scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY ANALYSIS OF SWERTIA CHIRAYITA AND ARTEMISIA ABSINTHIUM PLANT EXTRACTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Afzal ◽  
B Aftab ◽  
J Siddique ◽  
S Babar ◽  
A Sohail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Artemisia Absinthium ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Swertia Chirayita

The Swertia chirayita and Artemisia absinthium (Afsanteen) plants extracts were evaluated for phytochemicals and their antimicrobial activity against 3 bacteria and 2 fungal strains by using the disc diffusion technique. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, saponins, and terpenoids in Swertia chirayita while in Artemisia absinthium only saponins, terpenoids were present. To a very small extent tannins were present in the ethanolic extract of Afsanteen. But both plant extracts gave negative results for the presence of cardiac glycosides. Antibacterial activity of Swertia chirayita and Afsanteen plant extracts were screened against 3 bacterial strains (E. coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas syringola) and 2 fungal strains (Aspergillus niger and Fusarium Solani). Ampicillin was used as a standard drug for antibacterial and antifungal activity. Results showed that Afsanteen and chirayita extracts showed activity against bacterial strains except for chirayita n-hexane and ethanol extract for Bacillus subtilis and Chirayita n-hexane extract for Pseudomonas syringola. A maximum zone of inhibition was noticed for chirayita ethanol extract against Pseudomonas syringola. But both plant extracts showed zero activity against fungal strains except Chirayita acetone extract against Fusarium solani while chirayita ethanol extract against Aspergillus niger. Both extracts of plants gave concentration-dependent activity. It was concluded that the presence of antimicrobial activity for both plant extracts indicated that is due to the presence of phytochemical compounds.

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one derivatives containing a hydrazone moiety

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua-Nan Peng ◽  
Li-Min Ye ◽  
Ming Zhang ◽  
Yan-Chun Yang ◽  
Jie Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
C Nmr

AbstractThe title compounds were synthesized and characterized by IR,1H NMR,13C NMR and HRMS data. Their antimicrobial activities against bacterial strainsEscherichia coliand fungal strainsAspergillus nigerwere evaluated.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Mononuclear and Bionuclear Nitrite Complexes of Platinum (II) and Platinum (IV)

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-342
Author(s):  
Olesya Salishcheva ◽  
Alyeksandr Prosyekov ◽  
V. Dolganuk
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Platinum Complexes ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Complexing Agent ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

Introduction. Pathogens keep evolving and develop resistance to antimicrobial drugs. As a result, science is constantly searching for new antimicrobial agents. Their complex forms based on organic and inorganic ligands exhibit a stronger synergistic antimicrobial effect, if compared to free ligands. The Scopus database contains 73 thousand scientific articles about antimicrobial activity descriptors published during the last five years. This selection includes ten thousand reviews and three thousand publications that feature the antimicrobial activity of platinum complexes. The research objective was to screen the antimicrobial properties of platinum nitrite complexes. The present paper highlights some of the current domestic and foreign trends in this field of research: the biochemical synthesis of peptides as metabolites of bacteria; the development of anti-biofilm agents that act on the protective systems of pathogens; the creation of antimicrobial nanosystems; the synthesis of antimicrobial surfactants; the synthesis and study of the antimicrobial activity of platinum complexes, etc. The authors also give a brief description of the mechanisms of antibacterial action. Study objects and methods. Five previously synthesized complexes of platinum (II) and platinum (IV), both mononuclear and bionuclear, were tested for antimicrobial activity. The platinum complexes contained terminal and bridged nitrite ligands. The test cultures included Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger. The experiment involved the disk-diffusion method and the macro method of serial dilutions. Results and discussion. All the complexes inhibited the metabolic growth of microorganisms to various degrees. The results depended on the composition and structure of the complex, the number and charge of the coordination centers, the degree of platinum oxidation, and the thermodynamic stability and lability of ligand bonds with the complexing agent. The response to Aspergillus niger proved more pronounced. The Pt+2 nonelectrolyte complex containing both terminal and bridged nitrite ligands was less active than the Pt+2 cationic complex, which contained only bridged NO2– ligands. The highest antibacterial activity belonged to the bionuclear complex of PtIV-PtII [(NH3)2 (NO2)2PtIV(µ-NO2)2PtII(NH3)2](NO3)2 in relation to Bacillus subtilis B4647 and Aspergillus niger. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was > 125 μmol. Conclusion. The complexing resulted in a synergistic effect between the ligand and the complexing substance. The poly-core complexes contain two or more linked platinum centers that can covalently bind to DNA. They form a completely different type of DNA adducts compared to mononuclear complexes, as well as cross-links between DNA chains with fixation on different parts. The octahedral platinum complexes are kinetic and thermodynamically inert. Unlike similar squamous complexes, they proved to be able to act as prodrugs, recovering inside or outside the bacterial cell. The antimicrobial activity of the mixed-valence PtIV-PtII bionuclear complex [(NH3)2 (NO2)2PtIV(µ-NO2)2PtII(NH3)2](NO3)2 produced inhibitory effect comparable to the existing antimicrobial drugs. A further research will focus on composite mixtures of platinum complexes with other existing antimicrobial agents, as well as on other bacterial strains.

