Histological evaluation of the intestine of broiler chickens: comparison of three sampling methods

After the growth-promoting antibiotics prohibition, intestinal health became an increasing concern worldwide in poultry farming. The intestinal histological evaluation is an inexpensive technique that brings relevant information, but in poultry, the immediate process of intestinal post-mortem autolysis interferes directly on the samples quality for histological analysis hindering a precise diagnosis. This study aimed to standardize a technique for broilers’ intestines sample collection and fixation for histological analysis. Seven broiler chickens received a standard diet until 23 days of age when they were euthanized. Fragments of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were collected using three methods: intestine strips, transverse section, and Swiss roll and posteriorly fixed in 10% buffered formalin and bouin solution. Tissue samples were submitted for histological (number of villi and viable villi per field) and morphometrical (villi height, crypt depth and villi:crypt ratio) evaluations and the results analyzed statistically. A significant high number of villi and viable villi per field in all regions was observed in the Swiss roll method. In the duodenum (p= 0.0066) and jejunum (p= 0.0058) an interaction between the Swiss roll method and the fixative buffered formalin was observed in the viable and number of villi per field, respectively. Regarding the morphometrical analysis significant differences were observed, in the jejunum villi height sampling by the methods Swiss roll (1,157.66 ± 148.25 μm, p= 0.0015) that showed the highest mean. Deeper crypt depths were observed in the jejunum (156.59 ± 15.68 μm, p= 0.0002) and ileum (131.13 ± 15.01 μm, p= 0.0006) collect by the Swiss roll method. An interaction between the bouin fixative was also observed in the jejunum (p= 0.0223) for this variable. Duodenum sampling by transversal section (12.68 ± 1.45 μm, p= 0.0076) was the only segment that had a significant difference for villi:crypt ratio, showing the highest mean. It can be concluded that the Swiss roll technique was the best method for morphometrical evaluation of the chickens’ intestines, since the highest counts of villi per field and viable villi per field were obtained, while buffered formalin was considered as the best fixative.

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The Effect of Zingiber officinale on the Spleen Tissue and Antibody Titer of Broiler Chickens

Journal of Morphological Sciences ◽

10.4322/jms.088315 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 36 (01) ◽

pp. 046-050

Author(s):

Alireza Taghdisi ◽

Sajjad Hejazi

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

Control Group ◽

White Pulp ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Pulp Tissue ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Serum Factors ◽

Spleen Tissue ◽

Significant Difference

Introduction Increasing the immune system's function of fighting infectious diseases is very important in the poultry industry. Ginger, scientifically known as Zingiber officinale, belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. The use of ginger in the diet of poultry increases serum levels of superoxide dismutase enzymes and glutathione peroxidase, which are considered to be important antioxidant enzymes. The main objective of the present study is to evaluate the effect of ginger on the spleen tissue of broiler chickens. Material and Methods The specimens comprised 2 groups of 20 Ross breed broiler chicks, for 42 days and were then, examined and tested. The diet was supplemented with 1 g/kg of ginger powder from the beginning of the rearing period. Blood samples of the chicks were randomly collected to measure the levels of hemagglutination (HI). The removed spleens were fixed with 10% formalin buffer. The specimens were cut in 5-micron diameters and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Results and Conclusion There was a statistically significant difference in the mean of HI blood titers between the chicks in the growth period and final period groups (p < 0.05). The white-pulp tissue samples were more clearly seen in the treatment group than in the control group, and also, it was observed that the wall of the central artery of the white pulp was thicker in the ginger-treated group as compared with the control group. The nutritional value of ginger may vary. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the effect of this plant final on weight gain; the serum factors associated with the metabolic chart, and the response of the immune system to this plant.

