Regulation of metabolic rate in Svalbard and Norwegian reindeer

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (5) ◽  
pp. R837-R841 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Nilssen ◽  
J. A. Sundsfjord ◽  
A. S. Blix
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Conservation Of Energy ◽  
Winter Food ◽  
Lower Critical Temperature

Food intake, body weight, serum levels of triiodothyronine (T3) and free thyroxine (FT4), and metabolic rate were measured at intervals in Svalbard (SR) and Norwegian (NR) reindeer. From summer to winter food intake decreased 57 (SR) and 55% (NR), while body weight decreased 8.6 (SR) and 3.8% (NR). In SR T3 and FT4 changed seasonally, whereas this was only evident for T3 in NR. Resting (standing) metabolic rate (RMR) in winter was 1.55 (SR) and 2.05 W X kg-1 (NR), lower critical temperature (TLC) being -50 (SR) and -30 degrees C (NR). RMR in summer was 2.15 (SR) and 2.95 W X kg-1 (NR), TLC being -15 (SR) and 0 degrees C (NR). Seasonal changes in T3 and FT4 did not coincide with changes in food intake or RMR in either SR or NR. RMR did, however, correlate with food intake. This indicates that seasonal changes in RMR are due to the thermic effects of feeding and represent no physiological adaptation aimed at conservation of energy during winter.

scholarly journals Laboratory Metabolism of Incubating Semipalmated Plovers

The Condor ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 966-970
Author(s):  
Mark Williamson ◽  
Joseph B. Williams ◽  
Erica Nol
Keyword(s):  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
Basal Metabolism ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Lower Critical Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Data

Abstract Abstract The Semipalmated Plover (Charadriussemipalmatus), anarctic-nesting migratory shorebird, regularlyencounters low temperatures during the breedingseason. We measured the basal metabolism of adultsduring incubation at Churchill, Manitoba, Canada todetermine basal metabolic rate (BMR),lower critical temperature(Tlc), total evaporative waterloss (TEWL), and dry thermal conductance(Cm). BMR and Tlcwere 47.4 kJ day−1and 23.3°C, respectively, TEWL was2.5 mL H2O−d,and Cm was1.13 mW g−1 °C−1.Measured BMR and Tlc were consistentwith high values found for other shorebird speciesbreeding in the Arctic, while Cm was18% higher than predicted from allometricequations. These metabolic data suggest thatSemipalmated Plovers are adapted to balance therequirements of incubation against energetic andthermoregulatory demands in the Arctic, especiallyin harsh early breeding season conditions.

scholarly journals Seasonal changes of body weight and food intake in captive sika deer(Cerves nippon)

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshio SHIRAISHI ◽  
Yoshiko NAKAGUCHI ◽  
Shinichi HAYAMA ◽  
Norio TOKITA ◽  
Kengo FURUBAYASHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Sika Deer

The effect of daily photoperiod on the wool growth of Merino rams subjected to unrestricted and restricted feeding regimes

1964 ◽  
Vol 4 (13) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Williams
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Period Variation ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Significant Period ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Daily Food

Twelve adult Merino rams were divided into two groups matched for body weight and previous fleece weights. One group was subjected to a reversed and accentuated rhythm of seasonal changes in day length. The second group received normal seasonal changes in day length (latitude 32�s). There was no temperature control for either group. For eighteen months, these rams were fed a constant ration ad lib. Daily food intakes and wool growth from a tattooed mid-side patch were recorded. Although the periodic differences in wool growth were very highly significant (P<0.001), no well defined rhythm of wool growth was expressed. There was a highly significant treatment x period interaction (P<0.001). Examination of daily food intake values revealed very highly significant period interaction ; due to a positive relation between day length and food intake during part of the eighteen months. In each treatment group, 75 per cent of the period variation in wool growth could be accounted for by variations in food intake. During a further period of fifteen months, when all rams received the same quantity of a constant diet, there was a progressive loss of body weight which amounted to 18 per cent of the initial weight in each group. The wool growth responses of the two groups were similar, and there was no significant interaction term. The very highly significant period variation in wool growth was confined largely to the first three months following the decreased intake. It appears that temperature and day length have little direct effort on wool growth of Merino sheep. However, day length may influence wool growth indirectly through its effect on voluntary food intake.

Injections of Galanin-Like Peptide directly into the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (NTS) reduces food intake and body weight but increases metabolic rate and plasma leptin

Neuropeptides ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindy Sergeant ◽  
Carla Rodriguez-Dimitrescu ◽  
Christopher C. Barney ◽  
Gregory S. Fraley
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Plasma Leptin

SEASONAL CHANGES IN METABOLIC ACTIVITY OF NON-HIBERNATING WOODCHUCKS

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 905-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward D. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Great Increase ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Marmota Monax

The metabolic activity of non-hibernating woodchucks (Marmota monax) was measured over a 1-year period. The Haldane method of indirect calorimetry was used to measure CO2 production to provide an index of metabolism. The metabolic rate was seasonally cyclic, reaching a peak in May and decreasing gradually throughout the summer. The lowest monthly values occurred from November through February (the normal time of hibernation for these animals), though the animals were kept from hibernating. The seasonal decrease in metabolism probably creates a physiological predisposition for hibernation and allows fat deposition without a great increase in food intake.

