Ingestive behavior of crossbred Santa Inês sheep fed water with different salinity levels

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of four water salinity levels on the ingestive behavior of non-castrated crossbred Santa Inês sheep. Thirty-two non-castrated crossbred Santa Inês sheep in feedlot, at seven months of age and initial average weight of 21.76±1.25 kg, were used in the experiment. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four treatments and eight replicates. Four concentrations of salts in the water fed to the animals were evaluated: low (640 mg/l); medium (3,188 mg/l); high (5,740 mg/l) and very high (8,326 mg/l) levels of total dissolved solids (TDS). For the ingestive behaviors, the animals were observed every ten minutes, for 24 hours, to determine the time spent feeding, ruminating and idle. Also, cud chewing and the average number of defecations and urinations and the frequency of water ingestion were determined. The time spent feeding, ruminating and idle were not changed by the salinity levels in the water. Dry matter intake, neutral detergent fiber intake, total chewing time, total cud chews per day, number of daily meals, average duration of each meal and number of defecations per day did not change either. However, feeding and rumination efficiency in grams of DM/h, water intake and number of urinations were linearly affected, whereas the variables rumination efficiency in grams of NDF/h, grams of dry matter per cud, grams of neutral detergent fiber per cud, number of cuds, number of chews per cud and chewing time per cud presented quadratic effect. The different levels of total dissolved solids (640; 3,188; 5,740; and 8.326 mg/l) in the water fed to the sheep did not cause alterations in their ingestive behavior. In conclusion, water with up to 8,326 mg TDS/l can be an alternative strategic and seasonal method to water crossbred Santa Ines sheep.

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Diets for sheeps whit levels of residual frying oil consequences on ingestive behavior

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n1p383 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 383

Author(s):

Eduardo Lucas Terra Peixoto ◽

Ivone Yurika Mizubuti ◽

Elzânia Pereira Sales ◽

Patrícia Guimarães Pimentel ◽

Odimári Pricila Prado-Calixto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Latin Square ◽

Frying Oil ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Ingestive Behavior ◽

Eating Time ◽

Linear Effect ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Measured Time ◽

Time Spent Feeding

The objective of this study was to evaluate the ingestive behavior of lambs fed diets containing different levels of residual frying oil. Different residual frying oil concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 g kg-1 dry matter base) in the diets of lambs were evaluated. The experimental diets were formulated to contain 12.8% crude protein (CP) with a 60:40 roughage:concentrate ratio. In each observation period, the following variables were measured: time spent eating, time spent ruminating, time spent idle, and number and time of ruminating chews per ruminated bolus. Animals were randomly allocated to treatment groups according to a Latin square design, with five treatments and five experimental periods. The average values were analyzed using regression analysis to 5%. There was no difference for the time spent feeding, ruminating and being idle. No differences in daily feeding number, total chewing time, number of rumination boluses, number of rumination chews per bolus, rumination chew time per bolus and feeding efficiency were observed. The efficiency of rumination for dry matter and neutral detergent fiber showed a decreased linear effect. It can be concluded that the inclusion of residual frying oil does not affect activities of feeding, rumination and being idle as well as the parameters of rumination chewing, but it does decrease the efficiency of rumination.

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Ingestive behavior of lambs fed with guava agro-industrial waste ( Psidium guajava )

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal ◽

10.1590/s1519-99402122192021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

Author(s):

Priscila Torres NOBRE ◽

Roberto Germano COSTA ◽

Neila Lidiany RIBEIRO ◽

Francisco Fernando Ramos de CARVALHO ◽

George Rodrigo Beltrão da CRUZ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Feed Efficiency ◽

Industrial Waste ◽

Control Diet ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Ingestive Behavior ◽

Control Group ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Inclusion Level ◽