scholarly journals ANTIFUNGAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ALOE VERA PLANT EXTRACT

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Danish ◽  
Q Ali ◽  
MM Hafeez ◽  
A Malik
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Bacillus Megaterium ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Fungal Strains

Aloe vera is a well-known medicinal plant used in many therapeutic purposes. Naturally it is composed of many useful compounds that have ability to use for treatment of many diseases. The active compounds reported in this plant are saponins, sugar, enzymes, vitamins, aloesin, aloeemodin, aloin, acemannan aloemannan, aloeride, methylchromones, flavonoids, naftoquinones, sterols, minerals, anthraquinones, amino acids, lignin and salicylic acid and other different compounds including fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins, enzymes, minerals, simple/complex sugars, organic acid and phenolic compounds. In this study aloe vera is used for antibacterial and antifulgal activity against different strains of bacteria and pathogenic fungal strains. Ethanol extract of Aloe vera leaves and roots is applied on these bacterial and fungal strains in different concentrations (15, 20, 25, 30µl). Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtitis, Bacillus megaterium, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and some other bacterial strains are used for this study. Escherichia coli and Agrobacterium tumefacins shows zone of inhibition around 18mm which consider as good result. Bacillus subtitis and Bacillus megaterium also shows good result around 16mm. Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa shows minimum zone of inhibition which is around 11mm. among all used fungal strains (fuserium oxysporum, Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger) fuserium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger shows excellent results around 19mm both against root extract and leaves extract.

In vitro antimicrobial and preliminary phytochemical screening of some Samburu Anti‐diarrhoeal medicinal plants ‐ Kenya

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 217-226
Author(s):  
E. O. Omwenga ◽  
P. O. Okemo ◽  
P. K. Mbugua
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Local Isolate ◽  
Agar Disc

