scholarly journals Morphophysiology of the Epididymis of the African Sideneck Turtle (Pelusios ‎castaneus): Histological, Microstereological and Ultrastructural Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Samuel Olukole ◽  
Bankole Oke
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Posterior Segment ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Luminal Diameter ◽  
Clear Cells ◽  
Duct Epithelium ◽  
Epididymal Duct

This study was carried out to describe the morphophysiology of the epididymis of the adult African sideneck turtle using histological, microstereological and ultrastructural methods. The epididymal duct lies within a relatively thin sheath of connective tissue, and is lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium. Unlike luminal diameter and stereocilial height, epithelial height, as well as the population of principal cells, decreased from the proximal to posterior segment. The clear cells of the turtle epididymis are limited to the posterior segment of the duct. Basal and apical cells as well as intra-epithelial lymphocytes are all distributed across the three segments of the epididymis while macrophage-like cells are absent throughout the length of the duct epithelium. The structure of the African sideneck turtle epididymis demonstrates, as in most mammals and few reptiles studied to date, obvious regional differentiation of the duct epithelium with evidences of secretory and endocytotic abilities as demonstrated by the contents of highly developed endoplasmic reticulum and secretory blebs in the principal and basal cells as well as clear cells, believed to be concerned with endocytosis. The outcome of the study is expected to be useful in the comparative structural and functional anatomy of turtle epididymis.

scholarly journals HUMAN WOUND REPAIR

1968 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Ross ◽  
George Odland
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Wound Repair ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Intimate Contact ◽  
Neutrophilic Leukocytes ◽  
Connective Tissue Repair

Connective tissue repair was studied in a series of skin wounds in young adult males. The tissues were examined at 3, 12, and 24 hr, and at 2, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21 days after wounding. The neutrophilic leukocytes contain within membrane-bounded vacuoles some fibrin and serum protein from the wound; however, most of the granulocytes lyse and release their cytoplasmic contents into the extracellular space. The mononuclear cells undergo a series of morphologic alterations during which they develop a modest amount of relatively poorly developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and an extensive system of smooth-surfaced membranes prior to active phagocytosis. They could be clearly distinguished from immature fibroblasts by the differences in the development of their organelles, particularly the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The perivascular connective tissue adjacent to the wound contains cells which appear like poorly developed or immature fibroblasts. The development of these cells into mature fibroblasts can be followed during the different stages of wound repair. Intimate contact was observed between basal cells of the regenerated epidermis and monocytes in the wound below: cytoplasmic projections of the basal cells extended beneath the basement lamina to the surface of the monocytes. Such contacts were seen only on the 4th–7th day after wounding. Their possible significance is discussed.

scholarly journals The expression and localization of V-ATPase and cytokeratin 5 during postnatal development of the pig epididymis

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1077-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Jae Park ◽  
Ji-Hyuk Kim ◽  
Hack-Youn Kim ◽  
Hee-Bok Park ◽  
Juhui Choe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Clear Cells ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
Cytokeratin 5 ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Immunofluorescence Labeling ◽  
And Storage

Objective: We examined the localization and expression of H<sup>+ pumping vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) and cytokeratin 5 (KRT5) in the epididymis of pigs, expressed in clear and basal cells, respectively, during postnatal development.Methods: Epididymides were obtained from pigs at 1, 7, 21, 60, 120, and 180 days of age; we observed the localization and expression patterns of V-ATPase and KRT5 in the different regions of these organs, namely, the caput, corpus, and cauda. The differentiation of epididymal epithelial cells was determined by immunofluorescence labeling using cell-type-specific markers and observed using confocal microscopy.Results: At postnatal day 5 (PND5), the localization of clear cells commenced migration from the cauda toward the caput. Although at PND120, goblet-shaped clear cells were detected along the entire length of the epididymis, those labeled for V-ATPase had disappeared from the corpus to cauda and were maintained only in the caput epididymis in adult pigs. In contrast, whereas basal cells labeled for KRT5 were only present in the vas deferens at birth, they were detected in all regions of the epididymis at PND60. These cells were localized at the base of the epithelium; however, no basal cells characterized by luminally extending cell projections were observed in any of the adult epididymides examined.Conclusion: The differentiation of clear and basal cells progressively initiates in a retrograde manner from the cauda to the caput epididymis. The cell-type-specific distribution and localization of the epithelial cells play important roles in establishing a unique luminal environment for sperm maturation and storage in the pig epididymis.

scholarly journals An atlas of cell types in the mammalian epididymis and vas deferens

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera D. Rinaldi ◽  
Elisa Donnard ◽  
Kyle J. Gellatly ◽  
Morten Rasmussen ◽  
Alper Kucukural ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Regional Specialization ◽  
Clear Cells ◽  
Principal Cells ◽  
Mammalian Sperm ◽  
Genomic Clusters