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T-sejt-mediált rejectio gyakorisága vesetranszplantáció után, újonnan kialakult diabetes mellitusban

Orvosi Hetilap ◽

10.1556/650.2015.30125 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 156 (19) ◽

pp. 785-789 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bernadett Borda ◽

Edit Szederkényi ◽

Csaba Lengyel ◽

Tamás Várkonyi ◽

Zoltán Hódi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renal Function ◽

Kidney Transplantation ◽

T Cell ◽

Cyclosporine A ◽

Histological Evaluation ◽

Pathological Effect ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Onset Diabetes ◽

Significant Difference ◽

New Onset

Introduction: New-onset diabetes is one of the most common complications after kidney transplantation. Aim: The aims of the authors were to examine the frequency of new-onset diabetes mellitus in kidney transplanted patients receiving cyclosporine A (n = 95) and tacrolimus (n = 102) and to analyze the occurrence of T-cell mediated rejection in these two groups of patients. Method: Age, laboratory results, renal function and histological findings were evaluated one year after kidney transplantation. Histological evaluation was performed according to the 2007 modification of the Banff 1997 classification. Results: New-onset diabetes developed in 12% of patients receiving cyclosporine A-based immunosuppression and in 24% of patients taking tacrolimus (p = 0.002). Uric acid level (p = 0.002) and the age of the recipient (p = 0.003) were significantly different in the new-onset diabetic and non-diabetic groups, while renal function showed no significant difference. Evaluation of tissue samples revealed a significant difference in T-cell mediated rejection between the new-onset diabetic and non-diabetic groups (13 vs. 8 patients; 37% vs. 6%; p = 0.001). Conclusions: The results indicate an early development of the pathological effect of new-onset diabetes after kidney transplantation on the morphology of the renal allograft. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(19), 785–789.

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Next-generation sequencing not superior to culture in periprosthetic joint infection diagnosis

The Bone & Joint Journal ◽

10.1302/0301-620x.103b1.bjj-2020-0017.r3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 103-B (1) ◽

pp. 26-31

Author(s):

Beau J. Kildow ◽

Sean P. Ryan ◽

Richard Danilkowicz ◽

Alexander L. Lazarides ◽

Colin Penrose ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Next Generation Sequencing ◽

Periprosthetic Joint Infection ◽

Joint Infection ◽

Next Generation ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Musculoskeletal Infection ◽

Conventional Culture ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Generation Sequencing

Aims Use of molecular sequencing methods in periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) diagnosis and organism identification have gained popularity. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a potentially powerful tool that is now commercially available. The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of NGS, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), conventional culture, the Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria, and the recently proposed criteria by Parvizi et al in the diagnosis of PJI. Methods In this retrospective study, aspirates or tissue samples were collected in 30 revision and 86 primary arthroplasties for routine diagnostic investigation for PJI and sent to the laboratory for NGS and PCR. Concordance along with statistical differences between diagnostic studies were calculated. Results Using the MSIS criteria to diagnose PJI as the reference standard, the sensitivity and specificity of NGS were 60.9% and 89.9%, respectively, while culture resulted in sensitivity of 76.9% and specificity of 95.3%. PCR had a low sensitivity of 18.4%. There was no significant difference based on sample collection method (tissue swab or synovial fluid) (p = 0.760). There were 11 samples that were culture-positive and NGS-negative, of which eight met MSIS criteria for diagnosing infection. Conclusion In our series, NGS did not provide superior sensitivity or specificity results compared to culture. PCR has little utility as a standalone test for PJI diagnosis with a sensitivity of only 18.4%. Currently, several laboratory tests for PJI diagnosis should be obtained along with the overall clinical picture to help guide decision-making for PJI treatment. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(1):26–31.

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Production and evaluation of leukocyte- and thrombocyte-rich fibrin membranes in birds

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica ◽

10.1556/004.2019.030 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 67 (2) ◽

pp. 296-306

Author(s):

Laís L. Fernandes ◽

Sheila C. Rahal ◽

Alexandre T. Fabro ◽

Sabrina S. Batah ◽

Alicia G. Hippólito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Histological Analysis ◽

Bird Species ◽

Glass Tube ◽

The Other ◽

Equal Size ◽

Histological Evaluation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Thrombocyte Concentration ◽