Santa Inês

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of guava agro-industrial waste (GAW) on the ingestive behavior of Santa Inês lambs. Forty non-castrated sheep of the Santa Inês breed were used, at an initial weight of 21.33 ± 2.62 kg, and at the age of 120 days, distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and fed with increasing GAW levels (0.0, 7.5, 15.0, 22.5 and 30.0%). The average daily gain (ADG) showed orthogonal contrast (P <0.05), in which the animals that ingested the control diet had lower performances. The animals with GAW added to the diet obtained more significant weight gains reflected by a better feed conversion. Among the variables, idleness, feeding, and total chewing time had a significant effect (P<0.05); animals spent more time idle at the 30.0% inclusion level and less time in the control group. However, the means of the 7.5, 15.0, and 22.5% GAW inclusion levels were statistically similar to the control group and the 30.0% level. There was a significant effect (P<0.05) on feed efficiency, with the lowest values being presented for the control group and the highest values at the 30% inclusion level of GAW. The 30.0% GAW feed for lambs in confinement reduces feed time, and total chewing prolongs idleness and increases feed efficiency without compromising dry matter intake, neutral detergent fiber intake, and ADG.

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Effects of source and concentration of neutral detergent fiber from roughage in beef cattle diets on feed intake, ingestive behavior, and ruminal kinetics

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa107 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Rodrigo S Goulart ◽

Ricardo A M Vieira ◽

Joao L P Daniel ◽

Rafael C Amaral ◽

Vanessa P Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Beef Cattle ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Latin Square ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Ingestive Behavior ◽

Rumen Content ◽

Residence Times

Abstract The objectives of this research were to evaluate the effects of source and concentration of α-amylase-treated neutral detergent fiber (aNDF) from roughage on feed intake, ingestive behavior, and ruminal kinetics in beef cattle receiving high-concentrate diets. Six ruminally cannulated Nellore steers (408 ± 12 kg of body weight) were randomly assigned to a 6 × 6 Latin square design with six diets: 10% aNDF from corn silage (10CS); 20% aNDF from corn silage (20CS); or four diets containing 10% aNDF from corn silage and 10% aNDF from one of the following sources: sugarcane (SC), sugarcane bagasse (SCB), soybean hulls (SH), or low oil cottonseed hulls (LOCH). The parameters of passage and degradation kinetics were estimated based on a two-compartmental model with gamma- and exponential-distributed residence times. The nonlinear models were fitted by nonlinear least squares, and a linear mixed-effects model was fitted to all variables measured from the Latin square design that were related to intake, digestibility, digestion kinetic parameters, and residence times. Mean particle size (MPS) between roughage sources (CS, SCB, and SC) and coproducts (SH and LOCH) was affected (P < 0.05). Dry matter intake (DMI) was not affected (P > 0.05) by 20CS, SC, SH, or LOCH. Steers fed 20CS or LOCH diets had 16% and 20% greater DMI, respectively, (P < 0.05) than steers fed 10CS diet. Steers fed SCB consumed the least dry matter (DM). The SH and LOCH diets had lower MPS values (about 8.77 mm) in comparison to 20CS, SCB, and SC diets (about 13.08 mm) and, consequently, affected (P < 0.05) rumen content, ruminal in situ disappearance, nutrient digestibility, and solid fractional passage rate. Chewing time was affected (P < 0.05) by roughage sources and concentration. Lower values of distance travel inside the rumen (min/cm) were observed (P < 0.05) for the SCB and SC diets in comparison with any other diet. Except for SCB, there was no difference (P > 0.05) in rumen fill, among other treatments. Mean daily ruminal pH was not affected (P > 0.05) by 20CS, SCB, SC, and LOCH diets, and it ranged from 6.1 to 6.23. Total short-chain fatty acids concentration was affected (P < 0.05) by roughage source and concentration. Based on our results, we recommend that under Brazilian finishing diets, replacing roughage sources, except for SCB, based on aNDF concentration of the roughage in high-concentrate diets containing finely ground flint corn does not affect DMI.

