scholarly journals A Comparative Study for Methodologies and Algorithms Used In Colon Cancer Diagnoses and Detection

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-128
Author(s):  
Mona Nasr ◽  
◽  
Laila Abdelhamid ◽  
Naglaa Shehata ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
The Body ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Cancer Disease

Colon cancer is also referred to as colorectal cancer, a kind of cancer that starts with colon damage to the large intestine in the last section of the digestive tract. Elderly people typically suffer from colon cancer, but this may occur at any age.It normally starts as little, noncancerous (benign) mass of cells named polyps that structure within the colon. After a period of time these polyps can turn into advanced malignant tumors that attack the human body and some of these polyps can become colon cancers. So far, no concrete causes have been identified and the complete cancer treatment is very difficult to be detected by doctors in the medical field. Colon cancer often has no symptoms in early stage so detecting it at this stage is curable but colorectal cancer diagnosis in the final stages (stage IV), gives it the opportunity to spread to different pieces of the body, difficult to treat successfully, and the person's chances of survival are much lower. False diagnosis of colorectal cancer which mean wrong treatment for patients with long-term infections and they are suffering from colon cancer this causing the death for these patients. Also, the cancer treatment needs more time and a lot of money. This paper provides a comparative study for methodologies and algorithms used in colon cancer diagnoses and detection this can help for proposing a prediction for risk levels of colon cancer disease using CNN algorithm of the deep learning (Convolutional Neural Networks Algorithm).

Change in skeletal muscle index and its prognostic significance in conversion therapy for initially unresectable colorectal cancer.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 56-56
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Nozawa ◽  
Shigenobu Emoto ◽  
Koji Murono ◽  
Yasutaka Shuno ◽  
Soichiro Ishihara
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Systemic Chemotherapy ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Conversion Therapy ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index

56 Background: Systemic chemotherapy can cause loss of skeletal muscle mass in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients in the neoadjuvant and palliative settings. However, it is largely unknown how the body composition is changed by chemotherapy rendering unresectable CRC to resectable disease or how it affects the prognosis. This study aimed at elucidating the effects of systemic chemotherapy on skeletal muscles and survival in stage IV CRC patients who underwent conversion therapy. Methods: We reviewed 98 stage IV CRC patients who received systemic chemotherapy in our hospital. According to the treatment setting, patients were divided into the ‘Conversion’, ‘Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC)’, and ‘Palliation’ groups. The cross-sectional area of skeletal muscles at the third lumbar level and changes in the skeletal muscle index (SMI), defined as the area divided by height squared, during chemotherapy were compared among patient groups. The effects of these parameters on prognosis were analyzed in the Conversion group. Results: The mean SMI increased by 8.0% during chemotherapy in the Conversion group (n = 38), whereas it decreased by 6.2% in the NAC group (n = 18) and 3.7% in the Palliation group (n = 42, p < 0.0001). Moreover, patients with increased SMI during chemotherapy had a better overall survival (OS) than those whose SMI decreased in the Conversion group (p = 0.021). The increase in SMI was an independent predictor of favorable OS on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio: 0.26). Conclusions: Stage IV CRC patients who underwent conversion to resection often had an increased SMI. As such an increase in SMI further conveys a survival benefit in conversion therapy, it may be important to make efforts to preserve muscle mass by meticulous approaches, such as nutritional support, muscle exercise programs, and pharmacological intervention even during chemotherapy in patients with metastatic CRC.

scholarly journals High expression of Wnt7a protein predicts a poor survival in patients with colorectal carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Congcong Li ◽  
Peilin Cui ◽  
Xiaowei Dou ◽  
Hongli Li ◽  
Jiahuan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Integration Site ◽  
Normal Mucosa ◽  
Lymph Node Involvement ◽  
Colorectal Adenomas ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Colorectal Mucosa ◽  
Staining Score

