scholarly journals Effect of sowing date, irrigation and mulch on thermal time requirement and heat use efficiency of maize (Zea mays L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
HARLEEN KAUR ◽  
P.K. KINGRA ◽  
SOM PAL SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Heat Units ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Maize Variety ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Meteorology

The field experiments was carried out for three years (2015 to 2017) at the Research Farm, Department of Climate Change and Agricultural Meteorology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana with maize variety PMH-1 sown on three dates (D1-Third week of May, D2-Second week of June and D3- First week of July) under two irrigation regimes (I1 = IW:CPE 1.0 and I2 IW:CPE 0.75) and mulch application (M1: straw mulch @ 5 tha-1 and M2: without mulch) in a split plot design.Results revealed that the early sown crop(third week of May) took higher number of days and heat units to attain various phenophases. Maize variety PMH-1 consumed maximum heat units of 1952oC days for maturity under early sown condition. The heat use efficiency was highest (3.04 kg ha-1oCday-1)for the crop sown during June. Among irrigation regimes, the HUE was higher (2.89 kg ha-1oC day-1) in IW: CPE = 0.75 level of irrigation ascompared to IW: CPE = 1.00 (2.81 kg ha-1oCday-1) and higher HUE was obtained with mulch application (M1) (2.92 kg ha-1oCday-1) as compared to without mulch (M2) (2.76 kg ha-1oCday-1). The sowing of maize crop during second week of June with irrigation of IW: CPE 0.75 under mulch application have been found to be the most efficient for heat utilisation.

Methods and time of application of labelled nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in maize (Zea mays L.) cultivation

1985 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-534
Author(s):  
E. P. Papanicolaou ◽  
V. D. Skarlou ◽  
C. Nobeli ◽  
N. S. Katranis
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Maize Grain

SummaryIn this study two field experiments were conducted on a heavy to medium heavy, calcareous, recent alluvial soil of Central Greece. The main aim of these experiments was to study the effect of the most common nitrogen sources, applied in one or two doses, on maize growth and fertilizer utilization. Foliar application of urea was also a treatment included in these experiments.Phosphorus alone had no significant effect on maize yield. Nitrogen (various forms), alone or in combination with phosphorus, increased the yield and nitrogen content of maize. Maize yield was not significantly affected by the form of nitrogen or by dividing the application of nitrogen. Foliar applications of urea were as effective as soil applications in increasing maize grain yields.The percentage of fertilizer nitrogen taken up (utilization coefficient) ranged between ca. 58% for sodium nitrate and ammonium nitrate, and ca. 39% for ammonium sulphate and urea, when the fertilizers were applied about 10 weeks after sowing. Foliar urea was nearly as efficiently utilized as urea applied as a sidedressing. Application of the tested fertilizers before sowing was nearly as efficient as or more efficient than application of the fertilizers as a sidedressing at 70 cm plant height (38 days after sowing). Finally, addition of 120 kg N/ha enhanced the amount of soil nitrogen taken up in the maize crop by 33%.

scholarly journals MODELING APPLIED TO SOWING DATE OF IRRIGATED MAIZE

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
IVALDO MARTINS BOGGIONE ◽  
CAMILO DE LELIS TEIXEIRA DE ANDRADE ◽  
JOÃO CARLOS FERREIRA BORGES JÚNIOR ◽  
JOÃO HERBERT MOREIRA VIANA
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Maize Crop

