scholarly journals Comprehensive Review of High Performing Electrochemical Biosensors for Biomedical and Environmental Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Solomon W Leung
Keyword(s):  
Au Nanoparticles ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Sensing System ◽  
Sensor Platform ◽  
Biomedical Diagnosis ◽  
Glass Carbon ◽  
Turn Around Time

Since the outbreak of COVID 19 in 2020, being able to detect diseases and chemicals with quick turn-around time becomes ever so needed and important. We have mounted seven different biocatalysts on a sensor platform to examine the performance of this electrochemical sensing system for the detection of different biomolecules/metabolites and environmental important molecules, with such we also compared how this sensing system fares with literature results of similar measurements. The sensor platform constitutes of a layer of bio composite mounted on different electrodes made out of Au, Ag, Pt, and glass carbon; the bio composite is fabricated with polymers and sol-gel Au nanoparticles with or without an extra layer of branching biomolecules. The targeting species for measurements include NH4+, NO3-, CN-, H2O2, and the biomolecules that post specific biomedical functions/identities. In this report, we provide a systematic update of analyses of this sensing system, including the unique identification potentials and sensitivities. This novel sensing system can be a valuable tool in biomedical diagnosis and environmental forensics; in particular the sensor platform used here, any biomedical diagnosis can be conducted with extremely high sensitivity as long as the biomolecules and their antigens are known.

scholarly journals Gold Nanocage-Based Electrochemical Sensing Platform for Sensitive Detection of Luteolin

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 2309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobao Li ◽  
Ruyi Zou ◽  
Yanyan Niu ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
Taiming Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Carbon Ionic Liquid Electrode ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Oxidation Peak ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Sensing System ◽  
Redox Peak ◽  
Sensing Platform ◽  
Redox Peak Current

A simple and sensitive electrochemical sensor was developed for the detection of tracelevels of luteolin. The sensoris based on a novel type of chemically modified electrode: gold nanocage (AuNCs)-modified carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE). To construct this electrochemical sensing platform for luteolin, CILE is initially prepared by using 1-hexylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate as the binder and then AuNCs are coated on the surface of CILE to fabricate AuNCs-modified CILE (AuNCs/CILE). Electrochemical studies have shown that AuNCs/CILE can exhibit enhanced electrocatalytic activity toward the redox reaction of luteolin, therefore, the redox peak current of luteolin can be greatly improved, resulting in the high sensitivity of the developed sensor. Under the optimal conditions, the oxidation peak currents of the sensor increase linearly with an increase in the luteolin concentration in a range from 1 to 1000 nM with a detection limit of 0.4 nM, which is lower than those of most reported electrochemical luteolin sensors. Moreover, the reproducibility, precision, selectivity, and stability of this sensor are excellent. Finally, the sensing system was applied to the analysis of luteolin-spiked drug samples and the recovery in all cases was 95.0–96.7%, indicating the potential application of this simple, facile, and sensitive sensing system in pharmaceutical analysis.

Electrochemical Sensing System for Detection of Tricresyl-phosphate

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyun Yang ◽  
Ruel Overfelt ◽  
Alice Zitova ◽  
Aleksandr Simonian ◽  
Jeffrey Kirsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Tricresyl Phosphate ◽  
Sensing System

scholarly journals Integrating high-performing electrochemical transducers in lateral flow assay

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Perju ◽  
Nongnoot Wongkaew
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Analytical Performance ◽  
Label Free ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Lateral Flow Assays ◽  
Electrochemical Transducers

AbstractLateral flow assays (LFAs) are the best-performing and best-known point-of-care tests worldwide. Over the last decade, they have experienced an increasing interest by researchers towards improving their analytical performance while maintaining their robust assay platform. Commercially, visual and optical detection strategies dominate, but it is especially the research on integrating electrochemical (EC) approaches that may have a chance to significantly improve an LFA’s performance that is needed in order to detect analytes reliably at lower concentrations than currently possible. In fact, EC-LFAs offer advantages in terms of quantitative determination, low-cost, high sensitivity, and even simple, label-free strategies. Here, the various configurations of EC-LFAs published are summarized and critically evaluated. In short, most of them rely on applying conventional transducers, e.g., screen-printed electrode, to ensure reliability of the assay, and additional advances are afforded by the beneficial features of nanomaterials. It is predicted that these will be further implemented in EC-LFAs as high-performance transducers. Considering the low cost of point-of-care devices, it becomes even more important to also identify strategies that efficiently integrate nanomaterials into EC-LFAs in a high-throughput manner while maintaining their favorable analytical performance.

scholarly journals 60–700 K CTAT and PTAT Temperature Sensors with 4H-SiC Schottky Diodes