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Performance and Ruminal Parameters of Boer Crossbred Goats Fed Diets that Contain Crude Glycerin

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9110967 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 967 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Higor Bezerra ◽

Edson Santos ◽

Juliana Oliveira ◽

Gleidson Carvalho ◽

Fabiano Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Linear Increase ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Production Performance ◽

Crude Glycerin ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Average Weight ◽

Linear Decrease ◽

Four Levels

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of four levels of crude glycerin (0, 50, 100, or 150 g/kg on a dry matter basis) on intake, digestibility, production performance, and ruminal parameters for finishing Boer crossbred goats. Thirty-two crossbred, castrated Boer × undefined breed goat kids, with an initial average weight of 17.8 ± 2.2 kg and approximately four months old, were distributed in a completely randomized design, with four treatments and eight repetitions. The dry matter and neutral detergent fiber intakes, both in g/day and percent of body weight, linearly decreased (p ≤ 0.05) with increased inclusion levels of crude glycerin in the diet. The dietary crude glycerin levels linearly decreased (p ≤ 0.01) the digestibility coefficients of ether extract and quadratically increased (p = 0.04) digestibility coefficients of neutral detergent fiber. The final weight, total weight gain, and average daily gain for the animals showed a linear decrease (p ≤ 0.02) as dietary crude glycerin levels increased. The addition of crude glycerin caused a linear increase in ruminal pH (p ≤ 0.01), which ranged from 6.27 to 6.49 for diets with 0 and 150 g/kg crude glycerin, respectively. The concentration of ruminal NH3–N exhibited a linear decrease as the crude glycerin inclusion levels increased (p ≤ 0.01). Total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration, individual molar ratio, and the acetate: Propionate ratio in the ruminal fluid of the animals were not influenced (p ≥ 0.07) by the dietary crude glycerin levels. These data indicate that crude glycerin should not be used to replace ground corn in the diets of growing goats that are finished in a feedlot because the substitution reduces the intake and digestibility of several nutrients and decreases performance.

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Effect of replacing Tifton Hay with Guandu Hay on intake, digestibility and ingestive behavior of dairy goats

Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascianimsci.v42i1.50840 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. e50840

Author(s):

Priscila Bernardo de Andrade ◽

Erica Beatriz Schultz ◽

Bruno Joaninho de Assis Villar ◽

Ana Caroline Ramos Teles da Silva ◽

Letícia dos Santos Lima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Water Intake ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Latin Square ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Ingestive Behavior ◽

Dairy Goat ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Fiber Digestibility

The purpose was to evaluate the effect of replacement of Tifton 85 hay with Guandu hay on the intake, digestibility and ingestive behavior of dairy goats. Five Saanen goats with average milk production of 2.26 ± 0.10 kg d-1, around 123 ± 4 days of lactation were assigned to a 5 x 5 Latin square design. The treatments consisted of five levels of replacement with Guandu: 0, 8.4, 16.8, 25.2, or 36.4 %. We sampled the food offered, leftovers and feces to calculate intake and digestibility, and the ingestive behavior was monitored for 24 hours. Regression analysis was applied with 5% significance. The nutrient intake and the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and protein decreased linearly with increasing levels of Guandu hay in the diet (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the neutral detergent fiber digestibility increased linearly, without change the water intake and ingestive behavior with replacement levels of Tifton hay with Guandu hay in the diet (p < 0.05). The replacement of up to 36.4% Tifton hay with Guandu hay in the dairy goat diet reduces the intake and digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and protein, and increasesfiber digestibility, without changing the ingestive behavior and water intake.

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Use of sugar cane to feed lactating dairy goats

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/1678-4162-12022 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 72 (6) ◽

pp. 2297-2307

Author(s):

A.M.D. Cabral ◽

F.F.R. Carvalho ◽

G.C.L. Santos ◽

J.C. Ferreira ◽

M.J.M.S. Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Yield ◽

Sugar Cane ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Latin Square ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Ingestive Behavior ◽

