. Risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-E tool. The decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) index indicated that special needs children who suffer from intellectual disability or autism spectrum disorder had significantly more caries than normal children (p < 0.001). The special needs children who had more caries than normal children lived in countries that had a high average DMFT value among 12 years old children (p < 0.001), and these two variables showed a positive correlation in meta-regression analysis (p < 0.001). Having an integrated and equitable care system and elevating children’s oral health are important to maintain special needs children’s oral health.

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Does the implementation of a national oral health policy reduce inequalities in oral health services utilization? The Brazilian experience

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-10586-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Maria Helena Rodrigues Galvão ◽

Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli

Keyword(s):

Health Policy ◽

Oral Health ◽

Health Services ◽

Health Services Utilization ◽

Age Groups ◽

Public Access ◽

Services Utilization ◽

Index Of Inequality ◽

Oral Health Services ◽

Oral Health Policy

Abstract Background This study aimed to assess the trend in income-related inequalities in oral health services utilization by the Brazilian population from 1998 to 2013. This period represents a timeline that includes different stages of implementation of the National Oral Health Policy. Methods The design was based on repeated cross-sectional surveys using secondary data from household-based studies carried out in Brazil in 1998, 2003, 2008, and 2013. The dependent variable was “having access to a dentist appointment at least once in a lifetime (yes/no).” Monthly household per capita income, based on Brazil’s minimum wage, was included as the main independent variable. To measure the inequalities in oral health access related to economic position, the following complex indexes based on regression were used: (a) the slope index of inequality (SII) and (b) the relative index of inequality (RII). Results There was a reduction in the percentage of individuals who never had a dentist appointment for all age groups and income classifications. In general, there was a reduction trend in absolute inequality for all age groups (p < 0.001). The relative inequality and reduction trend were different between the age groups studied. Conclusions The National Oral Health Policy was very important for expanding free of charge, public access to dental appointment. However, despite policy implementation, there continues to be high levels of inequality in access to dental consultation. Assessing which strategies are necessary to overcome this challenge is discussed.

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Secondary Dentition Characteristics in Children With Nonsyndromic Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1177/1055665617750489 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 582-589 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Elaine Li Yen Tan ◽

Meaw Charm Kuek ◽

Hung Chew Wong ◽

Serene Ai Kiang Ong ◽

Mimi Yow

Keyword(s):

Cleft Lip ◽

Cleft Lip And Palate ◽

Permanent Teeth ◽

Tooth Size ◽

Dental Anomalies ◽

Supernumerary Teeth ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Dental Records ◽

Congenitally Missing ◽

Maxillary Region

Objective: Children with cleft lip and palate are reported to be commonly associated with higher prevalence of dental anomalies such as hypodontia, supernumeraries, and abnormalities in tooth size, shape, and position. This study investigated the prevalence of dental anomalies in a longitudinal cohort of children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Design: The study was a retrospective analysis of radiographs, study models, and treatment notes. Patients: Sixty patients with repaired UCLP aged 13 years old with complete dental records dating from 5 years of age were included. Methods: Study casts, dental panoramic, anterior maxillary occlusal, and periapical radiographs of the patients were examined for cleft-sidedness, congenitally missing permanent teeth, supernumerary teeth, microdontic, and macrodontic teeth in the anterior maxillary region, presence of malformed permanent cleft-sided lateral incisor and its morphology (peg-shaped, conical shaped, canine-formed), positions of the permanent lateral incisors relative to the cleft side and presence of rotated cleft-sided central incisors. Results: Of the 60 patients studied, 63.3% had hypodontia, 21.7% had supernumerary teeth, 69.6% had microdontia, and 12.5% had macrodontia. All of the cleft-sided permanent lateral incisors had associated anomalies, with a large proportion (43.1%) missing; and when present in 31 subjects, the majority (90.3%) was positioned distal to the cleft. Most of the cleft-sided permanent central incisors were rotated if present, and prevalent at 86.7%. Conclusion: A high prevalence of dental anomalies was observed in this sample of children with UCLP.