Centrifugation Protocol

The aim of this study was the preparation and histological evaluation of Leukocyte- and Thrombocyte-Rich Fibrin (L-TRF) membranes obtained from the blood of four bird species. Forty adult healthy birds were divided into four groups of equal size: G1 – macaws, G2 – domestic chickens, G3 – parrots, G4 – toco toucans. A total of 0.5 mL of blood was collected from each bird, put into a glass tube without anticoagulant and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min. L-TRF membranes produced after compression of the clot were processed for histological analysis. The ratio of thrombocytes/area was not significantly different among Groups G2, G3 and G4, but a significant difference was found between Groups G1 and G2 with the highest thrombocyte concentration/area in G1. The groups did not differ statistically in the number of leukocytes/area. The fibrin-to-cells ratio did not vary statistically among Groups G1, G2 and G3, but this ratio was significantly higher in Group G4 than in the other groups. The thrombocyte-to-leukocyte ratio was the highest in Group G1, but it did not differ among Groups G2, G3 and G4. In conclusion, the centrifugation protocol allowed the production of L-TRF membranes in the four bird species studied. Histologically, cell ratios were analogous in domestic chickens and parrots, and macaws had the highest ratio of thrombocytes.

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Motor and histological findings in a model of sci: comparison between posterior and lateral clips

Coluna/Columna ◽

10.1590/s1808-18512014130400474 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 318-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Asdrubal Falavigna ◽

Guilherme Finger ◽

Cesar Sebben ◽

Pedro Guarise da Silva ◽

Lucas Piccoli Conzati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Histological Analysis ◽

Histological Evaluation ◽

Lesion Area ◽

Lateral Group ◽

Posterior Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Cord Injury ◽

Female Wistar Rats ◽

Closing Pressure

Objective: To evaluate the locomotor and histological impact on the spinal cord comparing lateral and posterior clip placement. Method: Randomized experimental trial. Twenty female Wistar rats, weighing between 250 and 300 grams and aged 12-14 weeks were randomized in two groups according to the placement of the clip: lateral group (N=10) and posterior group (N=10). After exposing the thoracic segment of the spine (T8-T10), a laminectomy was performed at the T9 level under microscopic view. The spinal cord injury was made using a 5 mm long aneurysm clip with a closing pressure of 50 grams. Locomotor behavior was evaluated by the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan scale in days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after surgery. The area of injury was assessed by histological analysis and measured by a software. Results: The histological evaluation showed a larger mean area of 4.8±1mm² of lesion (P=0.03) in the lateral group when compared with the posterior group mean area of 2.3±2mm². There was no significant difference between lateral and posterior groups with respect to locomotor scores from day 1 to 28 (P=0.361). Conclusion: The lesion area observed in the spinal cord histology after lateral placement of a clip was significantly bigger than in the posterior placement. The motor evaluation showed similar BBB scores regardless of the type of clamping method.

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Infection-induced coronary dysfunction and systemic inflammation in piglets are dampened in hypercholesterolemic milieu

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.01253.2010 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 300 (5) ◽

pp. H1595-H1601 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Malene M. Birck ◽

Erkki Pesonen ◽

Michal Odermarsky ◽

Axel K. Hansen ◽

Kenneth Persson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systemic Inflammation ◽

Chlamydia Pneumoniae ◽

Arterial Injury ◽

Nonparametric Tests ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pathogen Burden

The synergism of infection with conventional cardiovascular risk factors in atherosclerosis is much debated. We hypothesized that coronary arterial injury correlates with infection recurrence and pathogen burden and is further aggravated by hypercholesterolemia. Forty-two Göttingen minipigs were assigned to repeated intratracheal inoculation of PBS, Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn), or both Cpn and influenza virus at 8, 11, and 14 wk of age. Animals were fed either standard or 2% cholesterol diet (chol-diet). At 19 wk of age coronary vasomotor responses to acetylcholine (ACh) and adenosine were assessed in vivo and blood and tissue samples were collected. Nonparametric tests were used to compare the groups. In cholesterol-fed animals, total cholesterol/HDL was significantly increased in infected animals compared with noninfected animals [3.13 (2.17–3.38) vs. 2.03 (1.53–2.41), respectively; P = 0.01]. C-reactive protein (CRP) rose in infected animals [10.60 (4.96–18.00) vs. 2.47 (1.44–3.01) μg/ml in noninfected; P < 0.01] without significant difference between the mono- and coinfected groups. Among coinfected animals, both CRP and haptoglobin were lower in those fed chol-diet than in those fed standard diet ( P < 0.05). The vasoconstricting response to ACh was most prominent in coinfected animals {769.3 (594–1,129) cm; P = 0.03 vs. noninfected [342 (309–455) cm] and P = 0.07 vs. monoinfected [415 (252.5–971.8) cm]}. Among monoinfected animals, similar to CRP, a trend for less vasoconstriction was observed in those fed chol-diet ( P = 0.08). Coinfection of piglets appears to be associated with more pronounced coronary muscarinic vasomotor dysfunction. In monoinfected animals, use of chol-diet seems to dampen both coronary dysfunction and systemic inflammation induced by infection.

