scholarly journals Infinite Teaching (R) In Collection and (R*) By Allegory and Conformity

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Ahmad hedayatpanah shaldehi ◽  
◽  
Marziyeh hedayatpanah shaldehi, shaldehi ◽  
Kolachahi Sabet Mohammad Taghi ◽  
Mohammad Saeed hedayatpanah shaldehi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Energy Parameter ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Polymer Mixtures ◽  
Chlorinated Polyethylene ◽  
Mixing Energy ◽  
Polar Groups ◽  
Lower Critical Temperature ◽  
Scientific Base ◽  
Compatibility Of Polymers

In given work a scientific base compatibility of polymers, produced by industry have been studied by revealing of thermodynamically regularities of polymer mixtures. The most significant thermodynamic regularities of the mixtures of polyolefin , produced by industry and heterochained polymers have been revealed and on this base the scientific bases of their compatibility have been developed for creation of multicomponent compositional materials with given complex of operating properties. Key words: polymer-polymer mixtures, chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), polymethylmetaacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene of low density (PELD), chlorcarboxylated polyethylene of low density (CCPE) chlorinated PELD (CPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), criteria of compatibility, chlorination, upper and lower critical temperature, specific holding of volume, Qibbs mixing energy, parameter of solubility, distribution of macromolecules, chlorine-chlorocontaining polymers, polar groups, thermodynamically compatibility, sorbate, gas-carrier.

scholarly journals Thermodinamics and Mutual Distribution of Macromolecules in the Systems: Chlorine Chlorocontaining Polymers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Shixaliyev Kerem Seyfi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Parameter ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Polymer Mixtures ◽  
Chlorinated Polyethylene ◽  
Mixing Energy ◽  
Polar Groups ◽  
Lower Critical Temperature ◽  
Scientific Base ◽  
Compatibility Of Polymers ◽  
Mutual Distribution

In given work a scientific base compatibility of polymers, produced by industry have been studied by revealing of thermodynamically regularities of polymer mixtures. The most significant thermodynamic regularities of the mixtures of polyolefin , produced by industry and heterochained polymers have been revealed and on this base the scientific bases of their compatibility have been developed for creation of multicomponent compositional materials with given complex of operating properties. Key words: polymer-polymer mixtures, chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), polymethylmetaacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene of low density (PELD), chlorcarboxylated polyethylene of low density (CCPE) chlorinated PELD (CPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), criteria of compatibility, chlorination, upper and lower critical temperature, specific holding of volume, Qibbs mixing energy, parameter of solubility, distribution of macromolecules, chlorine-chlorocontaining polymers, polar groups, thermodynamically compatibility, sorbate, gas-carrier.

scholarly journals Thermodinamics and Mutual Distribution of Macromolecules in the Systems: Chlorine Chlorocontaining Polymers

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Shixaliyev Kerem Seyfi
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Mixtures ◽  
Operating Properties ◽  
Scientific Base ◽  
Compatibility Of Polymers ◽  
Mutual Distribution

In given work a scientific base compatibility of polymers, produced by industry have been studied by revealing of thermodynamically regularities of polymer mixtures. The most significant thermodynamic regularities of the mixtures of polyolefin , produced by industry and heterochained polymers have been revealed and on this base the scientific bases of their compatibility have been developed for creation of multicomponent compositional materials with given complex of operating properties.

Crystalline-To-Amorphous Transformation of Intermetallic Compounds in the Zr-Fe-M System Induced by Irradiation

1994 ◽  
Vol 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur T. Motta ◽  
Lawrence M. Howe ◽  
Paul R. Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Electron Energy ◽  
Energy Dependence ◽  
Electron Irradiation ◽  
Critical Temperatures ◽  
Lower Critical Temperature ◽  
Ternary Intermetallic Compounds

