scholarly journals Economic Security in Post-Soviet Countries: Level of Ensuring and Development Trends

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-101
Author(s):  
Ganna Kozachenko ◽  
◽  
Igor Andrushchenko ◽  
Yuriy Pogorelov ◽  
Larysa Gerasymenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
National Level ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Weighted Arithmetic ◽  
Low Levels

At the national level of economic security studies, a special place has alway s b e lon ged t o t he estimating side of the issue. Estimations of state economic security serve as input data for the determinat ion of directions and ways of further security provision. At the same time, such estimations should be considered not only as a result of a certain methodology application in a certain co un try b ut a lso i n t h e c o nte xt o f comparing the economic security estimations across a set of countries. The aim of the article is to determin e the level of ensuring economic security in post-Soviet countries and recognize patterns, ri sk s, a n d t h rea ts that affect the future development of state economic security. For comparative analysis of economic security, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Georgia, and period 2016-2020 have been selected. The methodological basis of the study included the followingmethods: comparative economic studies, methods of summation, arithmetic mean, weighted arithmetic, geometric mean, rating; international index systems we re used as a basis for comparative analysis. Using the suggested methodology of estimation allowed obta ini ng results that characterize level real economic security, is lower than average. None of the analyzed countri es has managed to maintain an acceptable level of economic security. The determined levels allow u s t o st a te that the economic systems of the analyzed post-Soviet countries demonstrat e h i gh p erc ep ti ve ne ss t o t h e actualization of various threats. And this perceptiveness, in its turn, leads to various negative changes in t h e economic systems of these countries. The high perceptiveness of the economic systems in the analyze d p o st-Soviet countries to the actualization of various threats can be explained by the c h an gin g q u ali ty o f t he ir economic potential, low levels of their innovativeness, and also the lack of proper condi ti ons t o a p ply t h e innovations

scholarly journals Multiattribute Decision-Making Problems in terms of the Weighted Mean Operation of Two Aggregation Operators of Orthopair Z-Numbers

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Mailing Zhao ◽  
Jun Ye
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Aggregation Operators ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Reliability Measure ◽  
Reliability Level ◽  
Weighted Arithmetic

The Z number defined by Zadeh can depict the fuzzy restriction/value and reliability measure by an ordered pair of fuzzy values to strengthen the reliability of the fuzzy restriction/value. However, there exist truth and falsehood Z-numbers in real life. Thus, the Z number cannot reflect both. To indicate both, this study presents an orthopair Z-number (OZN) set to depict truth and falsehood values (intuitionistic fuzzy values) and their reliability levels in uncertain and incomplete cases. Next, we define the operations, score and accuracy functions, and sorting rules of OZNs. Further, the OZN weighted arithmetic mean (OZNWAM) and OZN weighted geometric mean (OZNWGM) operators are proposed based on the operations of OZNs. According to the weighted mean operation of the OZNWAM and OZNWGM operators, a multiattribute decision-making (MADM) model is established in the case of OZNs. Lastly, a numerical example is presented to reflect the flexibility and rationality of the presented MADM model. Comparative analysis indicates that the presented MADM model can indicate its superiority in the reliability and flexibility of decision results. Meanwhile, the resulting advantage of this study is that the presented MADM model can strengthen the reliability level of orthopair fuzzy values and make the decision results more reliable and flexible.

scholarly journals The Weighted Arithmetic Mean–Geometric Mean Inequality is Equivalent to the Hölder Inequality

Symmetry ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongtao Li ◽  
Xian-Ming Gu ◽  
Jianxing Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Hölder Inequality ◽  
Power Mean ◽  
Weighted Arithmetic ◽  
Mathematical Equivalence ◽  
Power Mean Inequality ◽  
Mathematical Relations

In the current note, we investigate the mathematical relations among the weighted arithmetic mean–geometric mean (AM–GM) inequality, the Hölder inequality and the weighted power-mean inequality. Meanwhile, the proofs of mathematical equivalence among the weighted AM–GM inequality, the weighted power-mean inequality and the Hölder inequality are fully achieved. The new results are more generalized than those of previous studies.