The antimicrobial effect of some selected Samburu medicinal plants was evaluated on bacterial strains like Staphylococcus aureus ‐ ATCC 20591, Bacillus subtillis ‐ Local isolate, Salmonella typhi‐ATCC 2202, Escherichia coli‐STD. 25922 and Pseudomonas aeroginosa ‐ ATCC 25852 and fungal strains like Candida albicans ATCC EK138, Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404, Aspergillusflavus‐Local isolate, Fusarium lateritium‐Local isolate, and Penicillium spp.‐ local isolate. Methanol was used as solvent for the extraction from the selected medicinal plants used by the Samburu community. The in vitro antimicrobial activity was performed by agar disc diffusion and micro‐dilution technique. The most susceptible Gram‐positive bacterium was S. aureus, while the most susceptible Gram‐negative bacterium was P. aeroginosa. The extracts of Gomphocarpus fruticosus (L) W.T. Aiton showed less activity against the bacterial strains investigated. The most active antibacterial plants were Euphorbia scarlatica S. Carter, and Euclea divinoram Hiern. Incidentally most of the extracts were inactive against the fungal strains with only a few proving to be slightly active against the C. albicans i.e. Loranthus acaciae Zucc., Kedrostis pseudogijef (Gilg) C. Jeffrey, Euclea divinoram Hiern. and Croton macrostachyus (A. Rich). Benths. The significant antimicrobial activity of active extracts was compared with the standard antimicrobials, cefrodoxima, amoxicillin and fluconazole. The MICs of the most active plants ranged from 18.75mg/ml to 37.50mg/ml. The MBCs ranged between 18.75mg/ml to75mg/ml. These results were significant at P< 0.01. The findings show that most of the medicinal plants used by the Samburu community have some significant activity on the bacterial but not fungal pathogens known to cause diarrhoea.

scholarly journals Thymol and its Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0800300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajai Kumar ◽  
Suriya P. Singh ◽  
Sudarshan S. Chhokar
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Acid Chlorides ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Broth Dilution

From the seeds of C arum copticum thymol (1) was isolated as the major component and ten derivatives (2–11) were prepared by reacting it with different acid chlorides in a single step. They were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against twelve bacterial strains and nine fungal strains using disc diffusion and broth dilution assays. Derivative 9 was found to be most active against both bacterial and fungal strains.

scholarly journals Spatial Structure and Antimicrobial Activity of Cyclopropane Derivative of Limonene

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801300
Author(s):  
Daniyar Sadyrbekov ◽  
Timur Saliev ◽  
Yuri Gatilov ◽  
Ivan Kulakov ◽  
Roza Seidakhmetova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cyclopropane Derivative

A cyclopropane derivative of limonene, (1 S, 4 S, 6 R)-7,7-dichloro-4-[(1 S)-2,2-dichloro-1-methylcyclopropyl]-1-methylbicyclo [4.1.0] heptane (compound 2), was synthesized and its structure was determined by NMR and X-ray crystallographic methods. In addition, an antimicrobial activity of the compound against Gram-positive ( Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative ( Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacterial strains was also scrutinized.

Synthesis and antimicrobial properties of new 2-((4-ethylphenoxy)methyl)benzoylthioureas

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Limban ◽  
Alexandru Missir ◽  
Ileana Chirita ◽  
George Nitulescu ◽  
Miron Caproiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Phenyl Group ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods

AbstractNew acylthiourea derivatives, 2-((4-ethylphenoxy)methyl)-N-(phenylcarbamothioyl)benzamides, were tested by qualitative and quantitative methods on various bacterial and fungal strains and proved to be active at low concentrations against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as fungi. These compounds were prepared by the reaction of 2-((4-ethylphenoxy)methyl)benzoyl isothiocyanate with various primary aromatic amines, and were characterised by melting point and solubility. The structures were identified by elemental analysis, 1H and 13C NMR, and IR spectral data. The level of antimicrobial activity of the new 2-((4-ethylphenoxy)methyl)benzoylthiourea derivatives was dependent on the type, number and position of the substituent on the phenyl group attached to thiourea nitrogen. The iodine and nitro substituents favoured the antimicrobial activity against the Gram-negative bacterial strains, while the highest inhibitory effect against Gram-positive and fungal strains was exhibited by compounds with electron-donating substituents such as the methyl and ethyl groups.

scholarly journals Constituents and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of six Himalayan Nepeta species

2010 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 739-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Bisht ◽  
Rajendra Padalia ◽  
Lalit Singh ◽  
Veena Pande ◽  
Priyanka Lal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Variable Degree ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Microbial Strains