AbstractThe binary and ternary intermetallic compounds Zr3Fe, Zr2 Fe, (Zr0.5,Nb0.5)3Fe, Zr3(Fe0.9,Ni0.1) and Zr3(Fe0.5,Ni0.5) were subjected to 900 keV electron irradiation until amorphous to study the change in the dose-to-amorphization with temperature. The critical temperatures were observed to vary with dose rate, and with the type of compound. Hexagonal (Zr0.5,Nb0.5)3Fe had an appreciably lower critical temperature and higher dose to amorphization at low temperature than orthorombic Zr3Fe, whereas other orthorombic Zr3(Fex,NiI-x) compounds were essentially identical in behavior to Zr3Fe. The electron energy dependence of the dose-to-amorphization was studied in Zr3Fe between 250 and 900 keV. The analysis of the results gives displacement energies of EZrd = 26 eV, EFed = 18 eV in the Zr3Fe compound.

scholarly journals Laboratory Metabolism of Incubating Semipalmated Plovers

The Condor ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 966-970
Author(s):  
Mark Williamson ◽  
Joseph B. Williams ◽  
Erica Nol
Keyword(s):  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
Basal Metabolism ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Lower Critical Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Data

Abstract Abstract The Semipalmated Plover (Charadriussemipalmatus), anarctic-nesting migratory shorebird, regularlyencounters low temperatures during the breedingseason. We measured the basal metabolism of adultsduring incubation at Churchill, Manitoba, Canada todetermine basal metabolic rate (BMR),lower critical temperature(Tlc), total evaporative waterloss (TEWL), and dry thermal conductance(Cm). BMR and Tlcwere 47.4 kJ day−1and 23.3°C, respectively, TEWL was2.5 mL H2O−d,and Cm was1.13 mW g−1 °C−1.Measured BMR and Tlc were consistentwith high values found for other shorebird speciesbreeding in the Arctic, while Cm was18% higher than predicted from allometricequations. These metabolic data suggest thatSemipalmated Plovers are adapted to balance therequirements of incubation against energetic andthermoregulatory demands in the Arctic, especiallyin harsh early breeding season conditions.

Regulation of metabolic rate in Svalbard and Norwegian reindeer

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (5) ◽  
pp. R837-R841 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Nilssen ◽  
J. A. Sundsfjord ◽  
A. S. Blix
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Conservation Of Energy ◽  
Winter Food ◽  
Lower Critical Temperature

Food intake, body weight, serum levels of triiodothyronine (T3) and free thyroxine (FT4), and metabolic rate were measured at intervals in Svalbard (SR) and Norwegian (NR) reindeer. From summer to winter food intake decreased 57 (SR) and 55% (NR), while body weight decreased 8.6 (SR) and 3.8% (NR). In SR T3 and FT4 changed seasonally, whereas this was only evident for T3 in NR. Resting (standing) metabolic rate (RMR) in winter was 1.55 (SR) and 2.05 W X kg-1 (NR), lower critical temperature (TLC) being -50 (SR) and -30 degrees C (NR). RMR in summer was 2.15 (SR) and 2.95 W X kg-1 (NR), TLC being -15 (SR) and 0 degrees C (NR). Seasonal changes in T3 and FT4 did not coincide with changes in food intake or RMR in either SR or NR. RMR did, however, correlate with food intake. This indicates that seasonal changes in RMR are due to the thermic effects of feeding and represent no physiological adaptation aimed at conservation of energy during winter.

The effect of departures from lower critical temperature on the group postural behaviour of pigs

1981 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Boon
Keyword(s):  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Floor Area ◽  
Lower Critical Temperature ◽  
Physical Variables

ABSTRACTThe postural behaviour of a group of 12 pigs in a pen was studied whilst the air temperature was varied, all physical variables except pig weight being held constant. The air temperature was varied between −4°C and + 5°C of the theoretical lower critical temperature. The range of live weight was from 30kg to 75 kg. An indication of whether the pigs were above or below their lower critical temperature was obtained from the amount of huddling. Pigs of less than 45 kg live weight had a greater tendency to modify their environment by altering their posture. Measurements of floor-area covered showed that pigs over 50 kg live weight occupied an area approximately equal to the recommended minimum whilst smaller pigs occupied up to 20% less area than that recommended, depending upon the temperature: this was due to the tendency of smaller pigs to lie on top of each other when cold.

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