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Predictors of Unmet Dental Health Needs in US Adults in 2018: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

JDR Clinical & Translational Research ◽

10.1177/23800844211035669 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 238008442110356

Author(s):

D.J. Gaskin ◽

H. Zare ◽

R. McCleary ◽

O. Kanwar ◽

A.L. Davis

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Oral Health ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Low Income ◽

The United States ◽

Permanent Teeth ◽

Dental Visit ◽

Low Socioeconomic ◽

The Past ◽

Dental Needs

Objective: To identify predictors of unmet dental needs for adults 18 y of age or older in the United States. Method: Using the Aday and Andersen framework and data from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), we ran logistic regression to estimate predictors for adults of not having a dental visit within 5 y and having lost any teeth using a national sample of 155,060 survey respondents. Results: Results showed that predisposing factors (age, race/ethnicity, gender, and educational attainment) and enabling factors (income and health insurance status) are important predictors for losing teeth due to decay or gum disease. Men, the elderly, and less educated and low-income residents were less likely to have seen a dentist within the past 5 y and more likely to have lost their permanent teeth. Compared to non-Hispanic White adults, Hispanics adults were more likely to have had a dental visit within the past 5 y. Unmet dental needs varied across states. People living in states with extensive Medicaid dental care benefit coverage were less likely to lose their teeth and more likely to have had a dental visit within the past 5 y. Conclusion: Efforts to improve oral health should address unmet dental needs of men and adults with low socioeconomic status. Studying the variation between state oral health care programs could further our understanding of how public policy can improve population oral health. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Men, non-Hispanic Blacks, mixed and other race minorities, and low socioeconomic status adults are most at risk of unmet dental needs. States can address these needs by expanding Medicaid coverage for adults.

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Effects of plaque control according to professional toothbrushing and oral health education of orthodontic patients

Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health ◽

10.11149/jkaoh.2018.42.2.40 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 40

Author(s):

Yun Ju Kim ◽

Ho Jin Jeong ◽

Jung Won Yun ◽

Yea Hwang Kim ◽

Hyun Seo Yoon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Health Education ◽

Oral Health Education ◽

Orthodontic Patients ◽

Plaque Control

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Building a "Smiling Brazil"? Implementation of the Brazilian National Oral Health Policy in a health region in the State of São Paulo

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/0102-311x00193313 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 82-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Aline Guerra Aquilante ◽

Geovani Gurgel Aciole

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Policy ◽

Oral Health ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Health Department ◽

Work Conditions ◽

Oral Health Care ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

São Paulo ◽

Oral Health Policy

This paper is a case study on the implementation of the Brazilian National Oral Health Policy (PNSB), known as "Smiling Brazil", in the cities of the Regional Health Department of Araraquara (DRS III) in São Paulo State. A structured questionnaire was given to the municipal oral health coordinators, an interview with oral health care professionals and managers was conducted, and the official data provided by the Brazilian Ministry of Health were coded to assess the policy's scope: (i) expansion and qualification of actions; (ii) work conditions; (iii) care; (iv) access; and (v) planning and management. The quantitative and qualitative analyses were linked by methods triangulation. In terms of PNSB implementation, the majority of the cities (52.6%) were classified as "good", with 42.1% classified as "bad". Approximately 10 years after launching the PNSB, despite strides in oral health care and access to different levels of care, the cities still experience difficulties in implementing the policy's principles.

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Research of oral health information by patients of a University dental clinic

Biodental Engineering V ◽

10.1201/9780429265297-17 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 83-88

Author(s):

H. Costa ◽

B. Oliveira ◽

A. Oliveira ◽

A. Correia

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Health Information ◽

Dental Clinic

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Graves' disease: pathophysiological aspects and considerations about using the chemometric analysis in the study of the disease

Folia Medica ◽

10.3897/folmed.63.e57193 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 467-474

Author(s):

Pavlina M. Koseva ◽

Zdravko A. Kamenov ◽

Mariana M. Nikolova ◽

Pavlina A. Andreeva-Gateva

Keyword(s):

Treatment Strategies ◽

Well Being ◽

Chemometric Analysis ◽

Observation Group ◽

Public Concern ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Societal Problem ◽

System Disorder ◽

Individualised Treatment

Graves’ disease is an immune system disorder that results in the overproduction of thyroid hormones (hyperthyroidism). Thyroid disorders are a societal problem of great public concern because of their high prevalence. This problem can affect the well-being and quality of life of patients. The predisposing factors leading to this disease are not yet fully established and are likely to be interconnected in a complex way.  Chemometric analysis allows for the detection of specific relationships between the medical parameter measurements obtained from the patients in an observation group, and the identification of patterns of similarity between these patients. It is not commonly used in clinical trials; however, it can provide reliable information which may help in creating more successful, individualised treatment strategies for established groups (patterns) of patients. The aim of this review is to summarize the latest knowledge about the risk factors for Graves’ disease and considerations about using the chemometric analysis in the study of the disease.

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