scholarly journals Intake, microbial protein synthesis, and nitrogen balance in lambs fed diets containing mulberry hay

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 4413
Author(s):  
Luis Gabriel Alves Cirne ◽  
Américo Garcia da Silva Sobrinho ◽  
Fernanda Carvalho Basso ◽  
Roque Takahashi ◽  
Thiago Henrique Borghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
Microbial Efficiency ◽  
Feedlot Lambs

<p>The objective of this study was to evaluate intake, microbial protein synthesis, and nitrogen balance in lambs fed diets containing 0.00, 12.50, and 25.00% mulberry hay substituting the concentrate. Twentyfour Ile de France lambs at approximately 60 days of age, with a body weight of 15.48 ± 0.07 kg, were confined in individual stalls and slaughtered upon reaching 32 kg body weight. Only the intakes of ether extract and metabolizable energy decreased linearly (P&lt;0.05) as the participation of mulberry hay in the concentrate was increased. Nitrogen in the feces, expressed in g day–1 and g kg0.75 day–1, increased linearly (P&lt;0.05), whereas excretions (mmol day–1) of allantoin, total purines, and absorbed microbial purines, microbial production (g day–1) expressed in microbial nitrogen and microbial crude protein, and microbial efficiency expressed in g MN kg–1 RDOM–1 and g MP kg–1 of TDN decreased linearly as the level of hay in the diet was increased. Mulberry hay substituting the concentrate in diets for feedlot lambs reduces the microbial protein synthesis.</p>

Measurement in vivo of rumen microbial protein synthesis

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 689 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Walker ◽  
CJ Nader
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
Inorganic Sulphate

A method is described for the measurement in vivo of ruminal microbial protein synthesis. The method depends upon the incorporation into microbial protein of sulphur derived from 35S -labelled inorganic sulphate infused continuously into the rumen. Steady-state labelling of rumen digesta protein and specific activity of microbial sulphur are used, along with estimates of total digesta mass, to calculate total microbial sulphur in the rumen. The rate of disappearance of isotope from the rumen after cessation of [35S]sulphate infusion is used to calculate the flow rate of microbial s~dphur from that organ. Microbial sulphur may be used to estimate microbial nitrogen or crude protein by means of conversion factors.

scholarly journals Rumen Fermentation and Microbial Protein Synthesis of Bali Cattle Heifers (Bos sondaicus ) Fed Ration Containing Different Energy Protein Level

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194
Author(s):  
N. N. Suryani ◽  
I. W. Suama ◽  
I. G. Mahardika ◽  
N.P. Sarini
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Bali Cattle

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of energy and protein levels on rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis of Bali cattle heifers. The study was conducted in Petang Village, Badung Regency, Province of Bali Indonesia on 12 Bali cattle heifers with initial body weight 193,67 ± 22,55 kg/head. The treatment given is four types of ration consists of different level of metabolizable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP): ME 2051.41 kcal/kg: 12.04% CP (Treatment A); ME 2107.79 kcal/kg : 13.05% CP (Treatment B); ME 2194.06 kcal/kg : 14.04% CP (Treatment C) and ME 2294.23 kcal/kg : 15.09% CP (Treatment D). Variables measured: nutrient intake, rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis and growth performance of Bali cattle heifer age of 18 month. This research was a randomized block design. The results showed that increase in ME to 2294.23 kcal /kg and 15.09% CP significantly (P <0.05) increased energy intake to 17,880.57 kcal /day and protein intake 686.56 g /day. Rumen fermentation was also highest (P <0.05) in treatment D seen from total VFA, propionic acid and butyric acid respectively 170.32 mMol, 28.52 mMol and 13.70 mMol. While acetic acid, methane and NGR significantly decreased (P <0.05) respectively 57.77 mMol, 18.38 mMol and 3.07. This resulted in the highest rumen microbial protein synthesis in treatment D which was 562.06 g / day so that it was able to produce the highest ADG too, which was 0.42 kg /day. This study concluded that giving rations containing ME 2294.23 kcal /kg and 15.09% CP increased rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis, resulting in the highest growth compared to lower levels.

