scholarly journals Tendência de resistência entre isolados clínicos de Staphylococcus aureus em um hospital universitário do norte do Paraná de 2002 a 2011

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1Supl) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Marcia Regina Eches Perugini ◽  
Vitor Hugo Perugini ◽  
Ana Rúbia Magalhães Ferreira ◽  
Caio Ferreira de Oliveira ◽  
Guilherme Teixeira Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute ◽  
Clinical Laboratory Standard

Staphylococcus aureus são patógenos com alta ocorrência em infecções hospitalares e comunitárias e têm grande capacidade de adquirir resistência. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o perfil de resistência aos antimicrobianos de S. aureus isolados no Hospital Universitário de Londrina de janeiro de 2002 a dezembro de 2011. A análise retrospectiva de 3.494 S. aureus foi realizada a partir de um banco de dados do setor de Microbiologia do Laboratório Clínico do Hospital Universitário de Londrina (HUL). Resistência aos antimicrobianos foi determinada de acordo com os critérios recomendados pelo Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI-2011). Os maiores percentuais de resistência foram verificados para eritromicina (49,4%), oxacilina, clindamicina (41,8%) e ciprofloxacina (36,5%). Adicionalmente, ocorreu redução significativa nas taxas de resistência à gentamicina, e a sulfametoxazol-trimetoprim. Todas as cepas analisadas foram sensíveis à linezolide. Verificou-se que 40% apresentaram susceptibilidade reduzida à vancomicina. Estes dados revelaram uma provável mudança na epidemiologia de S. aureus na nossa região, o que pode trazer impacto no tratamento e controle da infecção por este agente etiológico.

scholarly journals EFICÁCIA DE SOLUÇÕES DESINFETANTES NA ELIMINAÇÃO DE FUNGOS DE IMPORTÂNCIA MÉDICA E VETERINÁRIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Martins Madrid ◽  
Alessandra Jacomelli Teles ◽  
Rosema Santin ◽  
Antonella Souza Mattei ◽  
Angelita Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Sporothrix Schenckii ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Malassezia Pachydermatis ◽  
Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute ◽  
Clinical Laboratory Standard

Programas de higiene e desinfecção são essenciais no controle ambiental de agentes fúngicos potencialmente patogênicos aos homens e animais, dessa forma objetivou-se avaliar a ação antifúngica do hipoclorito de sódio 4% e digluconato de clorexidina 6,6% em doze isolados fúngicos. Foram testados fungos isolados do ambiente e de casos clínicos como Aspergillus spp, Candida spp, Microsporum spp, Malassezia pachydermatis, Cryptococcus neoformans e Sporothrix schenckii. Foram utilizadas as técnicas de microdiluição em caldo e difusão em ágar conforme protocolos descritos pelo Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) com adaptações para agentes químicos. Todos os isolados foram sensíveis a concentrações inferiores a recomendada pelo fabricante do digluconato de clorexidina (6,6%) com CIM e CFM entre ≤0,42 a 1,68%. Para o hipoclorito de sódio, 58,3% dos isolados foram resistentes a concentração recomendada pelo fabricante (4%) apresentando CIM e CFM entre 2 e >8%. O digluconato de clorexidina apresentou maiores zonas de inibição do que o hipoclorito de sódio, com halos de até 31mm de diâmetro. A clorexidina demonstrou ação fungicida em baixas concentrações sendo eficaz na eliminação de fungos filamentosos e leveduriformes de importância médica e veterinária, enquanto o hipoclorito de sódio somente obteve esta ação em altas concentrações.

scholarly journals Identifikasi Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Uji Sensitivitas terhadap Antibiotik dari Sampel Pus Infeksi Luka Operasi di RSUD Dr. Moewardi

Biomedika ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Aulia Wahyu Sulviana ◽  
Nony Puspawati ◽  
Rizal Maarif Rukmana
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute ◽  
Clinical Laboratory Standard ◽  
Selective Agar

Infeksi luka operasi merupakan bagian dari infeksi nosokomial. Salah satu bakteri penyebab tertinggi infeksi luka operasi adalah Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya Pseudomonas aeruginosa pada sampel pus infeksi luka operasi dari Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Moewardi dan untuk mengetahui pola sensitivitasnya terhadap beberapa antibiotik. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa yang telah diisolasi dari sampel pada media Pseudomonas Selective Agar lalu dilakukan pengecatan Gram dan uji biokimia, kemudian dilakukan uji sensitivitas terhadap beberapa antibiotik yaitu: siprofloksasin, seftriakson, meropenem, sefotaksim, gentamisin, dan tobramisin dengan metode difusi Kirby Bauer. Hasil diameter zona hambat pada uji sensitivitas dibandingkan dengan standar diameter zona hambat menurut Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 45 sampel pus infeksi luka operasi di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Moewardi teridentifikasi 11 sampel positif Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Hasil uji sensitivitas menunjukkan bahwa Pseudomonas aeruginosa sensitif 100% terhadap meropenem. Hasil uji sensitivitas menunjukkan sensitif 90,90% terhadap siprofloksasin, tobramisin dan gentamisin. Hasil uji sensitivitas menunjukkan sensitif 63,63% pada seftriakson dan hasil uji sensitivitas menunjukkan sensitif 9,09% pada sefotaksim.

