scholarly journals The Challenge of Inequality in University Education: Is the District Quota Scheme Addressing Socio-Economic Disparities in Access to University Education in Uganda?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Godfrey Bagonza ◽  
Yuda Taddeo Kaahwa ◽  
Nicholas Itaaga
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
University Education ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Socially Disadvantaged ◽  
The Social ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Government

Access to university education is one of the fundamental educational questions in contemporary educational debates. This is because university education is seen as having an array of benefits to individuals, their households, and their nations. However, the challenge of inequality in terms of gender, income, location, and socio-economic status has constrained some individuals and households to access quality university education. In 2005 the government of Uganda introduced the District Quota Scheme to address the social inequalities in accessing university education. This study examined how the District Quota Scheme is addressing the rural-urban divide in access to university; how the District Quota Scheme has increased access to university education for children with parents who have low levels of education; and whether the District Quota Scheme is improving access to university education for children from low-income families. Following the social constructivist research paradigm and integrating both quantitative and qualitative research methods, the study found a change in access to university education by students from rural areas, students whose parents have lower levels of education, and those from low-income families as a result of introducing the District Quota Scheme. The study recommends that the government of Uganda and other stakeholders in the higher education sector should address the structural challenges to ensure that mainly the socially disadvantaged students take the biggest advantage of this scheme. 

scholarly journals Food Decisions of Low-Income Families in the Era of COVID-19: A Qualitative Exploration

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 250-250
Author(s):  
Eleni Spyreli ◽  
Michelle McKinley ◽  
Jayne Woodside ◽  
Colette Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economically Disadvantaged ◽  
Food Shopping ◽  
Food Planning ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Disadvantaged Families

Abstract Objectives The first lockdown enforced in the United Kingdom to limit the spread of COVID-19 had serious financial consequences for some lower-income households, which were already at risk of suboptimal food choices. Particularly in Northern Ireland, where 10% of the population live in food insecure households, the pandemic has potentially further exacerbated the nutritional challenges experienced by low-income families. This paper aimed to explore the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on food-related decisions as experienced by economically disadvantaged families in Northern Ireland, UK. Methods A qualitative study collected data through online individual interviews. Participation was open to parents of children 2–17 years old who self-identified as living on a tight budget in urban and rural areas of Northern Ireland. A sampling matrix enabled equal representation of single- and two-parent households, as well as younger (<12 y) and older children (>12 y). Photovoice and participatory mapping techniques were employed to capture participant data. A thematic approach was utilised for data analysis. Results A total of 12 interviews were conducted. Five distinct themes were found, reflecting families’ food-related decisions that were affected by the COVID-19 lockdown: 1) food planning; 2) food purchasing; 3) meal preparation; 4) eating and feeding behaviours and 5) eating food prepared outside the house. Changes included an increase in home food preparation, but also in unhealthy snacking. Fear of being exposed to carriers of the virus led to infrequent food shopping and greater reliance on supermarket home deliveries. Long waiting times in-between food shops encouraged food planning but were also a barrier to providing daily fresh foods including fruit and vegetables to their families. Financial constraints were exacerbated during lockdown and led to a search for new ways to budget when food shopping. Food donations from the community and the government were important to maintain food security, particularly in single-parent families. Conclusions This study highlights that the COVID-19 lockdown influenced a broad range of dietary decisions of economically disadvantaged families and offers an insight into the nutritional challenges they experienced. Funding Sources The work was completed with financial support from internal funds of Queens University Belfast.

scholarly journals Empleo femenino y su efecto sobre la distribución de la renta familiar en el medio rural

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Esperanza Vera-Toscano ◽  
Eduardo Moyano Estrada
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Regional Survey ◽  
The Social ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Using Data ◽  
High Degree

Using data from a regional survey undertaken in 2008 to a sample of female rural residents of Andalucía, this paper analyzes the distributive effects of the increase in female employment on family income inequality. Results show the significant contribution of female earnings to family income and its distribution in rural areas. Nonetheless, female employment tends to be highly unstable with a high degree of seasonality and makes no contribution to the Social Security System. This situation exposes low income families, in particular, towards a high risk of social exclusion.