Abstract Background: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in China, and the number of new cases and the number of cases of deaths has increased annually. However, its pathogenesis is still unclear. Wnt7a is a member of the wingless-type MMTV integration site family, and it plays an important role in tumorigenesis and development by controlling cell proliferation and differentiation as a secreted glycoprotein. Whether Wnt7a has the properties of an oncogene or not is an important focus for future research as this target has diverse roles in different tumors.Methods: Wnt7a protein expression in normal colorectal mucosa and colorectal tumors was detected via immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to explore the associations between Wnt7a staining score and various clinical parameters.Results: Wnt7a was strongly expressed in colorectal cancer tissues but weakly expressed in adjacent normal mucosa and colorectal adenomas. The level of Wnt7a expression was correlated with lymph node involvement (P < 0.001), Duke stage (P < 0.001), and cell differentiation (P < 0.001). Knockdown of Wnt7a inhibits proliferation of colon cancer cells and inhibits the ability of both colon cancer cell lines to migrate.Conclusions: Collectively, our results present evidence that Wnt7a is associated with an unfavorable prognosis of colorectal cancer.

scholarly journals Change in skeletal muscle index and its prognostic significance in patients who underwent successful conversion therapy for initially unresectable colorectal cancer: observational study

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 175628482097119
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Nozawa ◽  
Shigenobu Emoto ◽  
Koji Murono ◽  
Yasutaka Shuno ◽  
Kazushige Kawai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Systemic Therapy ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
The Body ◽  
Conversion Therapy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index

Background: Systemic therapy can cause loss of skeletal muscle mass in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients in the neoadjuvant and palliative settings. However, it is unknown how the body composition is changed by chemotherapy rendering unresectable CRC to resectable disease or how it affects the prognosis. This study aimed at elucidating the effects of systemic therapy on skeletal muscles and survival in stage IV CRC patients who underwent conversion therapy. Methods: We reviewed 98 stage IV CRC patients who received systemic therapy in our hospital. According to the treatment setting, patients were divided into the conversion, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), and palliation groups. The cross-sectional area of skeletal muscles at the third lumbar level and changes in the skeletal muscle index (SMI), defined as the area divided by height squared, during systemic therapy were compared among patient groups. The effects of these parameters on prognosis were analyzed in the conversion group. Results: The mean SMI increased by 9.4% during systemic therapy in the conversion group ( n = 38), whereas it decreased by 5.9% in the NAC group ( n = 18) and 3.7% in the palliation group ( n = 42, p < 0.0001). Moreover, patients with increased SMI during systemic therapy had a better overall survival (OS) than those whose SMI decreased in the conversion group ( p = 0.025). The increase in SMI was an independent predictor of favorable OS on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio 0.25). Conclusions: Stage IV CRC patients who underwent conversion to resection often had an increased SMI. On the other hand, a decrease in the SMI during systemic therapy was a negative prognostic factor in such patients.

Weekly Fluorouracil and Leucovorin as Adjuvant Therapy for Early Stage Colon Cancer or Primary Therapy for Advanced Colorectal Cancer

2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-249
Author(s):  
J. Aubrey Waddell ◽  
Dominic A. Solimando
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Cancer Chemotherapy ◽  
Advanced Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Primary Therapy ◽  
Toxic Agents ◽  
Early Stage Colon Cancer

The increasing complexity of cancer chemotherapy makes it mandatory that pharmacists be familiar with these highly toxic agents. This column reviews various issues related to the preparation, dispensing, and administration of cancer chemotherapy, both commercially available and investigational.

Effects of metformin and sulfonylureas on overall and colorectal cancer-specific mortality.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2599-2599
Author(s):  
Susan Spillane ◽  
Kathleen Bennett ◽  
Linda Sharp ◽  
Thomas Ian Barron
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Early Stage Disease ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality

2599 Background: Preclinical studies have suggested a role for metformin in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). Associations between metformin versus sulfonylurea exposure and mortality (all-cause and colorectal cancer specific) are assessed in this population-based study of patients with a diagnosis of stage I-IV CRC. Methods: National Cancer Registry Ireland records were linked to prescription claims data and used to identify a cohort of patients with incident TNM stage I-IV CRC diagnosed 2001-2006. From this cohort, 2 patient groups were identified and compared for outcomes - those who received a prescription for metformin +/- a sulfonylurea (MET) or a prescription for sulfonylurea alone (SUL) in the 90 days pre CRC diagnosis. Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, stage, grade, site, comorbidities, year of diagnosis, and insulin, aspirin or statin exposure. Analyses were repeated stratifying by stage and site. Results: 5,617 patients with stage I-IV CRC were identified, of whom 369 received a prescription for metformin or a sulfonylurea in the 90 days pre diagnosis (median follow-up 1.6 years; MET: n=257; SUL: n=112). In adjusted analyses metformin exposure was associated with a 28% lower risk of all-cause mortality relative to sulfonylurea exposure (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.53-0.98) and a non-significant 24% reduction in CRC-specific mortality (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.52-1.13). In analyses stratified by site, in colon cancer, metformin exposure was associated with a significant one-third reduction in all-cause mortality (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.46-0.95) and a non-significant reduction in site-specific mortality (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.40-1.02). No mortality benefit was observed for rectal cancer. The association between metformin exposure and reduced mortality was strongest for stage I/II disease (all-cause mortality: HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.32-0.98; CRC-specific mortality: HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.21-1.11). Conclusions: Pre-diagnosis metformin exposure in CRC patients was associated with a significant reduction in mortality relative to sulfonylurea exposure. This benefit was greatest in patients with colon cancer and early stage disease.