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NIMG-47. METABOLIC CHARACTERIZATION OF IDH MUTANT LOWER GRADE GLIOMA USING SPECTROSCOPIC IMAGING OPTIMIZED FOR 2-HYDROXYGLUTARATE DETECTION

Neuro-Oncology ◽

10.1093/neuonc/noaa215.660 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. ii158-ii158

Author(s):

Marisa LaFontaine ◽

Adam Autry ◽

Elizabeth Philips ◽

Llewellyn Jalbert ◽

Javier Villanueva-Meyer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tumor Biology ◽

Progression Free Survival ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Metabolic Parameters ◽

Lower Grade ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Lower Grade Glioma ◽

Idh Mutations ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract INTRODUCTION Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1/2) genes are both diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for lower grade gliomas, which can be noninvasively evaluated via MRS detection of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG). A high percentage of lower grade gliomas harbor IDH mutations that have a major impact on tumor biology. METHODS Forty IDH-mutant lower grade glioma patients were recruited and scanned using 2HG-optimized 97ms PRESS spectroscopy prior to surgical resection, whereupon image-guided tissue samples were acquired and analyzed via histopathology. Spectra were processed and quantified using LCModel. Wilcoxon ranksum tests were used to compare the difference in metabolic parameters between patient subgroups. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the influence of metabolic parameters on progression free survival (PFS). Pearson and Kendall Tau rank correlations were used for metabolites and histopathology parameters. RESULTS Levels of 2HG were quantifiable in 37/40 (92.5%) IDH+ patients, yielding a detection rate of 92.5%. A significant difference in myoinositol/total choline was found between astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma in the newly diagnosed grade II population (N=10/13, p=0.042) and also in the overall population (N=25/15, p=0.022). 2HG/creatine was the only significant prognostic indicator on PFS in newly diagnosed patients (p=0.036, HR=4.435; N=33), who had a median PFS of 1472 days [95%CI 994 1950 days] (15 censored). Significantly decreased glutamate/creatine and increased (2HG+GABA)/creatine (p< 0.0001) were found in the T2 lesion compared to those in the normal appearing white matter. At the location where the biopsy samples were taken, there was a significant relationship between 2HG/creatine and glycine/creatine (0.93±0.01; mean±SD Tau; p=0.0005) as well as 2HG/creatine and glutathione/creatine (0.96±0.02; mean±SD Tau; p=0.001) but no significance between the metabolites and pathology parameters were found. CONCLUSIONS The non-invasive detection of 2HG can provide clinically relevant information for patient management and our study demonstrated both the feasibility of 2HG detection and its relationship with PFS.

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Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Anggur Laut terhadap Penurunan Kadar Kolesterol LDL Rattus norvegicus Jantan yang Mendapat Diet Tinggi Lemak

Hang Tuah Medical journal ◽

10.30649/htmj.v17i2.340 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 192

Author(s):

RONALDO LAU ◽

SULISTIANA PRABOWO ◽

RIAMI RIAMI

Keyword(s):

Cholesterol Level ◽

Rattus Norvegicus ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

White Male ◽

Standard Diet ◽

High Fat ◽

Caulerpa Racemosa ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Male Wistar Rats