 ABSTRACT – In Brazil, the rainfed maize crop may undergo yield breaks due to uncertainties in the rainfall distribution. Irrigation can be a management alternative that, however, requires evaluation and planning to be helpful. The objective of this work was to analyze the simulated yield data of irrigated maize in counties of Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The CSM-CERES-Maize model was used to simulated weekly sowings of maize considering optimum agronomic conditions. A sprinkler irrigation scheme with 80% efficiency was used with automatic applications when the crop withdrew 50% of the soil available water. The harvest was scheduled to happen automatically when the crop had reached physiological maturity. The results were statistically analyzed for each county, based on goodness of fit test, ANOVA, Tukey’s test and risk analysis (stochastic dominance). The most promising sowing period was from January 16 to March 27 for all locations, except for Janaúba, for which the best sowing window was from November 14 to January 2. The treatments of highest average simulated maize yield stochastically dominated the other treatments evaluated. The CSM-CERES-Maize model proved to be a useful tool to help making decision in irrigated maize crop systems.Keywords: Zea mays L., CSM-CERES-Maize, DSSAT, risk analysis. MODELAGEM APLICADA A DATAS DE SEMEADURA DE MILHO IRRIGADO  RESUMO – No Brasil, a produção de milho de sequeiro pode sofrer quebras de rendimento devido a irregularidades na distribuição de chuvas. A irrigação pode ser uma alternativa de manejo que, todavia, requer avaliação e planejamento para ser benéfica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a produtividade simulada de milho irrigado em municípios do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. O modelo CSM-CERES-Maize foi utilizado para simular semeaduras semanais de milho, assumindo condições agronômicas ótimas. Considerou-se um esquema de irrigação por aspersão com 80% de eficiência, com aplicações automáticas quando a planta extraísse 50% da água disponível do solo. A colheita foi programada para acontecer automaticamente quando a cultura atingisse a maturidade fisiológica. Os resultados foram estatisticamente analisados para cada município, com base em teste de aderência, ANOVA, teste de Tukey e análise de risco (dominância estocástica). O período de semeadura mais promissor foi de 16 de janeiro a 27 de março, para todos os locais, exceto Janaúba, em que a melhor janela de semeadura foi de 14 de novembro a 2 de janeiro. Os tratamentos de maior rendimento médio simulado de milho dominaram estocasticamente os demais tratamentos avaliados. O modelo CSM-CERES-Maize demonstrou ser uma ferramenta útil para auxiliar na tomada de decisão em sistemas de produção de milho irrigado.Palavras-chave: Zea mays L., CSM-CERES-Maize, DSSAT, análise de risco.

scholarly journals Effect of sowing dates and varieties on soybean performance in Vidarbha region of Maharashtra, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 544-550
Author(s):  
Anil Nath ◽  
A. P. Karunakar ◽  
Arvind Kumar ◽  
R. K. Nagar
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Use Efficiency

oybean production is widely fluctuating in response to agro-environmental conditions year to year in Vidarbha region. Weather variations are the major determinants of soybean growth and yield. It is also important to study the response of suitable soybean varieties to varying weather parameters. So a field investigation was carried out to study the crop weather relationship of soybean and to optimize the sowing date with different soybean varie-ties. The results revealed that soybean crop sown up to 27th MW accumulated higher growing degree days (1640.5 0C day), photothermal units (20498.1 0C day hour) and recorded significantly higher seed yield (839 kg ha-1) and biological yield (2773 kg ha-1) with maximum heat use efficiency (0.51 kg ha-1°C day-1) and water productivity (2.49 kg ha-mm-1). Later sowings i.e. 30th MW sowing caused decreased amount of rainfall and increased maximum temperature regime across the total growing period with consequently lower seed yield (530 kg ha-1), GDD (1539.2 0C day), PTU (18689.9 0C day hour), heat use efficiency (0.34kg ha-1 °Cday-1) and water productivity (2.05kg ha-mm-1). Soybean variety TAMS 98-21 recorded significantly higher seed yield (734 kg ha-1) and highest biological yield (2649 kg ha-1) with maximum heat use efficiency (0.44 kg ha-1 °C day-1), GDD (1650.5 0C day ) and water productivity (2.41 kg ha-mm-1). Thus, the results of this study illustrated the importance of early sowing with suitable variety of soybean and indicates that sowing upto 27th MW with variety TAMS 98-21 is optimum for maximizing the yield in the Akola region of Vidarbha.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Time of Application Impact on Productivity, Water Use Efficiency and Agronomic Efficiency of Maize in a Semi-arid Environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
S. Lamptey ◽  
Lingling Li ◽  
Junhong Xie
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Use Efficiency

Water is one of the most important limiting factor of rainfed continuous maize (Zea mays L.) cropping systems in northwest of China. A three continuous year field experiments were conducted to study the influence of different nitrogen time of application on grain yield and water use efficiency of maize (Zea mays L.) in the Western Loess plateau. The experiment was laid in a randomized complete block design with two treatments and three replicates. Treatments were; (one-third application of N at sowing + two-third application at pre-flowering) and (one-third application of N at sowing + one-third pre-flowering + one-third at milking) as T1 and T2 respectively. The results showed that, T1 significantly increased grain yield by 9% in 2014 and 2016; and WUE by 11% in 2016 compared to T2. T1 increased AE by 43% compared to T2. Our results indicate that ⅓ application of Nitrogen at sowing and ⅔ application of Nitrogen at pre–flowering (T1) for maize is more appropriate for sustainable maize production in terms of satisfactory grain-N recoveries and low environmental losses of N fertilizer.

scholarly journals Physiological response, molecular analysis and water use efficiency of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids grown under various irrigation regimes