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 942
Author(s):  
Razvan Pascu ◽  
Gheorghe Pristavu ◽  
Gheorghe Brezeanu ◽  
Florin Draghici ◽  
Philippe Godignon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Schottky Diodes ◽  
Schottky Contact ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Readout Circuit ◽  
Sensing Element ◽  
High Performing

A SiC Schottky dual-diode temperature-sensing element, suitable for both complementary variation of VF with absolute temperature (CTAT) and differential proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) sensors, is demonstrated over 60–700 K, currently the widest range reported. The structure’s layout places the two identical diodes in close, symmetrical proximity. A stable and high-barrier Schottky contact based on Ni, annealed at 750 °C, is used. XRD analysis evinced the even distribution of Ni2Si over the entire Schottky contact area. Forward measurements in the 60–700 K range indicate nearly identical characteristics for the dual-diodes, with only minor inhomogeneity. Our parallel diode (p-diode) model is used to parameterize experimental curves and evaluate sensing performances over this far-reaching domain. High sensitivity, upwards of 2.32 mV/K, is obtained, with satisfactory linearity (R2 reaching 99.80%) for the CTAT sensor, even down to 60 K. The PTAT differential version boasts increased linearity, up to 99.95%. The lower sensitivity is, in this case, compensated by using a high-performing, low-cost readout circuit, leading to a peak 14.91 mV/K, without influencing linearity.

scholarly journals Interfacing aptamers, nanoparticles and graphene in a hierarchical structure for highly selective detection of biomolecules in OECT devices

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlotta Peruzzi ◽  
Silvia Battistoni ◽  
Daniela Montesarchio ◽  
Matteo Cocuzza ◽  
Simone Luigi Marasso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Au Nanoparticles ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Minimal Invasiveness ◽  
Hierarchic Structure ◽  
Final Response ◽  
Detection Of Biomolecules ◽  
Good Signal ◽  
Detection Of Biomarkers

AbstractIn several biomedical applications, the detection of biomarkers demands high sensitivity, selectivity and easy-to-use devices. Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) represent a promising class of devices combining a minimal invasiveness and good signal transduction. However, OECTs lack of intrinsic selectivity that should be implemented by specific approaches to make them well suitable for biomedical applications. Here, we report on a biosensor in which selectivity and a high sensitivity are achieved by interfacing, in an OECT architecture, a novel gate electrode based on aptamers, Au nanoparticles and graphene hierarchically organized to optimize the final response. The fabricated biosensor performs state of the art limit of detection monitoring biomolecules, such as thrombin-with a limit of detection in the picomolar range (≤ 5 pM) and a very good selectivity even in presence of supraphysiological concentrations of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA-1mM). These accomplishments are the final result of the gate hierarchic structure that reduces sterich indrance that could contrast the recognition events and minimizes false positive, because of the low affinity of graphene towards the physiological environment. Since our approach can be easily applied to a large variety of different biomarkers, we envisage a relevant potential for a large series of different biomedical applications.

Core-shell Cu@C@ZIF-8 composite: a high-performance electrode material for electrochemical sensing of nitrite with high selectivity and sensitivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Gao ◽  
Xiaolong Tu ◽  
Yongfang Yu ◽  
Yansha Gao ◽  
Jin Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework ◽  
Sensing Platform ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Herein, an efficient electrochemical sensing platform is proposed for selective and sensitive detection of nitrite on the basis of Cu@C@Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (Cu@C@ZIF-8) heterostructure. Core-shell Cu@C@ZIF-8 composite was synthesized by pyrolysis of Cu-metal-organic framework@ZIF-8 (Cu-MOF@ZIF-8) in Ar atmosphere on account of the difference of thermal stability between Cu-MOF and ZIF-8. For the sensing system of Cu@C@ZIF-8, ZIF-8 with proper pore size allows nitrite diffuse through the shell, while big molecules cannot, which ensures high selectivity of the sensor. On the other hand, Cu@C as electrocatalyst promotes the oxidation of nitrite, thereby resulting high sensitivity of the sensor. Accordingly, the Cu@C@ZIF-8 based sensor presents excellent performance for nitrite detection, which achieves a wide linear response range of 0.1 µM to 300.0 µM, and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.033 µM. In addition, the Cu@C@ZIF-8 sensor possesses excellent stability and reproducibility, and was employed to quantify nitrite in sausage samples with recoveries of 95.45-104.80%.

