Drainage Basin Morphometry Analysis in Parts of South Shillong Plateau, Meghalaya: Implications for Landscape Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-62
Author(s):  
Nisha Chettri ◽  
Karan Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Normal Faults ◽  
Shillong Plateau ◽  
Drainage Pattern ◽  
Landscape Development ◽  
Upper Proterozoic ◽  
Basin Morphometry ◽  
Morphometry Analysis

The Shillong Plateau is characterized by multiple phases of deformation and number of prominent sets joints/fracture system. The Southern Shillong Plateau unlike the northern part is highly dissected by the scarp faces which are mostly erosional. The area is characterized by deep incising river networks which cuts across many lithological units. To understand the factors influencing the drainage characteristic of the area and landscape development, the present study has been done in context of morphometry, geomorphology and geology of the drainage basin. Fifteen sub basins of 4th order have been selected from the Um Sohrynkew River basin. Drainage morphometry, indices of active tectonism, geology and tectonics and landform features have been worked out for better evaluation of drainage characteristics. The study area forms part of the Meghalaya Precambrian province of upper Proterozoic age. The southern border of the Shillong Plateau is demarcated by Dauki (Also known as Dawki) fault which is a prominent structural lineament. It consists of at least four E-W trending normal faults with occasional reversal. The segment of the Dauki fault in the study area is believed to be active. The present study focuses on the drainage network and the landscape development of the study area where a very strong relationship has been observed between the lithology and structure together with the tectonic activity influencing the drainage pattern in the area.

scholarly journals Geomorphic evolution of the upper reaches of the drainage basin of Acheloos river

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
Ε. ΛΥΚΟΥΔΗ
Keyword(s):  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Drainage Pattern ◽  
West Part ◽  
Steep Slopes ◽  
Acheloos River

The scope of this study work is to give an insight into the dynamic processes which shape the relief in the drainage basin of the upper reaches the Acheloos river, so that the geomorphological and geodynamical evolution of the region in the past can be approached, together with a possible prediction. For this reason, the relationships between the relief and the endogenic and exogenic factors are sought. The investigated area is made up of geological formations that belong to the zones: "Ionian" (inner Ionian zone), "Gavrovo", "Pindos" and "Hyperpindos". There are also younger rocks (postalpine formations), together with some volcanic rocks. The main stream segment of Acheloos river was formed in the Upper-Middle Miocene, after the deposition of the flysch of "Gavrovo" and the tectonism of the zone. The structures were cut to a large extent by trace-slip faults, striking ENE-WSW, during the Middle-Upper Miocene. At the same time (Lower Miocene - Plio-Quaternary), in NW-Greece, is observed a horizontal clockwise rotation (45°). Finally, the region shows an expanding movement from North to South. Due to the above tectonic activity, the drainage basin shows a monoclinic structure with a westward displacement of the drainage pattern. The displacement increases from North to South. The displacement of the drainage pattern is also favoured by the presence of erodible rocks in the western part (flysch of "Gavrovo") and the general eastward dip of the strata. Neotectonic activity controls the river up to date, as it is inferred from the orientation of the stream segments, which follow the tectonic structure (lithological boundaries, faults, thrusts). The drainage pattern appears to be in an early mature stage. According to the quantitative geomorphological analysis data, the drainage pattern (mainly the west part of it) is in an unstable dynamic status. During Plio-Quaternary there were a few rejuvenating episodes, due to tectonic and climate changes. The present rejuvenated stage, which is more obvious in the southwestern part of the investigated area, is supported by morphotectonic data. Among them, the most remarkable are: a)the steep slopes (30-60 %), b)the negative deviation of "cummulative" area compared to ideal values, c)the slope flexions, which separate the new lower level from the old higher one.