The essential oils from six Himalayan Nepeta species, viz. Nepeta leucophylla Benth., Nepeta discolor Royle ex Benth., Nepeta govaniana Benth., Nepeta clarkei Hook f., Nepeta elliptica Royle ex Benth. and Nepeta erecta Benth., were tested for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against six pathogenic bacterial and two fungal strains. The results showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most sensitive strain tested to the essential oils of Nepeta species. The essential oils of N. elliptica and N. erecta exhibited the highest activity against P. aeruginosa, followed by the essential oils of N. leucophylla and N. clarkei. The essential oils from N. elliptica and N. erecta were also found to be very effective against Serratia marcescens; while the essential oil from N. leucophylla displayed significant activity against Proteus vulgaris and Staphylococcus aureus. Other bacterial strains displayed variable degree of susceptibility against one or more of the tested essential oils. The essential oil from N. leucophylla also showed the highest antifungal activity against both tested fungal strains, viz. Candida albicans and Trichophyton rubrum, followed by the essential oils from N. clarkei, N. govaniana and N. erecta. Iridodial derivatives, viz. iridodial ?-monoenol acetate (25.4 %), dihydroiridodial diacetate (18.2 %) and iridodial dienol diacetate (7.8 %) were identified as the major constituents of N. leucophylla, while the essential oils from N. elliptica and N. erecta were dominated by (7R)-trans, trans nepetalactone (83.4 %) and isoiridomyrmecin (66.7 %), respectively. The essential oil of N. discolor was characterized by 1,8-cineole (25.5 %) and ?-caryophyllene (18.6 %), while N. clarkei was dominated by ?-sesquiphellandrene (22.0 %) and germacrene D (13.0 %). Isoiridomyrmecin (35.2 %) and pregeijerene (20.7 %) were identified as the major constituents of N. govaniana. In general the Nepeta species containing constituents with an iridoid or lactone skeleton were found to have the greater antagonistic activity against most of the microbial strains as compared to those containing regular terpene constituents.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of silver-coated hollow poly(methylmethacrylate) microspheres for water decontamination

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhiraj Dutta ◽  
Swagata Goswami ◽  
Rama Dubey ◽  
Sanjai K. Dwivedi ◽  
Amrit Puzari
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antimicrobial Materials ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy

Abstract Background Growing microbial resistance towards the existing antimicrobial materials appears as the greatest challenge for the scientific community and development of new antimicrobial materials has become an important research objective. Results In this work, antimicrobial activity of silver-coated hollow poly(methylmethacrylate) microspheres (PMB) having a diameter of 20–80 µm was evaluated against two bacterial strains, Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis (MTCC 1305) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli (MTCC 443). The polymeric PMMA microspheres were synthesized by solvent evaporation technique and were further coated with silver (Ag) under microwave irradiation on their outer surface using an electroless plating technique. It was observed that Ag was uniformly coated on the surface of microspheres. Characterization of the coated microspheres was performed using optical microscope (OMS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques. We have shown that the silver-coated microspheres were potent bactericidal material for water as they are highly active against the tested microorganisms. The results of the antibacterial tests indicated that APMB particles showed enhanced inhibition rate for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and also exhibited dose-dependent antibacterial ability. The diameters of zone of inhibition were14.3 ± 0.2 mm against B. subtilis and 15.2 ± 0.9 mm against E. coli at a concentration of 8 mg. At this concentration, total removal of both Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli was observed. The results of shake flask technique for a concentration of 8 mg showed no bacterial presence after 24 h in both the cases. In other words, the material acted efficiently in bringing down the bacterial count to zero level for the tested strains. During the experiments, we have also confirmed that use of this material for water disinfection does not cause leaching of silver ion in to the water solution. The material can be successfully regenerated by backwashing with water. Conclusions Considering the cost-effective synthesis, ability to regenerate and very low level of leaching of the material, it can be projected as an advanced material for water disinfection and antimicrobial application.

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