Staphylococcus singaporensis sp. nov., a new member of the Staphylococcus aureus complex, isolated from human clinical specimens

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ka Lip Chew ◽  
Sophie Octavia ◽  
Deborah Lai ◽  
Raymond T. P. Lin ◽  
Jeanette W. P. Teo
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Core Gene ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
New Members ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Genotypic Analysis

Staphylococcus argenteus and Staphylococcus schweitzeri are the newest members of the Staphylococcus aureus complex. The number of clinical reports attributed to these new S. aureus complex members is limited. In a retrospective clinical laboratory study conducted over a 4-month period investigating the prevalence of S. argenteus and S. schweitzeri , a total of 43 isolates were selected. Phylogeny based on core-gene multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis confirmed that 37 were S. argenteus but a genetically distinct clade of six isolates was identified. Digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) analyses further supported the classification of these six isolates as a separate species. When compared to S. aureus complex reference genomes, the ANI values were ≤94 % and the dDDH values were <53 %. Based on the seven-gene S. aureus MLST scheme, the six isolates belong to five novel allelic profiles (ST6105, ST6106, ST6107, ST6108 and ST109). Their clinical infection features were similar to S. aureus . Skin and soft tissue infections presented in four out of the six cases. Routine clinical diagnostic identification using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and biochemical profiling does not differentiate these new members from the rest of the complex. Genotypic analysis suggests that the six isolates belong to a novel species, Staphylococcus singaporensis sp. nov. with isolate SS21T (=DSM 111408T=NCTC14419T) designated as the type strain.

scholarly journals 2559. Incidence and Clinical Impact of Discordant Genotypic and Phenotypic Categorization of Methicillin Susceptibility in Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S70-S70
Author(s):  
Jessica Gulliver ◽  
Brittney Jung-Hynes ◽  
Derrick Chen
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Positive Blood Culture ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia ◽  
Oxacillin Resistance ◽  
Initial Hospitalization

Abstract Background Methicillin-susceptible/methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA/MRSA) can be directly identified from positive blood culture bottles using molecular methods. This provides faster results than traditional phenotypic testing, but discrepancies between the two are occasionally found. We sought to determine the incidence and clinical impact of such discrepancies. Methods Positive blood culture bottles are routinely tested in the hospital clinical laboratory for mecA via Xpert MRSA/SA BC (PCR), and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) via MicroScan PC33 is performed on recovered S. aureus isolates; discrepancies between PCR and AST are resolved by repeat and supplemental (Kirby-Bauer) testing. A retrospective review of medical and laboratory data from January 2015 to December 2017 was performed on all patients that had discordant PCR and AST results. Results Approximately 1,200 PCR assays were performed from January 2015 to December 2017, and there were 5 (0.4%) cases with discordant AST Results. Four cases were classified as MSSA by PCR but MRSA by AST, and 1 case was classified as MRSA by PCR but MSSA by AST. For the former group, antimicrobial therapy was changed in 2 patients to cover MRSA and 1 patient was readmitted, while the remaining 2 patients were already being treated for MRSA; for the latter case, this patient was treated for MRSA during the initial hospitalization, but was readmitted with disseminated MSSA and subsequently deceased. Based on genetic targets identified by PCR and cefoxitin and oxacillin AST, discrepancies were likely due to borderline oxacillin resistance (BORSA) (n = 1), presence of an SCCmec variant not detected by PCR (n = 1), or undetermined (n = 3). Conclusion Rapid identification of MRSA bacteremia via PCR provides actionable information to direct empiric treatment. While highly accurate, PCR results are infrequently not corroborated by AST. This rare possibility should be considered when modifying therapy based on initial PCR results, and there should be close communication between the clinical team and laboratory for these challenging cases. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Reversion of the Glycopeptide Resistance Phenotype in Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Boyle-Vavra ◽  
Sarah K. Berke ◽  
Jean C. Lee ◽  
Robert S. Daum
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Serial Passage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vancomycin Resistance ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Glycopeptide Resistance ◽  
Resistance Phenotype ◽  
Capsule Production ◽  
Cell Surface Changes