scholarly journals Changes of Nitrogen Compounds During Ensiling of High Protein Herbages – A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Fijałkowska ◽  
Barbara Pysera ◽  
Krzysztof Lipiński ◽  
Danuta Strusińska
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Fermentation Inhibitors ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Positive Effects

Abstract Losses of crude protein during ensiling of herbages, in contrast to carbohydrates, do not affect the reduction of its content; their form is changed into greater solubility non-protein compounds and also highly degraded forms, which lower the efficiency of the microbial protein synthesis in the rumen. These processes are accompanied by a change of amino acid composition of herbage protein and decrease in intestinal digestibility of protein from feeds as a result of the formation of indigestible complexes with carbohydrates (ADIN). Reduction of protein degradation in silages is achieved by accelerated acidity through addition of acids or dominance of homofermentative bacteria. The positive effects of fermentation inhibitors or sorbents use, as well as the wilting of raw material on the level and rate of protein degradation were demonstrated by many researchers. A greater contribution of protein nitrogen and reduction of deamination in silages can also be obtained by using bacteria inoculants. Increasing the proportion of protein nitrogen is accompanied by the improved efficiency of microbial protein synthesis.

scholarly journals Coffee hull in the diet of dairy heifers: nitrogen balance and microbial protein synthesis

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1141-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Lima de Souza ◽  
Rasmo Garcia ◽  
Luciano da Silva Cabral ◽  
Mara Lúcia Albuquerque Pereira ◽  
Rilene Ferreira Diniz Valadares
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Purine Derivative ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Random Block Design

It was evaluated nitrogen compounds and microbial protein synthesis in heifers fed diets containing coffee hulls (0.0; 8.75; 17.25; and 26.25% of dry matter) replacing ground corn concentrate at the following levels of coffee hulls in the total diet dry matter: 0.0, 3.5, 7.0 or 10.5%. It was used 24 crossbreed heifers (7/8, 15/16 and 31/32 Holstein-Zebu), which were distributed in a random block design made up accordingly to the weight of the animals. Spot samples of urine were colleted aproximatelly four hours after morning feeding and were used to estimate microbial protein synthesis by using urine purine derivatives. It was not observed effect of coffee hull levels in the diet on total nitrogen intake (160 g/day) and nitrogen excretion in the urine (87.4 g/day). The inclusion of coffee hull in the diet linearly increased nitrogen excretion in feces, as well as nitrogen balance. There was linear reduction in urinary excretion of allantoin, in total purine derivative and absorbed purine, which reduced 0.715, 0.873, and 0.954 mmol/day to each coffee hull unity added to the concentrate, respectively. Coffee hull altered microbial protein synthesis, which reduced in 0.687 g/day to each coffee hull unity added to the concentrate. Reduction in microbial protein synthesis can reduce weight gain in heifers fed coffee hulls.

Crude protein levels in diets of lactating goats: nitrogen balance, urea excretion and microbial protein synthesis

2016 ◽  
Vol 154 (6) ◽  
pp. 1102-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. DE JESUS DOS SANTOS ◽  
M. L. ALBUQUERQUE PEREIRA ◽  
M. PEREIRA DE FIGUEIREDO ◽  
H. G. DE OLIVEIRA SILVA ◽  
J. FERREIRA DA CRUZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
The Body ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Urea Excretion ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Rate Of Increase

SUMMARYThe experiment, conducted at Bahia, Brazil, from May to August 2010, aimed to evaluate the nitrogen (N) balance, urea excretion and microbial protein synthesis in lactating goats fed pelleted concentrates with the addition of crude protein (CP), obtained by replacing alfalfa hay with soybean meal. The diets consisted of different levels of CP and 200 g of roughage (Tifton 85 hay)/kg. Maize and mesquite bran were used as the energy source, with maize replaced by mesquite bran in the ratio of 1·7:1. Eight female Saanen goats were used, confined in individual pens and allocated to a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The N balance in the body was positive, and loss of body weight (–0·03 g/day) was observed for the diet with 190 g CP/kg. The concentration (mg/dl) of urea in urine, milk and blood plasma was positively influenced in a linear form, and the highest rate of increase was found in urine, with 2 mg/dl for every 10 g CP/kg added to the diet. The microbial protein synthesis was not affected, but the diets reduced the microbial protein (44 g/day) and its ruminal production efficiency (30 g/kg total digestible nutrients). The levels above 190 g of CP are not recommended because of the energy expenditure required to excrete the urea.