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (29) ◽  
pp. 2966-2976
Author(s):  
Adamu Chigign ◽  
Kumar B. N. Aravinda ◽  
S. Rajkumara ◽  
B. R. Patil ◽  
H. Y. Patil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Energy and Economic Budgeting of Pigeonpea Genotypes (Cajanus cajan L.) at Various Sowing Dates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dasharath Prasad ◽  
Vijay Prakash ◽  
S.K. Bairwa ◽  
P.S. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Energy Productivity ◽  
Energy Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency

Background: Early duration pigeonpea genotypes a boon as the crop needs a very little amount of inputs, survives well even under available water conditions because of its Bio-tillage in nature. There are many causes of low productivity of pigeonpea, using long duration genotypes, using convention varieties, non monitored input like sowing date and management practice and short duration genotypes play a very important role in productivity as well as production in Rajasthan. Methods: A two-year field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Sriganganagar Rajasthan, during the Kharif season of the year 2018 and 2019. The experiment is laidout with a split plot design with thrice replication, in the main plot four dates of sowing allotted viz: D1: 25th May, D2: 10th June, D3: 25th June and D4: 10th July and in subplot five genotypes allotted viz: V1: UPAS-120, V2: ASJ-105, V3: Pant- 291, V4: PUSA- 992, V5: ICPL- 88039. Result: Field experiments resulted, the Sowing date D2: 10th June (1451 kg ha-1), is best suitable as compared to others in terms of yields, its attributes and B:C ratio both the years. In the short duration varieties V4: PUSA-992 (1586 kg ha-1) superior to others. In respect of different sowings dates the energy budgeting viz: energy use efficiency varies from D1: 25th May (9.80) and (5.99) to D4: 10th July (8.14) and (4.95), energy productivity (kg MJ-1) varies from D1: 25th May (0.164) and (0.104) to D4: 10th July (0.126) and (0.078) in both the years. In respective of genotypes the higher energy use efficiency found in V4: PUSA-992 (10.34), (6.56), energy productivity in V4: PUSA-992 (0.171 kg MJ-1), (0.111 kg MJ-1) which was superior with others in all aspect in both the years respectively.

scholarly journals Potassium Supplying Capacity of Diverse Soils and K-Use Efficiency of Maize in South Asia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saiful Islam ◽  
Jagadish Timsina ◽  
Muhammad Salim ◽  
Kaushik Majumdar ◽  
Mahesh K Gathala
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
North East ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Use Efficiency

Increased nutrient withdrawal by rapidly expanding intensive cropping systems, in combination with imbalanced fertilization, is leading to potassium (K) depletion from agricultural soils in Asia. There is an urgent need to better understand the soil K-supplying capacity and K-use efficiency of crops to address this issue. Maize is increasingly being grown in rice-based systems in South Asia, particularly in Bangladesh and North East India. The high nutrient extraction, especially K, however, causes concerns for the sustainability of maize production systems in the region. The present study was designed to estimate, through a plant-based method, the magnitude, and variation in K-supplying capacity of a range of soils from the maize-growing areas and the K-use efficiency of maize in Bangladesh. Eighteen diverse soils were collected from several upazillas (or sub-districts) under 11 agro-ecological zones to examine their K-supplying capacity from the soil reserves and from K fertilization (@ 100 mg K kg-1 soil) for successive seven maize crops grown up to V10-V12 in pots inside a net house. A validation field experiment was conducted with five levels of K (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha-1) and two fertilizer recommendations based on “Nutrient Expert for Maize-NEM” and “Maize Crop Manager-MCM” decision support tools (DSSs) in 12 farmers’ fields in Rangpur, Rajshahi and Comilla districts in Bangladesh. Grain yield and yield attributes of maize responded significantly (P < 0.001) to K fertilizer, with grain yield increase from 18 to 79% over control in all locations. Total K uptake by plants not receiving K fertilizer, considered as potential K-supplying capacity of the soil in the pot experiment, followed the order: Modhukhali >Mithapukur >Rangpur Sadar >Dinajpur Sadar >Jhinaidah Sadar >Gangachara >Binerpota >Tarash >Gopalpur >Daudkandi >Paba >Modhupur >Nawabganj Sadar >Shibganj >Birganj >Godagari >Barura >Durgapur. Likewise in the validation field experiment, the K-supplying capacity of soils was 83.5, 60.5 and 57.2 kg ha-1 in Rangpur, Rajshahi, and Comilla, respectively. Further, the order of K-supplying capacity for three sites was similar to the results from pot study confirming the applicability of results to other soils and maize-growing areas in Bangladesh and similar soils and areas across South Asia. Based on the results from pot and field experiments, we conclude that the site-specific K management using the fertilizer DSSs can be the better and more efficient K management strategy for maize.

scholarly journals Potassium Supplying Capacity of Diverse Soils and K-Use Efficiency of Maize in South Asia