ABSTRACT The recent identification of glycopeptide intermediate-resistantStaphylococcus aureus (GISA) clinical isolates has provided an opportunity to assess the stability of the glycopeptide resistance phenotype by nonselective serial passage and to evaluate reversion-associated cell surface changes. Three GISA isolates from the United States (MIC of vancomycin = 8 μg/ml) and two from Japan (MICs of vancomycin = 8 and 2 μg/ml) were passaged daily on nutrient agar with or without vancomycin supplementation. After 15 days of passage on nonselective medium, vancomycin- and teicoplanin-susceptible revertants were obtained from each GISA isolate as determined by broth dilution MIC. Revertant isolates were compared with parent isolates for changes in vancomycin heteroresistance, capsule production, hemolysis phenotype, coagulase activity, and lysostaphin susceptibility. Several revertants lost the subpopulations with intermediate vancomycin resistance, whereas two revertants maintained them. Furthermore, although all of the parent GISA isolates produced capsule type 5 (CP5), all but one revertant tested no longer produced CP5. In contrast, passage on medium containing vancomycin yielded isolates that were still intermediately resistant to vancomycin, had no decrease in the MIC of teicoplanin, and produced detectable CP5. No consistent changes in the revertants in hemolysis phenotype, lysostaphin susceptibility, or coagulase activities were discerned. These data indicate that the vancomycin resistance phenotype is unstable in clinical GISA isolates. Reversion of the vancomycin resistance phenotype might explain the difficulty in isolating vancomycin-resistant clinical isolates from the blood of patients who fail vancomycin therapy and, possibly, may account for some of the difficulties in identifying GISA isolates in the clinical laboratory.

scholarly journals Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Control in the 21st Century: Laboratory Involvement Affecting Disease Impact and Economic Benefit from Large Population Studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 2647-2654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lance R. Peterson ◽  
Donna M. Schora
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Program Cost

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is a global health care problem. Large studies (e.g., >25,000 patients) show that active surveillance testing (AST) followed by contact precautions for positive patients is an effective approach for MRSA disease control. With this approach, the clinical laboratory will be asked to select what AST method(s) to use and to provide data monitoring outcomes of the infection prevention interventions. This minireview summarizes evidence for MRSA disease control, reviews the involvement of the laboratory, and provides examples of how to undertake a program cost analysis. Health care organizations with total MRSA clinical infections of >0.3/1,000 patient days or bloodstream infections of >0.03/1,000 patient days should implement a MRSA control plan.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes in community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the district of Pomoravlje

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Petrovic-Jeremic ◽  
Nada Kuljic-Kapulica ◽  
Elizabeta Ristanovic ◽  
Dragana Josic ◽  
Zorica Lepsanovic
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
The Other ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Standard Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Panton Valentine Leukocidin ◽  
Valentine Leukocidin

Background/Aim. Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) strains appear to have rapidly disseminated among population in the community without established risk factors for MRSA worldwide. Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is a cytolytic toxin, encoded by the lukF-PV and lukF-PV genes. PVL may be the key toxin responsible for enhanced virulence of CA-MRSA. The aim of this study was to detect the genes encoding PVL in CA-MRSA isolates from healthy people from the District of Pomoravlje. Methods. We took throat and nose swabs from healthy, employed persons with mandatory sanitary examinations and analyzed the presence of MRSA, between January 2011 and December 2012 in the District of Pomoravlje. Susceptibility of isolated strains to cefoxitin was investigated by using disc diffusion according to the recommendation of CLSI (Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute), and by E test. The presence of penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a) in Staphylococci was detected using latex agglutination Slidex ?MRSA Detection test. The gold standard, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, was used for detection of mecA gene and PVL gene, and typing of SCCmec region. Results. Our investigation showed that staphylococcal carrier state was present in 2.58% of 52,910 throat and nasal swabs, and in 50 of them (3.67%) MRSA was isolated. Among these MRSA, 2 (4%) isolates were PVL-positive. Conclusion. The prevalence of CAMRSA and the presence of PVL gene among healthy, employed population in the District of Pomoravlje were low. The values obtained in this study show that, our region is not significantly different from the other parts of our country, nor from the other European countries.

scholarly journals Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus among indigenous people of Toba Qom ethnic, Benjamín Aceval, Paraguay

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 2720
Author(s):  
Paulo Roberto Blanco Moreira Norberg ◽  
Maria Laura Meister Villalba ◽  
Larissa Duarte Ortellado ◽  
Marcelo Coronel ◽  
Paulo César Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Indigenous Ethnic Group ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Invasive Infections

Background: Staphylococcus aureus are Gram positive cocci components of the normal microbiota of the skin and mucosa, but can attack other sites of the organism depending on favourable conditions. The condition of host of this bacterium colonizing the nasal mucosa is recognized as a potential risk factor for subsequent invasive infections. This research had the objective to investigate the prevalence of nasal carriers of S. aureus among Toba Qom indigenous ethnic group of the San Francisco de Asis community, Paraguay, and to determine the sensitivity profile to antimicrobial agents.Methods: 141 samples of the nasal cavities were analyzed. Isolation and identification were performed by conventional microbiological methods, by the staining characteristics of the Gram method, catalase and coagulase tests, mannitol fermentation test and deoxyribonuclease test. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by the agar diffusion technique according to a procedure standardized by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards.Results: 22 of the 141 individual examined samples were colonized by Staphylococcus aureus, which corresponds to a prevalence of 15.6%.Conclusions: Multidrug-resistant strains were not isolated. All samples presented good sensitivity to most antibiotics except for nalidixic acid, which all samples presented resistance. 

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