Effect of chitosan on production performance of feedlot lambs

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (9) ◽  
pp. 1138-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Pereira ◽  
G. G. P. Carvalho ◽  
T. S. Magalhães ◽  
J. E. Freitas Júnior ◽  
L. F. B. Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
Feedlot Lambs

AbstractIntake, digestibility, nitrogen (N) balance, microbial protein synthesis, weight gain, yields of the main commercial cuts and carcass morphometric measurements were evaluated in lambs fed diets containing different levels of chitosan. Sixty Santa Inês crossbred sheep with an average body weight (BW) of 24 ± 2.2 kg were assigned to three treatments (diets containing 0, 136 or 272 mg chitosan/kg BW) in a completely randomized design. There was no effect of chitosan on dry matter (DM) intake. Ingested and retained N showed a quadratic response, with the highest values estimated at the chitosan levels of 142 and 152 mg/kg BW, respectively. Similar to N balance, microbial protein synthesis showed the same quadratic response, in which the level of 136 mg/kg BW resulted in higher synthesis when compared with the other levels. No effect of chitosan was detected on average daily gain, final weight, or carcass variables (hot carcass weight, cold carcass weight, yield of commercial cuts and morphometric measurements of the carcass). Conformation, visceral fat content and fatness of carcasses were also not altered by the use of chitosan. Chitosan improves the digestibility of DM, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre, and increases N balance and microbial protein synthesis but does not change the production performance of feedlot lambs.

scholarly journals Mesquite Extract as Phytogenic Additive to Improve the Nutrition of Sheep

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Tonhá Alves Júnior ◽  
Evaristo Jorge Oliveira de Souza ◽  
Airon Aparecido Silva de Melo ◽  
Dulciene Karla De Andrade Silva ◽  
Thaysa Rodrigues Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Rumen Content ◽  
Ciliated Protozoa ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis

Four concentrations (0, 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg extract per ml of water) of mesquite extract were used as phytogenic additive to verify the potential to increase the nutritional value of the feed, ruminal parameters (primarily propionate production) and nitrogen use efficiency, microbial protein synthesis and quantify the reduction of ciliated protozoa and characterize the ingestive behavior of sheep. Ten adult male sheep were subjected to a 5 × 5 double Latin square design. Prior to feeding, the animals received the mesquite extract. Nutrient intake was estimated from the difference of the amount of feed provided and the total surplus. Rumen content samples were collected to evaluate the profile of short-chain fatty acids, ammonia nitrogen, pH, ciliated protozoa, turnover rate and disappearance rate. To estimate the microbial protein synthesis, the technique of purine derivatives was used. The mesquite extract quadratically increased (P < 0.05) the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and total digestible nutrients, as well as increased propionate production, acetate:propionate ratio and microbial protein synthesis. The numbers of ciliate protozoa in the rumen decreased as a result of mesquite extract inclusion in the diet. The use of mesquite pod extract at a concentration of 488 mg/mL is recommended to improve digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and total digestible nutrients, and to optimize microbial protein synthesis and increase propionic acid production.

Intake, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance, and microbial protein synthesis in sheep fed spineless-cactus silage and fresh spineless cactus

2021 ◽  
Vol 194 ◽  
pp. 106293
Author(s):  
Gildênia Araújo Pereira ◽  
Edson Mauro Santos ◽  
Juliana Silva de Oliveira ◽  
Gherman Garcia Leal de Araújo ◽  
Raniere de Sá Paulino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis
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