Tectonique synsedimentaire d'age cretace superieur en Tunisie nord orientale; blocs bascules et reorganisation des aires de subsidence

2000 ◽  
Vol 171 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lahcen Boutib ◽  
Fetheddine Melki ◽  
Fouad Zargouni
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Normal Faults ◽  
Half Graben ◽  
Combined Movements ◽  
Basin Floor ◽  
Tunisian Atlas ◽  
Facies Variation ◽  
Regional Tectonics

Abstract Structural analysis of late Cretaceous sequences from the northeastern Tunisian Atlas, led to conclude on an active basin floor instability. Regional tectonics resulted in tilted blocks with a subsidence reorganization, since the Campanian time. These structural movements are controlled both by N140 and N100-120 trending faults. The Turonian-Coniacian and Santonian sequences display lateral thickness and facies variation, due to tectonic activity at that time. During Campanian-Maastrichtian, a reorganization of the main subsidence areas occurred, the early Senonian basins, have been sealed and closed and new half graben basins developed on area which constituted previously palaeohigh structures. These syndepositional deformations are characterized by frequent slumps, synsedimentary tilting materials, sealed normal faults and progressive low angle unconformities. These tilted blocks combined to a subsidence axis migration were induced by a NE-SW trending extensional regime. This extension which affects the Tunisian margin during the Upper Cretaceous, is related to the Tethyan and Mesogean rifting phase which resulted from the combined movements of the African and European plates.

Structural Development and Geomorphic Relationship in Wadi Atyaruh, Al Jabal Al Akhdar, NE Libya

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
Fawzi Moftah ◽  
MacTar Mohamed ◽  
Alzubair Abousaif
Keyword(s):  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Groundwater Prospect ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Drainage Pattern ◽  
Principal Stresses ◽  
Gis And Remote Sensing

The present study has been carried out to analyze the relationship between faulting and geomorphology of the Wadi Atyaruh to reveal the effect of structures on the morphology and distribution of the different karst features. Geographical Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques were applied to investigate morphological and topographic characteristics of Wadi Atyaruh, based on ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model (ASTER GDEM) Version 3 (V3) data. Dextral strike-slip fault is the main faulting type in the valley. Conjugate faults system has been found in the study area, which reveals the orientations of the principal stresses. Wadi Atyaruh consists mainly of Dernah formations (Eocene) and Quaternary deposits. Two types of Karren have been recognized, they are Rillen karren and solution basis which are well distributed in Darnah formation. Caves are found in the Darnah formation, the passages and chambers of these caves show a phreatic bedding plane, elliptical shape, laminar profiles, and rectangular and rounded top vadose profiles. The drainage system of this valley is sub-parallel drainage pattern to dendritic drainage pattern, indicating that the area has affected by strike-slip movement (Dextral), joints and it has steep slopes. interpretation of DEM of study area indicate moderate and high relief, low run off and high infiltrations due to the nature of the fracture carbonate rock, the basin have early mature stage of erosion development. Geomorphic parameters such as hill shade, slop, aspect, area shaded and elevation maps, was produced to describe geomorphic forms and processes of the Wadi Atyaruh. The complete morphometric analysis of drainage basin indicates that the given area is having good groundwater prospect.

scholarly journals Drainage basin morphometry of the Encadenadas del Oeste lakes, Argentina

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-27
Author(s):  
Mabel Geraldi Alejandra ◽  
Cintia Piccolo Mar iacute a ◽  
Miguel Eduardo Perillo Gerardo
Keyword(s):  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Basin Morphometry

scholarly journals The geology of the north-eastern corner of Greenland - photogeological studies and 1993 field work

1994 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 21-33
Author(s):  
H.F Jepsen ◽  
J.C Escher ◽  
J.D Friderichsen ◽  
A.K Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Field Work ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Mobile Belt ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Upper Proterozoic ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Field Season ◽  
Upper Boundary ◽  
Middle Proterozoic

Late Archaean and Early Proterozoic crust-forming events in North-East and eastern North Greenland were succeeded by Middle Proterozoic sedimentation and volcanic activity; Late Proterozoic through Tertiary sedimentation was interrupted by several periods of tectonic activity, including the Caledonian orogeny in East Greenland and the Mesozoic deformation of the Wandel Hav mobile belt. Photogeological studies helped pinpoint areas of special interest which were investigated during the short 1993 field season. Insights gained during field work include: the nature of the crystalline basement terrain in the Caledonian fold belt, redefinition of the upper boundary of the Upper Proterozoic Rivieradal sandstones, revision of Caledonian nappe terminology, and the northern extension of the Caledonian Storstrømmen shear zone.