scholarly journals Readequação de territórios da política de assistência social na cidade de Montes Claros-MG

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Angélica De Santana Rocha ◽  
Marcos Esdras Leite
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Assistance Service ◽  
Welfare Workers ◽  
The City

A pesquisa que originou este artigo teve como objetivo analisar a eficácia da divisão territorial da malha urbana de Montes Claros/MG no atendimento ao público demandante considerando as aproximações e distanciamentos dos CRAS em relação a seu público alvo. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa quanti-qualitativa, em que a representação da malha urbana de Montes Claros teve como base o uso de técnicas de geoprocessamento, em que o banco de dados do censo do IBGE do ano de 2010, integrado à base cartográfica da área urbana no software ArcGis 10.1, possibilitou a representação de dados socioeconômicos através de mapas temáticos. A análise de discurso, a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas, junto a assistentes sociais, possibilitou as conclusões necessárias à investigação a que se propunha. Constatou-se, segundo afirmação das/dos assistentes sociais e análises destas afirmações, que o melhor atendimento aos segmentos demandantes dar-se-á através da reconfiguração territorial de Polos extensos que excedem o número limite de famílias de baixa renda, determinado pela Política de Assistência Social para o porte do município, fragmentando-os e implantando-se uma nova unidade de CRAS em cada novo fragmento. Aos Polos contendo população dispersa propôs-se a adoção de equipes volantes de atendimento socioassistencial em atendimento às demandas. Palavras-chave: Geotecnologias. Território. CRAS. Avaliação. Reconfiguração.  Abstract This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the territorial division of the urban area of Montes Claros / MG to meeting the demands that it presents, considering the similarities and differences of CRAS in relation to your target group. The methodology used was quantitative and qualitative research, in which the representation of the urban area of Montes Claros were based on the use of GIS techniques, in the database year 2010 IBGE census, integrated into the base map of the urban area in ArcGIS 10.1 software, enabled the representation of socio-economic data through thematic maps. The discourse analysis, from semi-structured interviews with the welfare worker, enabled this work the necessary conclusions to the investigation as proposed. It was found, according to assertion of welfare workers and analysis of these statements taken by this research that the best service to the segments will be given through the territorial reconfiguration extensive poles that exceed the limited number of low-income families, as determined by the Social assistance Policy for the size of the city, fragmenting them and implanting a new CRAS unit in each new fragment. The Poles containing dispersed population proposed the adoption of mobile teams of social assistance service in meeting the demands. Keywords: Geo. Urban territory. CRAS. Evaluation. Reconfiguration.

Empathy not quarantined: Association between people’s empathy to others and the COVID-19 pandemic situations based on a national survey study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhibin Jiang ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Bu Zhong ◽  
Xuebing Qin
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Media ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Affective Response ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
The Social

BACKGROUND The Covid-19 pandemic had turned the world upside down, but not much is known about how people’s empathy might be affected by the pandemic. OBJECTIVE This study examined 1) how empathy towards others might be influenced by the social support people obtained by using social media; and 2) how the individual demographics (e.g., age, income) may affect empathy. METHODS A national survey (N = 943) was conducted in China in February 2020, in which the participants read three real scenarios about low-income urban workers (Scenario I), small business owners in cities (Scenario II), and farmers in rural areas (Scenario III) who underwent hardship due to COVID-19. After exposure to others’ difficulties in the scenarios, the participants’ empathy and anxiety levels were measured. We also measured the social support they had by using social media. RESULTS Results show that social support not only positively impacted empathy, β = .30, P < .001 for Scenario I, β = .30, P < .001 for Scenario II, and β = .29, P < .001 for Scenario III, but also interacted with anxiety in influencing the degree to which participants could maintain empathy towards others, β = .08, P = .010 for Scenario I, and β = .07, P = .033 for scenario II. Age negatively predicted empathy for Scenario I, β = -.08, P = .018 and Scenario III, β = -.08, P = .009, but not for Scenario II, β = -.03, P = .40. Income levels – low, medium, high – positively predicted empathy for Scenario III, F (2, 940) = 8.10, P < .001, but not for Scenario I, F (2, 940) = 2.14, P = .12, or Scenario II, F (2, 940) = 2.93, P = .06. Participants living in big cities expressed greater empathy towards others for Scenario III, F (2, 940) = 4.03, P =.018, but not for Scenario I, F (2, 940) = .81, P = .45, or Scenario II, F (2, 940) = 1.46, P =.23. CONCLUSIONS This study contributes to the literature by discovering the critical role empathy plays in people’s affective response to others during the pandemic. Anxiety did not decrease empathy. However, those gaining more social support on social media showed more empathy for others. Those who resided in cities with higher income levels were more empathetic during the COVID-19 outbreak. This study reveals that the social support people obtained helped maintain empathy to others, making them resilient in challenging times.