ABSTRACTFollowing spermatogenesis in the testis, mammalian sperm continue to mature over the course of approximately 10 days as they transit a long epithelial tube known as the epididymis. The epididymis is comprised of multiple segments/compartments that, in addition to concentrating sperm and preventing their premature activation, play key roles in remodeling the protein, lipid, and RNA composition of maturing sperm. In order to understand the complex roles for the epididymis in reproductive biology, we generated a single cell atlas of gene expression from the murine epididymis and vas deferens. We recovered all the key cell types of the epididymal epithelium, including principal cells, clear cells, and basal cells, along with associated support cells that include fibroblasts, smooth muscle, macrophages and other immune cells. Moreover, our data illuminate extensive regional specialization of principal cell populations across the length of the epididymis, with a substantial fraction of segment-specific genes localized in genomic clusters of functionally-related genes. In addition to the extensive region-specific specialization of principal cells, we find evidence for functionally-specialized subpopulations of stromal cells, and, most notably, two distinct populations of clear cells. Analysis of ligand/receptor expression reveals a network of potential cellular signaling connections, with several predicted interactions between cell types that may play roles in immune cell recruitment and other aspects of epididymal function. Our dataset extends on existing knowledge of epididymal biology, and provides a wealth of information on potential regulatory and signaling factors that bear future investigation.

Intracellular localization of types I and II collagen mRNA and endoplasmic reticulum in embryonic corneal epithelia

1991 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.K. Svoboda
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Type I ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Double Labeling ◽  
Collagen Mrna

The intracellular distribution of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and types I and II collagen mRNA was analyzed in whole-mount preparations of freshly isolated corneal epithelia using in situ hybridization combined with confocal laser scanning analysis. The ER stained with DiOC6 (3) was prominent in both the periderm and basal cells. The basal cell ER distribution was perinuclear in the center of the cells, but below the nucleus the ER occupied nearly all of the cytoplasm in a reticular pattern similar to that seen with TEM cross-sections. Initial single label in situ hybridization studies showed that both the periderm and basal cells were positive for both types I and II collagen mRNA. The collagen cDNA probes appeared perinuclear in the center of the basal cells, similar to the DiOC6(3) staining pattern. In double-labeling experiments, the two mRNAs that translate chains of type I collagen, alpha 1 and alpha 2, colocalized within the same cell. However, the hybridization of probes specific for type I and II collagen mRNAs had separate, but overlapping, distributions within the same cell.

Anatomy, Histology, and Ultrastructure of Salivary Glands of the Burrower Bug, Scaptocoris castanea (Hemiptera: Cydnidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1482-1490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamile Fernanda Silva Cossolin ◽  
Luis Carlos Martínez ◽  
Monica Josene Barbosa Pereira ◽  
Lucia Madalena Vivan ◽  
Hakan Bozdoğan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Accessory Gland ◽  
Excretory Duct ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Narrow Lumen

AbstractThe burrower bug Scaptocoris castanea Perty, 1830 (Hemiptera: Cydnidae) is an agricultural pest feeding on roots of several crops. The histology and ultrastructure of the salivary glands of S. castanea were described. The salivary system has a pair of principal salivary glands and a pair of accessory salivary glands. The principal salivary gland is bilobed with anterior and posterior lobes joined by a hilus where an excretory duct occurs. The accessory salivary gland is tubular with a narrow lumen that opens into the hilus near the excretory duct, suggesting that its secretion is stored in the lumen of the principal gland. The cytoplasm of the secretory cells is rich in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles with different electron densities and mitochondria. At the base of the accessory gland epithelium, there were scattered cells that do not reach the gland lumen, with the cytoplasm rich in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, indicating a role in protein production. Data show that principal and accessory salivary glands of S. castanea produce proteinaceous saliva. This is the first morphological description of the S. castanea salivary system that is similar to other Hemiptera Pentatomomorpha, but with occurrence of basal cells in the accessory salivary gland.

Reduction in myotendinous junction surface area of rats subjected to 4-day spaceflight

1992 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Tidball ◽  
D. M. Quan
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Myotendinous Junction ◽  
Relative Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Loading ◽  
Folding Factor

The surface area of myotendinous junctions (MTJs), expressed relative to the cross-sectional area of myofibrils attached to them, was determined using established morphometric techniques in which the digitlike processes of the cell at MTJs are modeled as circular paraboloids. The relative area, called the folding factor, was measured for six rats after a 4-day spaceflight and six control rats maintained in a vivarium under otherwise identical conditions. Spaceflight resulted in a significant reduction in relative MTJ surface area, from 19.7 +/- 2.3 (SD) in control animals to 13.3 +/- 2.5 for animals after spaceflight. Furthermore, space animals displayed increased numbers of fibroblasts enriched in rough endoplasmic reticulum near the MTJ, a greater number of ribosomes and mitochondria within muscle at the MTJ, and increased occurrence of lesions in the connective tissue near the MTJ. The results indicate that spaceflight, possibly through the removal of gravity-associated loading from muscle, causes a modification in MTJ structure and may result in injuries at MTJs after return to normal loading.