scholarly journals Recent active faults in Belgian Ardenne revealed in Rochefort Karstic network (Namur Province, Belgium)

2001 ◽  
Vol 80 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vandycke ◽  
Y. Quinif
Keyword(s):  
Stress Field ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Local Stress ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Normal Faults ◽  
Regional Stress ◽  
Bedding Planes ◽  
Local Modification ◽  
A Minor

AbstractThis paper presents observations of recent faulting activity in the karstic network of the Rochefort Cave (Namur Province, Belgium, Europe). The principal recent tectonic features are bedding planes reactivated as normal faults, neo-formatted normal faults in calcite flowstone, fresh scaling, extensional features, fallen blocks and displacement of karstic tube. The seismo-tectonic aspect is expanded by the presence of fallen blocks where normally the cavity must be very stable and in equilibrium. Three main N 070° fault planes and a minor one affect, at a decimetre scale, the karst features and morphology. The faults are still active because recent fresh scaling and fallen blocks are observable. The breaking of Holocene soda straw stalactites and displacements of artificial features observed since the beginning of the tourist activity, in the last century, also suggest very recent reactivation of these faults. This recent faulting can be correlated to present-day tectonic activity, already evidenced by earthquakes in the neighbouring area. Therefore, karstic caves are favourable sites for the observation and the quantification of recent tectonic activity because they constitute a 3-D framework, protected from erosion. Fault planes with this recent faulting present slickensides. Thus a quantitative analysis in term of stress inversion, with the help of striated faults, has permitted to reconstruct the stress tensor responsible for the brittle deformation. The principal NW-SE extension (σ3 horizontal) is nearly perpendicular to that of the present regional stress as illustrated by the analysis of the last strong regional earthquake (Roermond, The Netherlands) in 1992. During the Meso-Cenozoic, the main stress tectonics recorded in this part of the European platform is similar to the present one with a NE-SW direction of extension.The discrepancy between the regional stress field and the local stress in the Rochefort cave can be the result of the inversion of the σ2 and σ3 axes of the stress ellipsoid due to its symmetry or of a local modification at the ground surface of the crustal stress field as it has been already observed in active zones.

The Eastern Romanche ridge-transform intersection (Equatorial Atlantic): slow spreading under extreme low mantle temperatures. Preliminary results of the SMARTIES cruise.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia Maia ◽  
Daniele Brunelli ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thick Layer ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Normal Faults ◽  
Transform Fault ◽  
Equatorial Atlantic ◽  
Ridge Axis ◽  
Nodal Basin ◽  
Spreading Axis ◽  
Geophysical Surveys ◽  
Damaged Zone

<p>A strong edge effect is predicted at the intersections between long-offset transforms and mid ocean ridge segments. The Equatorial Atlantic hosts several megatransforms, where the connections of potentially low mantle temperatures due to the large lithospheric age contrast with melt production are poorly understood. The SMARTIES cruise focused on the Romanche transform that offsets the Mid Atlantic Ridge (MAR) laterally by 900 km with an age offset of 55 Ma. The eastern Ridge-Transform Intersection (RTI) markedly shows the effects of the lateral cooling of the ridge segment. To better understand the thermal regime at these complex domains, we acquired surface geophysical data and bathymetry of the area, and geological observations and sampling during 25 HOV Nautile dives. The integrated study of rock characteristics and of geophysical surveys allows tackling the connections between magmatism and tectonics. A network of 19 OBS was also deployed to study the seismic activity during the cruise in collaboration with the ILAB project.</p><p>There is a striking change in deformation patterns along the ridge axis moving away from the transform southwards. The bathymetry is extremely complex, with several structural directions, partly resulting from transtension. A low melt supply is focused at the ridge axis resulting in a long oblique axial domain, that forms a relay zone between the roughly north-south ridge axis in the south and the area close to the transform fault, while the transform fault domain is highly complex. Trends oblique to both the main spreading axis direction and the transform fault direction are widespread. A clear Principal Transform Displacement Zone (PTDZ) can be followed as a long, near continuous alignment, on the seafloor of the wide Romanche valley. However, the valley morphology suggests a migration of the PTDZ and intense deformation within the transform domain. The RTI is complex and the position of the spreading axis clearly evolved with time, through at least two and possibly three eastward ridge jumps.</p><p>Six Nautile dives explored the northern wall of the Romanche, the damaged zone of the transform fault, and the exceptionally deep nodal basin. The north wall exposes a very thick basalt unit covered with a thick layer of sediments. Eight dives explored the southern flank of the Romanche identifying fragments of old Oceanic Core Complexes (OCCs) formed by highly deformed peridotites, and a large OCC located at the RTI that exposes mylonitized peridotites and is dissected by several normal faults. The magmatic zones of the axial domain (nine dives) are formed by volcanic ridges affected by important tectonic activity. The dives show pillow and tube volcanic flows with intersecting faults. An oblique elongated faulted and sedimented ridge (2 dives) parallel to the oblique relay zone was shown to be of peridotitic nature Recent faults have been observed, as well as traces of high-T hydrothermal activity consistent with black-smoker type venting, recently overprinted by low temperature diffuse venting related to active faulting.</p>