Feeding Time ◽

Critical Periods ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

The Difference

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of replacing corn silage with sugarcane in the diet of lactating Saanen goats and to determine their intake and digestibility of nutrients, ingestive behavior, milk yield and composition. The experimental diets were composed of increasing levels (0, 33, 66 and 100%) of substitution in dry matter (DM). Twelve multiparous Saanen goats, with an average body weight of 45.2kg, average milk yield of 3.0kg day-1, distributed in a triple latin square experimental design (4 × 4) were used. The dry matter intake (DMI) and other nutrients were estimated through the difference between the total nutrient in the food offered and its total in the leftovers. The DMI, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and total digestible nutrients were not influenced, but the apparent digestibility of DM and NDF decreased. Feeding time and feeding efficiency were not influenced, the rumination and total chewing times increased, and the leisure time decreased, both linearly. Milk yield was not influenced by substitution levels, but corrected milk yield to 3.5% fat decreased. Sugar cane represents a dietary alternative for goats with medium milk yield in critical periods of forage, since it does not change the consumption of DM and milk yield, even with the apparent declining digestibility of some nutrients, influencing the ingestive behavior of the animals.

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Increasing levels of concentrate digestibility, performance and ingestive behavior in lambs

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal ◽

10.1590/s1519-99402016000200006 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 186-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Henrique Nunes PARENTE ◽

Michelle de Oliveira Maia PARENTE ◽

Ruan Mourão da Silva GOMES ◽

Wesclley de Jesus dos Santos SODRÉ ◽

Miguel Arcanjo MOREIRA FILHO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Protein Digestibility ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Ingestive Behavior ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Gross Margin ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility

SUMMARY The objectives of this research were to determine the effects increasing levels of concentrate on nutrients digestibility, performance, economic viability of diets and ingestive behavior of lambs. Fifteen crossbred lambs were used in a randomized complete block design according to initial body weight and age. Lambs were penned individually during 55 days, being 10 days for adaptation of diets and 45 days for data collection. The treatments consisted in three isonitrogenous diets with increasing levels of concentrate: 40, 60, or 80%, in dry matter basis. No effect (P>0.05) were observed on dry matter intake, crude protein intake, crude protein digestibility and neutral detergent fiber digestibility, whereas the dry matter digestibility was lower (P<0.01) for lambs fed diets with 40% of concentrate. The addition of 80% concentrate decreased (P<0.05) neutral detergent fiber intake, however this treatment provided higher average daily gain, followed by 60 and 40% of concentrate. In relation to feeding behavior, the animals fed80% concentrate spent more time with feeding (P<0.05) compared to the other treatments. It is concluded that supplementation of concentrate between 60 to 80% improves dry matter digestibility and performance of crossbred lambs without relevant affect dry matter intake and ingestive behavior. A diet with 80% concentrate provides positive gross margin of profit.

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Total and partial digestibility, rates of digestion obtained with rumen evacuation and microbial protein synthesis in bovines fed fresh or ensiled sugar cane and corn silage

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s1516-35982011000500023 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 1104-1113 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Gustavo Chamon de Castro Menezes ◽

Sebastião de Campos Valadares Filho ◽

Felipe Antunes Magalhães ◽

Rilene Ferreira Diniz Valadares ◽

Lays Débora Mariz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Oxide ◽

Sugar Cane ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Latin Square ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Average Weight ◽

Passage Rate ◽

Intestinal Digestibility

It was evaluated intake, rumen and intestinal digestibility and passage and digestion rates in bovines fed diets constituted of corn silage, crushed sugar cane and given fresh, crushed sugar cane and given after 72 hours of storage, ensiled sugar cane with 1% of calcium oxide and with no treatment and a same concentrate fixed at 1% of body weight. All roughage was corrected to contain 10% of crude protein. It was used five rumen-fistulated bovine with average weight of 240 ± 15 kg, distributed in a 5 × 5 Latin square. Abomasum and total fecal collection and two rumen evacuations were carried out in the morning. Animals fed corn silage based diet presented greater rumen digestibility of the protein and intestinal digestibility of the ether extract, greater intake and passage of dry matter, justifying greater intakes of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber corrected for protein and ash (NDFap). The greatest passage rates in animals fed fresh sugar cane based diet justify greater intakes of dry matter and NDFap in relation to the one observed with sugar cane silage supply. Animal consuming corn silage diets present greater dry matter passage rate and NDFap digestion. Diets with fresh sugar cane, stored or not, favor dry matter passage rate and intake, in relation to ensiled sugar cane. The use of calcium oxide in the ensilage does not improve nutrient digestibility neither passage rate of the diet. Sugar cane stored for 72 hours has digestible traits similar to the ones of fresh sugar cane.