ABSTRACTBackground: High fat diet increase the absorption of lipid in the intestinum, that can lead to increase LDL cholesterol level in the blood. Sea grapes extract (Caulerpa racemosa) contains antioxidant polyphenolic group that can reduce MTP and ACAT-2 in the body that can decrease LDL cholesterol level in the blood.The purpose of this study is to know the effect of sea grapes extract on decreasing LDL cholesterol of white male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) fed with high fat diet.Method: 24 white male Wistar rats, that divided into 3 groups: 1) group of rats fed with standard diet for 28 days; 2) group of rats fed with high fat diet for 28 days; 3) group of rats fed with high fat diet for 28 days and given 10 gram/kg body weight/day of sea grapes extract on 15th-28th days. Then the blood LDL cholesterol level measured on the 29th day.Result : One-Way ANOVA Test showed there was significant difference (p=0.004) of LDL level between the group of rats fed with standard diet (12.37 mg/dl) compared to group of rats fed with high fat diet (17.87 mg/dl). There was significant difference (p=0.001) of LDL level between the group of rats fed with high fat diet (17.87 mg/dl) compared to group of rats fed with high fat diet and sea grapes extract (10.12 mg/dl).Conclusion: high fat diet significantly increase blood LDL cholesterol level and sea grapes extract (Caulerpa racemosa) significantly decrease blood LDL cholesterol level. Keywords :Sea grapes extract, LDL cholesterol, high fat diet

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ANALISIS TINGKAT PEMAHAMAN MAHASISWA AKUNTANSI TERHADAP KONSEP DASAR AKUNTANSI (Studi Empiris pada Mahasiswa Akuntansi di Universitas Bung Hatta Padang)

Jurnal Kajian Akuntansi dan Auditing ◽

10.37301/jkaa.v0i0.5379 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Ethika Ethika ◽

Ade Saputra

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Social Studies ◽

Hypothesis Testing ◽

Vocational Education ◽

Formal Education ◽

Accounting Students ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Basic Concepts ◽

Education Of Students

This study has several objectives first prove a significant difference in understanding of the assets, liabilities and capital between the students from SMK Accounting Department, High School and Madrasah Aliyah Department of Public IPS IPS majors. Prior to hypothesis testing performed prior sample collection is 68 students who have graduated from vocational secondary education level majoring in Accountancy, SMA study of majoring of IPS science Madrasah Aliyah common in college majoring in social studies at the Bung Hatta University of Padang. Type of data used are obtained through deployment of primary questionnaire. Variable study is a basic understanding of accounting concepts consisting of cash, liabilities and capital, while the distinguishing dimension is the level of formal education of students in the past. The process of hypothesis testing is done by using a statistical test that is using the Kruskal Walls. Based on the results of testing the first hypothesis of no difference in the understanding of accounting students from vocational education majoring in accounting, SMA students and Madrasah Aliyah major of IPS science. in understanding the basic concepts of accounting view of the assets. The second hypothesis found differences in the understanding of accounting students from vocational education majoring in accounting, high school social studies department, and public Madrasah Aliyah Department the major of IPS science of the basic concepts of accounting in view of the obligation. The third hypothesis found no differences in accounting students' understanding of vocational education majoring in accounting, SMA student, and Madrasah Aliyah general social studies department of the basic concepts of accounting view of capital.

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Flaxseed and Vitamin E Exert Synergic Antioxidant Action on Diabetic Nephropathy in Experimental Diabetes

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.17.7.5693 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (7) ◽

pp. 1449-1452 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Raluca Ecaterina Haliga ◽

Doina Butcovan ◽

Teodor Oboroceanu ◽

Alin Constantin Pinzariu ◽

Victor Vlad Costan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Intraperitoneal Injection ◽

Experimental Diabetes ◽

Histological Evaluation ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Antioxidant Action ◽

Syrian Hamsters

This study investigated the effects of flaxseed and vitamin E on diabetic nephropathy lesions in an experimental-induced model of diabetes in hamsters. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) in male Golden Syrian hamsters, and diabetic animals were fed either standard diet, or standard diet supplemented with flaxseed (150 g/kg diet), vitamin E (400 mg a-tocopherol/kg diet) or combination of flaxseed and vitamin E in the same dosages, for 20 weeks. Kidney histological evaluation of the diabetic hamsters revealed histological lesions characteristic for diabetic nephropathy, while supplementation of the diet with flaxseed and/or vitamin E improved histological aspects of diabetic nephropathy.

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