Syntectonic alluvial fan sedimentation, southern Pyrenees

1987 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Alluvial Fan ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Miocene ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Late Oligocene ◽  
Ebro Basin ◽  
Northern Margin ◽  
Thrust Front ◽  
Topographic High

AbstractThe Aguero fanglomerate body developed in late Oligocene to early Miocene time at the northern margin of the Ebro Basin where the emergent southern Pyrenean thrust front created a topographic high. Tectonic activity in the thrust belt strongly influenced the sequences and structures within the fan deposits. The fan deposits display an initial coarsening-up sequence. Intraformational unconformities subdivide the proximal sediments into a series of wedges. These result from a continued uplift along the thrust front during the initial stages of fan development. A major intraformational unconformity marks the top of this sequence and the start of a fining-up sequence. Further tectonic activity in the thrust front is indicated by a syn-depositional synclinal fold which decreases in amplitude up sequence. Rejuvenation of fan sedimentation to form a second coarsening-up sequence reflects renewed activity in the thrust front. This second sedimentation event resulted in a plus 200 m thickness of massive conglomerates. The geographical limits of fan sedimentation can be determined because the fan deposits are lithologically distinct from the other Ebro Basin molasse in the area. The area of the drainage basin of the fan can also be estimated by consideration of the clast types present in the fan deposits. The fan and drainage basin areas are estimated to be 6 km2 and 10 km2 respectively.

scholarly journals Drainage Rearrangement as a Driver of Geomorphological Evolution During the Upper Pleistocene in a Small Tropical Basin

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
José Martínez Batlle
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
River Diversion ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
Upper Pleistocene ◽  
Basin Morphometry ◽  
Karst Systems ◽  
Geomorphological Evolution ◽  
New Evidence

The development of river networks in contexts where intense tectonic activity converges with great lithological variability, such as the Ocoa River Basin in the south of the Dominican Republic, usually hosts excellent examples of drainage rearrangement. This mechanism is defined as a transfer of part or all of a river’s flow to another river. According to the process involved, drainage rearrangement may be classified in one of four categories: stream capture, river diversion, beheading and, more recently, karst piracy. The Parra River Basin (29.5 square kilometers), part of the Ocoa River Basin, features excellent examples of drainage rearrangement. The aim of this research was to detect and characterize drainage rearrangement evidence in three sub-basins of the Parra River Basin. Several geomorphological features, including striking differences in lithological types of alluvial deposits between terraces and stream beds, a sinkhole in a tributary stream, as well as high variability in basin morphometry computed using GIS techniques, suggest the development of karst piracy during the Upper Pleistocene in the Parra drainage network, along with other minor rearrangement forms. Karst piracy is an understudied model of drainage rearrangement worldwide, and so it is in the Dominican Republic. Hence, this paper contributes to a better understanding of the interaction between rivers and karst systems, at the same time providing new evidence for this little-known phenomenon.

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