Immortalization by large T-antigen of the adult epididymal duct epithelium

2004 ◽  
Vol 216 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 83-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Kirchhoff ◽  
Yoshihiko Araki ◽  
Ilpo Huhtaniemi ◽  
Robert J Matusik ◽  
Caroline Osterhoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Antigen ◽  
Large T Antigen ◽  
Duct Epithelium ◽  
Epididymal Duct

scholarly journals DIFFERENTIATION OF ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM IN HEPATOCYTES

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Leskes ◽  
P. Siekevitz ◽  
G. E. Palade
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Enzyme Reaction ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Lead Phosphate ◽  
Cytochemical Localization ◽  
Actual Distribution ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Microsome Fraction

Electron microscope cytochemical localization of glucose-6-phosphatase in the developing hepatocytes of fetal and newborn rats indicates that the enzyme appears simultaneously in all the rough endoplasmic reticulum of a cell, although asynchronously within the hepatocyte population as a whole. To confirm that the pattern of cytochemical deposits reflects the actual distribution of enzyme sites, a method to subfractionate rough endoplasmic reticulum was developed. The procedure is based on the retention of the cytochemical reaction product (precipitated lead phosphate) within freshly prepared rough microsomes reacted in vitro with glucose-6-phosphate and lead ions. Lead phosphate increases the density of the microsomes which have glucose-6-phosphatase activity and thereby makes possible their separation from microsomes lacking the enzyme; separation is obtained by isopycnic centrifugation on a two-step density gradient. The procedure was applied to rough microsomes isolated from rats at several stages during hepatocyte differentiation and the results obtained agree with those given by cytochemical studies in situ. Before birth, when only some of the cells react positively for glucose-6-phosphatase, only a commensurate proportion of the rough microsome fraction can be rendered dense by the enzyme reaction. At the time of birth and in the adult, when all cells react positively, practically all microsomes acquire deposit and become dense after reaction. Thus, the results of the microsome subfractionation confirm the cytochemical findings; the enzyme is evenly distributed throughout all the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell and there is no regional differentiation within the rough endoplasmic reticulum with respect to glucose-6-phosphatase. These findings suggest that new components are inserted molecule-by-molecule into a pre-existing structural framework. The membranes are thus mosaics of old and new molecules and do not contain large regions of entirely "new" membrane in which all of the components are newly synthesized or newly assembled.

scholarly journals An atlas of cell types in the mouse epididymis and vas deferens

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera D Rinaldi ◽  
Elisa Donnard ◽  
Kyle Gellatly ◽  
Morten Rasmussen ◽  
Alper Kucukural ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Regional Specialization ◽  
Clear Cells ◽  
Principal Cells ◽  
Mammalian Sperm ◽  
Epithelial Tube ◽  
Mouse Epididymis

Following testicular spermatogenesis, mammalian sperm continue to mature in a long epithelial tube known as the epididymis, which plays key roles in remodeling sperm protein, lipid, and RNA composition. To understand the roles for the epididymis in reproductive biology, we generated a single-cell atlas of the murine epididymis and vas deferens. We recovered key epithelial cell types including principal cells, clear cells, and basal cells, along with associated support cells that include fibroblasts, smooth muscle, macrophages and other immune cells. Moreover, our data illuminate extensive regional specialization of principal cell populations across the length of the epididymis. In addition to region-specific specialization of principal cells, we find evidence for functionally specialized subpopulations of stromal cells, and, most notably, two distinct populations of clear cells. Our dataset extends on existing knowledge of epididymal biology, and provides a wealth of information on potential regulatory and signaling factors that bear future investigation.

Microvascular responses in rabbit skeletal muscle after fixed volume hemorrhage

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (1) ◽  
pp. H190-H196 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Borgstrom ◽  
S. P. Bruttig ◽  
L. Lindbom ◽  
M. Intaglietta ◽  
K. E. Arfors
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Critical Diameter ◽  
Volume Flow ◽  
Blood Flow Pattern ◽  
Luminal Diameter ◽  
Nutrient Flow ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Observation Period

The effect of hemorrhage on the microvascular responses in the tenuissimus muscle was studied by means of intravital microscopy in rabbits anesthetized with urethan. The rabbits were bled 30% of their calculated blood volume within 3 min. Hemorrhage initially caused mean arterial pressure to drop from 70 +/- 7 to 26 +/- 5 mmHg. During the subsequent 30-min observation period it increased to 43 +/- 8 mmHg. The transverse arterioles (TRs), supplying both muscle tissue proper and adjacent connective tissue, gradually constricted to 75% of control over the 30-min period. Terminal arterioles (TEs) branching from the TR in the muscle tissue constricted to 65% in 10 min and then gradually relaxed, eventually reaching 80% of control diameter. The constriction of the TEs was confined to a short sphincterlike structure (10–20 microns) at the origin of the bifurcation. Upon constriction, the diameter of the sphincterlike structure was less than the critical diameter for erythrocyte passage. Given that the effective blood viscosity in the narrow TE is strongly dependent on luminal diameter, the overall effect on blood flow and its distribution in the tenuissimus muscle was a dramatic reduction of volume flow to 20–30% of the control value. During the early phase, the reduced flow was diverted to the connective tissue at the expense of nutrient flow to the muscle tissue. This early blood flow pattern gradually reversed, partially restoring nutrient flow to the muscle fibers.

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