Geospatial Suitability Indices Toolbox (GSI Toolbox)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Saltus ◽  
Todd Swannack ◽  
S. McKay
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Suitability ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Weighted Arithmetic ◽  
Suitability Index ◽  
Multiple Parameter ◽  
Spatially Distributed

Habitat suitability models are widely adopted in ecosystem management and restoration, where these index models are used to assess environmental impacts and benefits based on the quantity and quality of a given habitat. Many spatially distributed ecological processes require application of suitability models within a geographic information system (GIS). Here, we present a geospatial toolbox for assessing habitat suitability. The Geospatial Suitability Indices (GSI) toolbox was developed in ArcGIS Pro 2.7 using the Python® 3.7 programming language and is available for use on the local desktop in the Windows 10 environment. Two main tools comprise the GSI toolbox. First, the Suitability Index Calculator tool uses thematic or continuous geospatial raster layers to calculate parameter suitability indices based on user-specified habitat relationships. Second, the Overall Suitability Index Calculator combines multiple parameter suitability indices into one overarching index using one or more options, including: arithmetic mean, weighted arithmetic mean, geometric mean, and minimum limiting factor. The resultant output is a raster layer representing habitat suitability values from 0.0 to 1.0, where zero is unsuitable habitat and one is ideal suitability. This report documents the model purpose and development as well as provides a user’s guide for the GSI toolbox.

scholarly journals Comparison of different ways of computing grades in continuous assessment into the final grade

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Juan A. Marin-Garcia ◽  
Julien Maheut ◽  
Julio J. Garcia Sabater
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Harmonic Mean ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Continuous Assessment ◽  
Final Grade ◽  
Weighted Arithmetic ◽  
Student’S Performance ◽  
The Subject

<p>We present the results of comparing various ways of calculating students' final grades from continuous assessment grades. Traditionally the weighted arithmetic mean has been used and we compare this method with other alternatives: arithmetic mean, geometric mean, harmonic mean and multiplication of the percentage of overcoming of each activi-ty. Our objective is to verify, if any of the alternative methods, agree with the student’s performance proposed by the teacher of the subject, further discriminating the grade be-tween high and low learning outcomes and reducing the number of approved opportunists.</p><p> </p><p>[Comparación del efecto de diferentes modos de agregar las califica-ciones de evaluación continua en la nota final]</p>

scholarly journals Teaching Business Statistics: Some Useful Relationships

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Philip F. Rice ◽  
Chris Brune
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Joint Probability ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Simple Arithmetic ◽  
Weighted Arithmetic ◽  
Multiplication Rule ◽  
Business Statistics ◽  
Statistics Course ◽  
Compound Interest ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this paper is to suggest an instructional approach in the introductory business statistics course that utilizes relationships between separately introduced topics. The paper will explore three &ldquo;useful relationships&rdquo; that can assist classroom instruction: (1) the relationship between the simple arithmetic mean, the weighted arithmetic mean, and the expected value of a discrete probability distribution; (2) the relationship between the use of the multiplication rule to calculate the joint probability associated with two events, use of tree diagrams, and the use of the binomial and hypergeometric distributions; and (3) the relationship between the geometric mean and the compound interest rate. Each discussion includes detailed examples of calculations to demonstrate the relationships.

scholarly journals Measurement and Mapping of Maternal Health Service Coverage Through a Novel Composite Index: A Sub-National Level Analysis in India

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanvi Kiran ◽  
KP Junaid ◽  
Vineeth Rajagopal ◽  
Madhu Gupta ◽  
Divya Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Health ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
National Level ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Maternal Health Service ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Service Coverage