Treatment monitoring of metastatic colorectal cancer by quantification and genotyping of mutated KRAS in circulating cell-free DNA.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15037-e15037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Seufferlein ◽  
Daniel Schwerdel ◽  
Hanna Welz ◽  
Ralf Marienfeld ◽  
Stefan A. Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Mutational Analysis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Therapy Monitoring ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Disease Monitoring ◽  
Liquid Biopsies ◽  
Kras Mutations ◽  
Non Invasive

e15037 Background: Treatment of stage IV colorectal cancer (mCRC) has made substantial progress over the last years but therapy monitoring still is in its early stage. A facile, non-invasive, repeatable assessment of the mutational state of a given tumor even during treatment could constitute a desirable biomarker for therapy stratification and disease monitoring. "Liquid biopsies" analyzing circulating free and circulating tumor DNA (cfDNA/ctDNA) from patients’ blood have been proposed as a a simple, non-invasive method that could fulfil this requirement. Methods: 27 patients with histologically confirmed mCRC were enrolled into a treatment surveillance cohort. For the analysis of concordance between tumor tissue DNA and cfDNA we analyzed 40 tissue and blood pairs from therapy naïve patients regarding their KRAS mutation status. The course of cfDNA values combined with targeted genotyping of KRAS mutations were assessed during several palliative chemotherapeutic regimens. cfDNA data were correlated with clinical parameters to establish its prognostic and predictive value. Results: Baseline cfDNA levels allow to significantly differentiate mCRC from healthy controls (14.23 ± 6.33 ng/ml vs. 2.60 ± 1.59 ng/ml; p < 0.0001). cfDNA values at baseline in therapy naïve patients correlate well with tumor burden (p < 0.05) and CEA levels (p < 0.05). cfDNA values significantly increased upon disease progression during 1st (p < 0.01) and 2nd line (p < 0.05) treatment, enabling a non-invasive disease monitoring approach. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between the cfDNA levels upon treatment and progression-free survival (p < 0.05). In addition, our data show that KRAS genotyping of cfDNA under therapy is feasible (80% blood-tissue concordance) and might benefit the patient due to early detection of therapy resistance. Conclusions: Repetitive quantitative and mutational analysis of cfDNA is likely to complement current diagnostic standards in stage IV CRC over the whole continuum of treatment.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Prevention and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer and Cancerous Toxin Pathogenesis Theory Basing on Gut Microbiota

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Tianqing Sang ◽  
Wenli Qiu ◽  
Wenting Li ◽  
Hongli Zhou ◽  
Haibin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Herbal Compound ◽  
Chinese Herbal Compound ◽  
The Relationship

Gut microbiota is a diverse consortium of bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses in the gut of all mammals. Gut microbiota remains in steady state under normal conditions. Changes in the internal and external environment may cause gut Microbiota to be out of tune. Malignant tumors are one of the major diseases currently endangering human health. CRC (colorectal cancer) has a significant upward trend in morbidity and mortality in many parts of the world. Technological advances have not yet brought about a breakthrough in the efficacy of CRC. The development of colon cancer is closely related to gut microbiota imbalance. According to more than 60 years of clinical practice, Professor Zhongying Zhou first proposed the pathogenesis theory of “cancerous toxin” in the 1990s and believed that cancerous toxin was a key pathogenesis of tumor development. Under the guidance of the theory of cancerous toxin, combined with clinical practice, Professor Zhou created an effective anticancer Chinese herbal compound, Jiedu Xiaoai Prescription. This paper summarizes recent hotspots related to gut microbiota and the occurrence, development, and prevention of colon cancer at home and abroad. The relationship between gut microbiota and cancerous toxin theory is proposed, and the feasibility of further studying the biological basis of cancerous toxin pathogenesis theory from the perspective of gut microbiota is pointed out.