“Thinking the Unthinkable”: The Prospect of Compulsory Sterilization in India

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith Minkler
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Policy Statement ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
The Social ◽  
Compulsory Sterilization ◽  
The Government ◽  
Demographic Impact ◽  
Medical Infrastructure

The National Population Policy Statement adopted by the Government of India in April 1976 gave states the mandate to adopt coercive and compulsory sterilization measures toward the end of bringing under control the nation's massive population growth. Many states have since adopted stringent measures which penalize couples having three or more children, and four states additionally have proposed legislation for compulsory sterilization. While the demographic impact of compulsory sterilization after the third child is undisputed, the administrative feasibility of such an undertaking has been widely questioned, particularly in light of the inadequacy of India's medical infrastructure in the rural areas. Critics further have raised questions concerning the social and ethical implications of compulsory sterilization and of measures which penalize the poor through means which may have adverse effects on their health and welfare. Finally, opponents of the new sterilization measures have suggested that they divert attention from the need for more basic changes in the nation's economic and social structure. While the need for bringing down India's continued high birth rate is widely recognized, alternative population measures—e.g. increased abortion facilities and an enforcement of the raised age at marriage-have been advocated in lieu of the compulsory sterilization measures currently being proposed.

Self-employed surfers, universal credit and the minimally decent life

Legal Studies ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Christopher Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
The Self ◽  
Tax Credits ◽  
Minimum Income ◽  
Wage Labour ◽  
The Social ◽  
Decent Life ◽  
The Government

Abstract As part of its response to Covid-19 the government paused the use of the ‘Minimum Income Floor’ (MIF), which restricts the Universal Credit (UC) entitlement of the self-employed. This paper places the MIF in the wider context of conditionality in the social security system and considers a judicial review which claimed that the MIF was discriminatory. The paper focuses on how UC affects the availability of real choices for low-income citizens to limit or escape from wage labour, with two implications of the move to UC highlighted. First, the overlooked labour decommodifying aspect of tax credits, which provided a minimum income guarantee and a genuine alternative to wage labour for people who self-designated as ‘self-employed’, even if their earnings were minimal or non-existent, has been removed. Secondly, UC has in some respects improved the position of low-paid wage labourers in ‘mini-jobs’, who are not subject to conditionality once they work for the equivalent of approximately nine hours a week on the minimum wage.

scholarly journals Livelihood Patterns of the Tibetan Refugees in Kathmandu

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-94
Author(s):  
Neelam Shahi
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Home Affair ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tibetan Refugees ◽  
Sampling Survey

This Study entitled as “Livelihood Pattern of the Tibetan Refugees in Nepal” (A Case Study of the Samdupling in Jawalakhel and Khampa Refugee Camp in Boudha- Jorpati) aims to discover the livelihood patterns of Tibetan refugees residing in the Samdupling camp in Jawalakhel and Khampa Refugee’s Camp in Boudha-Jorpati. The paper intends to examine the problems confronted by Tibetan refugees residing in the Samdupling camp and Khampa Refugee’s Camp. The study itself is conducted with the objectives of describing the present socio-economic status of Tibetan refugees dwelling in aforementioned camps located inside the Kathmandu valley and Lalitpur. This write-up not only deals with different livelihood aspects of Tibetan refugees but also compares the livelihood of two camps to list out the social, economic and political problems affecting their livelihood. However, this study is mainly based on the primary information and the data which were collected using the techniques of household survey and sampling survey, along with questionnaire and interview during the several field visits to camps. The paper concludes by stating that government intervention is required to resolve the issues affecting the livelihood of Tibetan refugees. Tibetan refugees’ problems required a political yet humanitarian resolution. The government needs to decide on whether to endow the citizenship or refugee card to the refugees who have been deprived of the both, or opt for the third-party settlement. For that Tibetans refugees also need to cooperate and coordinate with the refugees department under the Ministry of the Home Affair, Government of Nepal