Abstract Background: Expansion of maternal health service coverage is crucial for the survival and wellbeing of both mother and child. To date, limited literature exists on the measurement of maternal health service coverage at the sub-national level in India. The prime objectives of the study were to comprehensively measure the maternal health service coverage by generating a composite index; map India by categorizing it into low, medium and high zones and examine its incremental changes over time. Methods: Utilising a nationally representative time series data of 15 key indicators spread across three domains of antenatal care, intranatal care and postnatal care, we constructed a novel ‘Maternal Health Service Coverage Index’ (MHSI) for 29 states and 5 union territories of India for the base (2017-18) and reference (2019-20) years. Following a rigorous procedure, MHSI scores were generated using both arithmetic mean and geometric mean approach. We categorized India into low, medium and high maternal health coverage zones and further generated geospatial maps to examine the extent and transition of maternal health service coverage from base to reference year.Results: India registered the highest mean percentage coverage (93.66%) for ‘institutional delivery’ and lowest for ‘treatment for obstetric complications’ (9.25%) among all the indicators. Depending on the usage of arithmetic mean and geometric mean approach, the maternal health service coverage index score for India exhibited marginal incremental change (between 0.015- 0.02 index points) in the reference year. West zone exhibited an upward transition in the coverage of maternal health service indicators, while none of the zones recorded a downward movement. States of Mizoram (east zone), Puducherry (south zone) showed a downward transition. Union territories of Dadra & Nagar Haveli (west zone) and Chandigarh (north zone) along with the states of Maharashtra (west zone), Assam, as well as Jharkhand (both from the east & north east zone), showed upward transition.Conclusion: Overall, maternal health service coverage is increasing across India. Our study offers a novel summary measure to comprehensively quantify the coverage of maternal health service, which can momentously help India to identify lagged indicators and low performing regions, thereby warranting the targeted interventions and concentrated programmatic efforts to bolster the maternal health service coverage at the sub-national level.

scholarly journals Refined Young Inequality and Its Application to Divergences

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 514
Author(s):  
Shigeru Furuichi ◽  
Nicuşor Minculete
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Young Inequality ◽  
Rényi Divergence ◽  
Weighted Arithmetic ◽  
The Difference

We give bounds on the difference between the weighted arithmetic mean and the weighted geometric mean. These imply refined Young inequalities and the reverses of the Young inequality. We also studied some properties on the difference between the weighted arithmetic mean and the weighted geometric mean. Applying the newly obtained inequalities, we show some results on the Tsallis divergence, the Rényi divergence, the Jeffreys–Tsallis divergence and the Jensen–Shannon–Tsallis divergence.

scholarly journals Modern Determinants of Economic Security Management of States in Conditions of Globalization and Stability Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 5641-5652
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Influence ◽  
National Level ◽  
Security Management ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic

The scientific novelty of the article is a developed methodology of the world countries' classification regarding the quality of economic security management and the possibility to develop an exclusive set of actions directed towards optimization of such management. It has been proved using an example of Ukraine. The research methodology is based on systematic and historical approaches to the disclosure and resolution of the issues of economic security management in economically developed countries of Europe and European countries that develop their own economic systems, taking into account the processes of globalization and ensuring their sustainable development. In this case, the historical approach is based on the study undertaken during a certain period of time (2012-2018), and the systematic approach is aimed at the assumption of connection and mutual influence of economic security of different European countries, which operates as a single system. To conduct the research data and empiric analysis of seventeen countries of Western (Germany, France, Great Britain, Spain, Italy), Eastern (the Russian Federation, Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia), and Central Europe (the Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Romania, and Ukraine) in 2016 – 2018 have been taken and analyzed. Policy considerations: -economic security is the main element of the countries’ national security provision under globalization and their stable development; - the required level of economic security can be reached only within management based on a set of key determinants; - economic security management varies significantly in different world countries in conditions of their operation as parts of the world economic system; - some world countries, which are developing their own economic systems, for example Ukraine, have special problems in economic security management at the national level; and they need development and implementation of exclusive optimization sets of such state institutes’ management activities.

On Statistics of Log-Ratio of Arithmetic Mean to Geometric Mean for Nakagami-m Fading Power

2012 ◽  
Vol E95-B (2) ◽  
pp. 647-650
Author(s):  
Ning WANG ◽  
Julian CHENG ◽  
Chintha TELLAMBURA
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Log Ratio
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