Development of a new stool biomarker ELISA for the early detection of colorectal cancer.

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 390-390
Author(s):  
J. Luka ◽  
P. M. Arlen ◽  
J. A. Bristol
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Target Antigen ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Cancer Disease ◽  
Healthy Donors

390 Background: An ELISA was developed using NPC-1C, a novel antibody that reacts with an antigen expressed specifically by human colorectal and pancreatic tumor tissues and cell lines. The target antigen that NPC-1C recognizes was shown to be related to MUC5AC, a member of the mucin family of glycoproteins. NPC-1C reacts with neither normal tissues from healthy donors (rare, weak binding to normal colon and esophagus), nor cell lines derived from other tumor types, thereby providing the basis for a proof of concept comparative evaluation with stool from normal healthy donors. Methods: An ELISA that uses NPC-1C antibody as both capture and detection reagent was developed. Samples of stool collected during colonoscopy from colorectal cancer patients (n = 4), stool from people with small polyps (n = 4), stool from people with multiple polyps (n = 2), stool from people with large polyps (n = 3), and stool from healthy adults (n = 13) were applied to the ELISA. A soluble extract of stool was prepared by detergent lysis and centrifugation. The level of NPC-1C-specific MUC5AC antigen measured in this ELISA was compared among all groups. Results: Preliminary results demonstrated that healthy people did not express NPC-1C antigen in their stool. The signal in the assay was similar to background levels (average 723 units). In contrast, people with small polyps had higher levels (average 3,819 units); people with multiple polyps expressed higher levels (average 7,369 units); people with large polyps had even higher levels (average 10,189 units); and colon cancer patients had the highest levels (average 175,983 units), more than 240 times the level of MUC5AC-related antigen compared with healthy people. Conclusions: The proof of concept has been established to correlate the level of NPC-1C reactive antigen, measured by a novel stool-based ELISA, with colon cancer disease progression. The level of NPC-1C-specific MUC5AC detected increased concomitantly with the number and size of polyps observed during colonoscopy, and reached the highest levels in patients with colon cancer. Our goal is to apply this ELISA test for early noninvasive diagnostic screening for colorectal cancer, an area of still largely unmet need. [Table: see text]

Incidence of and risk factors for hospitalizations from chemotherapy among patients with stage III and stage IV colorectal cancer.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e16090-e16090
Author(s):  
April Falconi ◽  
Ezra Fishman ◽  
John Barron ◽  
Michael Eleff ◽  
Michael Jordan Fisch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Medical Needs ◽  
Stage Iv Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

e16090 Background: Despite the decreasing colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality rate over the past decade, complications from CRC treatment remain a challenge. Prior research has shown that a majority of patients with stage III CRC in the adjuvant setting experience hospitalizations due to chemotherapy-related toxicity. Minimal research, however, has examined risk factors of these events and the prevalence of hospitalization among stage IV CRC patients. Methods: We used claims data from a geographically-diverse private health insurer—including both commercially-insured and Medicare Advantage patients—to estimate and characterize risk factors of hospitalizations among Stage III or IV CRC patients. We compared sociodemographic, clinical, as well as provider characteristics and cancer treatment regimens between patients with and without hospitalizations from the initiation of chemotherapy to 60 days after the end of chemotherapy. Results: Incidence rates for hospitalization from chemotherapy were 49% and 70% for stage III and IV CRC patients, respectively. Although the oldest stage III CRC patients (age 75+) were the most likely to experience hospitalizations, the youngest age group (age 18-49) of stage IV patients experienced the highest incidence (74%) of hospitalizations (p < 0.05). Higher values of the Elixhauser comorbidity index was associated with a higher risk for hospitalizations among patients with stage III CRC (p < 0.001). Both stage III and stage IV patients with diabetes were more likely (p < 0.05) to have hospitalizations from chemotherapy (55% and 73%, respectively). Conclusions: Hospitalization from chemotherapy is very common among stage III and IV CRC patients. These data identify subgroups at higher risk. Study findings may inform choice of cancer treatment regimen and focus on key underlying medical needs

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