Evaluation Humidity Sensing Properties of Graphene/HS-TiO2 Nanocomposites

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 5143-5149
Author(s):  
Zhen Zhu ◽  
Wang-De Lin
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Hollow Spheres ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Humidity Sensing ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Recovery Times ◽  
Relative Humidity Range

This paper reports on a nanocomposite synthesized by sol–gel procedure comprising graphene sheets with hollow spheres of titanium dioxide (G/HS-TiO2) with varying weight percentages of graphene for the purpose of humidity sensors. The surface morphology of the nanocomposite was characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The structural properties were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The response to 12–80% RH at room temperature exhibited sensitivity (S = 135). However, the relative humidity range of 12–90% at room temperature exhibited higher sensitivity (S = 557). Sensors fabricated using the proposed nanocomposite exhibited high sensitivity to humidity, high stability, rapid response times, and rapid recovery times with hysteresis error of less than 1.79%. These results demonstrate the outstanding potential of his material for the monitoring of atmospheric humidity. This study also sought to elucidate the mechanisms underlying humidity sensing performance.

Preparation of yolk–shell structured Ag@Cu particles and their application in high performance electrochemical sensing of p-aminobenzoic acid

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-146
Author(s):  
Tian Gan ◽  
Zhikai Wang ◽  
Mengru Chen ◽  
Wanqiu Fu ◽  
Haibo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Aminobenzoic Acid ◽  
Transmission Electron

In this work, the Ag@Cu particles with yolk–shell nanostructure was prepared by facile solvothermal method, which was modified on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to fabricate electrochemical sensor for the convenient and fast determination of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). The surface morphology and electrochemical properties of the as-prepared Ag@Cu nanocomposite modified electrode were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, chronocoulometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Further, the electrochemical sensing of PABA was performed on the Ag@Cu/GCE using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry techniques, showing high catalytic activity. Under the optimal conditions, the sensor exhibited a wide linear range, high sensitivity, and low detection limit of 0.315 μmol/L for PABA. The developed sensor was also successfully applied for PABA detection in anesthetic and cosmetics with satisfactory results.

Molybdenum Trioxide Dihydrate-Graphene Composite for Electrochemical Detection of Thiourea Molecule

NANO ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 1650036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinmeng Zhang ◽  
Kezhi Li ◽  
Hejun Li ◽  
Jinhua Lu ◽  
Leilei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Sensor ◽  
Modified Electrode ◽  
Molybdenum Trioxide ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Carbon Electrode ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Glass Carbon Electrode ◽  
Graphene Composite ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Glass Carbon

A novel electrochemical sensing platform was constructed based on a facile self-assembly procedure synthetic laminar molybdenum trioxide dihydrate (MoO[Formula: see text]H2O)-graphene composite. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy were employed to characterize the morphology and composition of the MoO[Formula: see text]H2O-graphene composite. As a model molecule, thiourea was utilized to investigate the electrochemical behaviors of the MoO[Formula: see text]H2O-graphene composite modified glass carbon electrode. The results show that the composite modified electrode has higher electron transfer rate than that of graphene modified electrode and bare glass carbon electrode meanwhile the peak currents of it has a good linear relationship with thiourea concentrations in the range of [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) with detection limit of 4.99[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M ([Formula: see text]). This novel electrochemical sensor exhibits a higher absorption capacity ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mol/cm2), a good reproducibility (1.41% relative standard deviation (RSD)), excellent anti-interference and a high stability. These excellent electrochemical properties of the MoO[Formula: see text]H2O-graphene composite are attributed to the loose and porous structure and the synergistic effects between graphene and MoO[Formula: see text]H2O, which make this composite material hold great potential applications for electrochemical sensor.

scholarly journals Effect of Conditions of Sol-Gel Synthesis and Post-Synthetic Treatment on Photoelectrochemical and Electro-Catalytic Properties of Titanium Oxide Nanostructures and Tio2-Au Nanocomposites

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
N.I. Romanovska ◽  
◽  
P.A. Manorik ◽  
V.S. Vorobets ◽  
G.Ya. Kolbasov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Au Nanoparticles ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Au Nanoparticle ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Electron Microscopies ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Carboxylate Groups ◽  
Tio2 Nanostructures

Carbon-doped mesoporous TiO2 nanostructures and TiO2-Au nanocomposites with stabilized Au nanoparticles have been synthesized by the sol-gel template method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopies, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, N2 adsorption/desorption, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and photoelectrochemical current spectroscopy. The synthesis hydrothermal treatment conditions affected the particle size, electronic structure, morphology, phase, and chemical compositions, as well as the texture of the synthesized materials. The TiO2 and TiO2-Au based electrodes were light-sensitive in a wavelength range of 250–412 nm and were distinguished by a high catalytic activity during oxygen electroreduction. The presence of -ol and carboxylate groups in the amorphous phase is the main factor affecting the photosensitivity of TiO2 nanostructures to visible light and an increase in their photoactivity during the decomposition of methylene blue upon irradiation with ultraviolet and visible light relative to pure anatase. The higher photosensitivity and photoactivity of TiO2-Au nanocomposites compared with those of the corresponding starting TiO2 is due to the synergistic effect of Au nanoparticles and interstitial Ti-O-C groups, which depends on the Au nanoparticle content of the composite and on the mesopore size.

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