scholarly journals Dampak Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) terhadap Kesejahteraan Keluarga di Desa Padang Seurahet Kecamatan Johan Pahlawan Kabupaten Aceh Barat

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Lia Muliana ◽  
Mursyidin Mursyidin ◽  
Muharriyanti Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Family Needs ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Family ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The Family Hope Program (PKH) is a conditional cash transfer program for low-income families. The requirement is to be actively involved in education and health. The Family Hope Program in Indonesia was implemented in 2007 to alleviate poverty and prosper low-income families. The research and writing of this journal aim to determine the impact of PKH on family welfare and see if there is a reduction in poverty after the government realizes the Family Hope Program. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The study results indicate that the impact of PKH on beneficiary families, including the cash provided, can meet consumption or family needs and help the economy of PKH recipient families. The implementation of the program can reduce poverty in Aceh. The percentage of the poverty rate fell to 0.02%. The limitation of the research is the impact of PKH on family welfare and wants to examine whether there is a decrease in the percentage of poverty in Aceh or Aceh Barat. The practical implication of this research is to provide information to the government that PKH can improve the welfare of low-income families. The social significance is to give the government and the general public that the implementation of social assistance programs, one of which is the Family Hope Program, can reduce poverty rates in Aceh or West Aceh. The originality of the research is supported by previous research related to the author’s research study.

scholarly journals Modernization of traditional Yakut families in the social project «Sis Yal» («Model family»)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
У.А. Винокурова ◽  
О.Д. Романова ◽  
К.Д. Барашкова
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Family Values ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
Modern Family ◽  
Social Project ◽  
Intergenerational Ties

В данной статье представлены результаты социологического исследования сельских якутских семей. Актуальность статьи обусловлена растущим кризисом семьи, репродуктивного поведения, трансформацией гендерных аспектов современных форм семьи и их последствиях, что свидетельствует о культурном повороте целостного жизненного мира от ценностей совместимости, взаимопомощи в сторону индивидуализма, ослабления межличностных и межпоколенных взаимодействий, влияющих на социальное благополучие всех поколений. Авторами статьи выявлены современный уклад жизни, хозяйственной деятельности, размеры семьи, проживающей в их традиционном месте поселения, межпоколенческие связи. Предпринята классификация типов современных якутских семей, проживающих в сельской местности, по критериям пространственной локализации, уклада семьи, экономического состояния, социального статуса, ведущих нравственных ценностей, состава семьи. Выявлено 85 типов семей, сгруппированных по 6 критериям, характеризующим ведущие основы якутского этнического семьеведения. Исследование актуально тем, что на основе выявленной экосистемы семьи разработан социальный проект конструирования позитивных семейных ценностей в сельском социуме. This article presents the results of a sociological study of rural Yakut families. The relevance of the article is due to the growing crisis of the family, reproductive behavior, the transformation of gender aspects of modern family forms and their consequences, which indicates a cultural turn of the integral life world from the values of compatibility, mutual assistance towards individualism, and the weakening of interpersonal and intergenerational interactions that affect the social well-being of all generations. The authors of the article revealed the modern way of life, economic activity, family size, living in their traditional place of settlement, intergenerational ties. The classification of types of modern Yakut families living in rural areas according to the criteria of spatial localization, family structure, economic status, social status, leading moral values, and family composition is undertaken. 85 types of families were identified, grouped according to 6 criteria that characterize the leading foundations of Yakut ethnic family studies. The study is relevant because on the basis of the identified family ecosystem, a social project for constructing positive family values in rural society has been developed.

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