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Associative effect of monensin sodium to virginiamycin on the performance of beef steers in the initial feedlot phase

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n5supl1p2349 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 2349-2364

Author(s):

Mikael Neumann ◽

Giovanna Bobato Pontarolo ◽

Fernando Braga Cristo ◽

Bruno José Venancio ◽

Alana Dornelles Manchur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Mean Value ◽

Ingestive Behavior ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Average Weight ◽

Beef Steers ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Average Daily Weight Gain ◽

Combined Supplementation

The objective was to evaluate the associative effect of monensin sodium to virginiamycin on the performance, dry matter intake, apparent digestibility and ingestive behavior of steers in the initial feedlot phase. The experiment lasted for 30 days, divided into two experimental periods. Thirty-six Angus Nellore steers, non-castrated, with a mean age of 10 months and an average weight of 300 kg, were divided into 18 pens. Animals were assigned to three treatments with six replications each, with the inclusion of the following additives: T1-monensin sodium, dose of 200 mg day-1; T2-monensin sodium, dose of 125 mg day-1 + virginiamycin, dose of 125 mg day-1; and T3-monensin sodium, dose of 200 mg day-1 + virginiamycin, dose of 125 mg day-1. All experimental procedures were previously submitted to the UNICENTRO Committee for Ethics in Animal Experimentation (CEUA), and were approved for execution (Official Letter 021/2019). The combination of monensin sodium with virginiamycin at a dose of 200 mg + 125 mg animal day-1 showed greater (P < 0.05) average daily weight gain (1.919 kg day-1) and better feed conversion (4.27 kg DM kg of weight gain-1) compared to diets with monensin alone (200 mg animal day-1) or monensin combined with virginiamycin (125 mg + 125 mg animal day-1), even with no significant (P> 0.05) difference in DM intake, with a mean value of 7.88 kg animal day-1. Regardless of the isolated or combined supplementation of the additives, no significant differences were detected in the analysis of the feeder and feces scores, ingestive behavior, and rectal temperature or infrared thermography during the evaluation period. The combination of monensin sodium with virginiamycin at 200 mg + 125 mg animal day-1 proved to be efficient in the initial feedlot period, determined by the greater weight gain and better feed conversion observed in this study.

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Citrus pulp in lamb diets: intake, digestibility, and ruminal parameters

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n5p3421 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

pp. 3421 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Eduardo Lucas Terra Peixoto ◽

Mirton José Frota Morenz ◽

Carlos Elysio Moreira da Fonseca ◽

Elizabeth Dos Santos Moura ◽

Karla Rodrigues de Lima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Latin Square ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Average Weight ◽

Corn Meal ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Ruminal Ph ◽

Citrus Pulp ◽

Fermentation Parameters

<p>This study aimed to evaluate the viability of replacing corn meal with citrus pulp (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 % dry matter of corn meal) by evaluating several nutritional parameters such as intake and digestibility of nutrients, and ruminal fermentation parameters. The diets were formulated to be isoproteic with a roughage:concentrate ratio of 60:40. Five crossbred lambs with an initial average weight of 26.1 ± 1.8 kg were used and distributed in a 5 x 5 Latin Square design. For digestibility of nutrients was carried out to feed, orts, and feces collection. The evaluated nutrients were dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, ash, neutral detergent fiber, fiber acid detergent and lignin. Were determined nitrogen and carbohydrate fractions, and ruminal fermentation parameters (N-NH 3 and ruminal pH). The results were subjected to analysis of variance and regression analysis (t-test; ? = 0.05). Citrus pulp inclusion in the diets did not affect intake and digestibility of nutrients, or the pH and the NH3-N content of the rumen fluid. Citrus pulp can be used as a total substitute for corn in concentrate or up to 26.5% in the total ration for lambs (dry basis). </p>

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