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saiful Islam ◽  
Jagadish Timsina ◽  
Muhammad Salim ◽  
Kaushik Majumdar ◽  
Mahesh Gathala
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
North East ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Use Efficiency

Increased nutrient withdrawal by rapidly expanding intensive cropping systems, in combination with imbalanced fertilization, is leading to potassium (K) depletion from agricultural soils in Asia. There is an urgent need to better understand the soil K-supplying capacity and K-use efficiency of crops to address this issue. Maize is increasingly being grown in rice-based systems in South Asia, particularly in Bangladesh and North East India. The high nutrient extraction, especially K, however, causes concerns for the sustainability of maize production systems in the region. The present study was designed to estimate, through a plant-based method, the magnitude, and variation in K-supplying capacity of a range of soils from the maize-growing areas and the K-use efficiency of maize in Bangladesh. Eighteen diverse soils were collected from several upazillas (or sub-districts) under 11 agro-ecological zones to examine their K-supplying capacity from the soil reserves and from K fertilization (100 mg K kg−1 soil) for successive seven maize crops grown up to V10–V12 in pots inside a net house. A validation field experiment was conducted with five levels of K (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha−1) and two fertilizer recommendations based on “Nutrient Expert for Maize-NEM” and “Maize Crop Manager-MCM” decision support tools (DSSs) in 12 farmers’ fields in Rangpur, Rajshahi and Comilla districts in Bangladesh. Grain yield and yield attributes of maize responded significantly (p < 0.001) to K fertilizer, with grain yield increase from 18 to 79% over control in all locations. Total K uptake by plants not receiving K fertilizer, considered as potential K-supplying capacity of the soil in the pot experiment, followed the order: Modhukhali > Mithapukur > Rangpur Sadar > Dinajpur Sadar > Jhinaidah Sadar > Gangachara > Binerpota > Tarash > Gopalpur > Daudkandi > Paba > Modhupur > Nawabganj Sadar > Shibganj > Birganj > Godagari > Barura > Durgapur. Likewise, in the validation field experiment, the K-supplying capacity of soils was 83.5, 60.5 and 57.2 kg ha−1 in Rangpur, Rajshahi, and Comilla, respectively. Further, the order of K-supplying capacity for three sites was similar to the results from pot study confirming the applicability of results to other soils and maize-growing areas in Bangladesh and similar soils and areas across South Asia. Based on the results from pot and field experiments, we conclude that the site-specific K management using the fertilizer DSSs can be the better and more efficient K management strategy for maize.

scholarly journals Hay Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Alfalfa under Different Irrigation and Fungicide Regimes in a Semiarid Climate

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1721
Author(s):  
Koffi Djaman ◽  
Daniel Smeal ◽  
Komlan Koudahe ◽  
Samuel Allen
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
The United States ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Irrigation Amount ◽  
Fungicide Application ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Use Efficiency

Alfalfa is one of the most nutritive and high-yielding forage legumes planted in rotation with cereal crops across the United States. Under semiarid and arid climates with limited water resources, sustainable management of the available resources is required. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different irrigation regimes and fungicide applications on alfalfa in the high desert region of the Colorado Plateau of the U.S. Field experiments were conducted during the 2012–2014 period. Alfalfa was planted in fall 2012, uniformly irrigated for crop establishment and subjected to seven different irrigation regimes after the first cut in spring 2013. Alfalfa was treated by fungicide application and was harvested at 10% blooming. The maximum amounts of applied water were 350, 300, 208, and 312 mm, respectively, during the first, second, third, and fourth regrowth cycles in 2013, and 373, 282, 198, and 246 mm in 2014 for the respective regrowth cycles in 2014; the seasonal applied irrigation amount varied from 711 to 1171 mm in 2013 and from 328 to 1100 mm in 2014. The results showed non-significant effect of fungicide application on the forage yield. Alfalfa forage yield was significantly affected by the irrigation regimes and showed a third order polynomial relationship with the applied irrigation amounts during each regrowth cycle and on seasonal scale. Forage yield decreased from the first cut to the fourth cut and the annual forage varied from 10.6 to 25.7 Mg/ha for the treated alfalfa and from 11.5 to 25.6 Mg/ha for the non-treated alfalfa. Forage yield at each cut accounted for 39.6, 24.2, 17.6, and 18.6% of the 2013 season forage yield and 31.4, 23.8, 21.6, and 23.2% of the 2014 season forage yield, for the first, second, third, and fourth cut, respectively. Alfalfa water use efficiency varied from 0.06 to 3.3 kg/m3. The relationships developed in this study could be used by forage growers, crop consultants, and project managers for decision making and planning to improve the productivity of water under the semiarid and arid climate of New Mexico and the surrounding regions.

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