Abstract 19336: Chronic Vagal Nerve Stimulation Causes Weight Loss by Reducing Food Intake and Feeding Efficiency in Mice

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald M Stauss ◽  
Daniel P Dias ◽  
Donald A Morgan ◽  
Kamal Rahmouni
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Vagal Nerve ◽  
Feeding Efficiency

Chronic electrical vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) has emerged as a new tool to treat human diseases including obesity. Indeed, chronic VNS has been shown to cause weight loss in humans and in experimental animal models. However, the mechanisms for VNS-induced weight loss are largely unknown. We hypothesized that an increase in metabolic rate together with reduced caloric intake and reduced feeding efficiency (body weight gain per calories consumed) contribute to chronic VNS-induced weight loss or reduced weight gain. To test this hypothesis, we developed a miniaturized microprocessor-operated nerve stimulator for chronic use in conscious mice. Effectiveness of the stimulator was verified by bradycardia at stimulation frequencies above 5 Hz (3V, 1mA, 1ms pulses). Male C57Bl/6 mice (16 weeks old, standard mouse chow diet) were instrumented with nerve stimulators (3V, 1mA, 1ms pulses at 5 Hz) on the right cervical vagal nerve and body weight, food intake and metabolic rate (indirect calorimetry) were determined at baseline and weekly thereafter. After the initial post-surgical weight loss, sham animals (n=9, stimulators off) regained pre-surgical body weight within 16 days (100.0±2.7%). In contrast, mice with chronic VNS (n=12) never reestablished pre-surgical body weight (94.5±0.9% on day 16, P<0.05 vs. sham). Caloric intake was significantly reduced in mice with chronic VNS compared to sham animals (74.7±2.4 vs. 84.6±4.2 kcal/week, P<0.05). Likewise, mice with chronic VNS showed significantly reduced feeding efficiency compared to sham mice (2.6±2.0 vs. 10.6±2.4 mg body weight gain per kcal consumed). Oxygen consumption tended to be elevated (2734±152 vs. 2490±124 mL/kg/h, P=0.23) during the first week, but not thereafter. In conclusion reduced food intake and lower feeding efficiency contribute to reduced weight gain in mice with chronic VNS. We speculate that an initial increase in metabolic rate (assessed by oxygen consumption) may be antagonized by compensatory mechanisms in response to chronic VNS.

Selective estrogen receptor modulator promotes weight loss in ovariectomized female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) by decreasing food intake and increasing activity

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (7) ◽  
pp. E759-E767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elinor L. Sullivan ◽  
Jean Shearin ◽  
Frank H. Koegler ◽  
Judy L. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Receptor Modulator ◽  
Female Rhesus

The effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on body weight in postmenopausal women is controversial, with studies reporting an increase, a decrease, and no change in body weight. To examine estrogen receptor actions on body weight, we investigated the effects of treatment with a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) on body weight, food intake, and activity and metabolic rate in a nonhuman primate model. Eighteen ovariectomized female rhesus monkeys were treated with a nonsteroidal SERM (GSK232802A, 5 mg/kg po) for 3 mo. GSK232802A decreased lutenizing hormone ( P < 0.0001) and follicle-stimulating hormone levels ( P < 0.0001), consistent with the estrogenic action of the compound. GSK232802A treatment produced a small but sustained weight loss (4.6 ± 1.0%, P < 0.0001) and reduced adiposity ( P < 0.0001), which was due at least in part to a suppression of food intake (3.6 ± 3.7%, P < 0.0001). Physical activity increased during the 3rd mo of treatment ( P = 0.04). Baseline activity level and the change in activity due to treatment were correlated, with the most sedentary individuals exhibiting increased physical activity during the 1st mo of treatment ( P = 0.02). Metabolic rate did not change ( P = 0.58). These results indicate that GSK232802A treatment reduces body weight and adiposity in ovariectomized nonhuman primates by suppressing food intake and increasing activity, particularly in the most sedentary individuals. These findings suggest that SERM treatment may counteract weight gain in postmenopausal women.

Effect of ambient temperature on energy metabolism in growing pigs

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. F. Verhagen ◽  
A. A. M. Kloosterman ◽  
A. Slijkhuis ◽  
M. W. A. Verstegen
Keyword(s):  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Maintenance Requirement ◽  
Lower Critical Temperature ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Ad Libitum

ABSTRACTGroup-housed young growing pigs, given food ad libitum, were exposed to two temperatures, one within thermal neutrality (25°C) and one around the lower critical temperature (15°C). Pigs at 15°C had daily gains reduced by 57 g for 6 days after initial exposure. Food intake was increased significantly after 6 days at 15°C but not at 25°C. Maintenance requirement was increased by 58 kJ/kg M0·75 and energy retained as protein was decreased by 49 kJ/kg M0·75 for the first 6 days after exposure to the treatment of 15°C and thereafter both became equivalent to those of pigs at 25°C afterwards. It is concluded that animals were acclimatized after 6 days exposure.

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