scholarly journals Phytoremediation of PAHs in Contaminated Soils: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Alkali Allamin ◽  
Mohd Yunus Shukor
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Carcinogenic Activity ◽  
Secondary Pollution ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Transport Loss ◽  
Land Disposal ◽  
Living Organisms

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are also part of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), are considered to be especially toxic to humans (carcinogenic), likewise to plants, microorganisms and other living organisms. PAHs soil contamination occurs by storage leaking, transport loss, the land disposal of petroleum waste, and accidental or intentional spills. Due to their ubiquitous occurrence, recalcitrance, bioaccumulation potential and carcinogenic activity, PAHs are a significant environmental concern. The methods of controlling and repairing PAH-contaminated soils mainly include physical remediation, chemical remediation and phytoremediation. However, there was an increasing focus on phytoremediation technologies as a result of their unique advantages, including low cost, lack of secondary pollution and large-area application. Phytoremediation is therefore one of the soil remediation technologies with the greatest potential.

scholarly journals Involvement of the Ligninolytic System of White-Rot and Litter-Decomposing Fungi in the Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia N. Pozdnyakova
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Ligninolytic Enzymes ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Submerged Cultivation ◽  
Carcinogenic Activity ◽  
Pah Degradation ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are natural and anthropogenic aromatic hydrocarbons with two or more fused benzene rings. Because of their ubiquitous occurrence, recalcitrance, bioaccumulation potential and carcinogenic activity, PAHs are a significant environmental concern. Ligninolytic fungi, such as Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Bjerkandera adusta, and Pleurotus ostreatus, have the capacity of PAH degradation. The enzymes involved in the degradation of PAHs are ligninolytic and include lignin peroxidase, versatile peroxidase, Mn-peroxidase, and laccase. This paper summarizes the data available on PAH degradation by fungi belonging to different ecophysiological groups (white-rot and litter-decomposing fungi) under submerged cultivation and during mycoremediation of PAH-contaminated soils. The role of the ligninolytic enzymes of these fungi in PAH degradation is discussed.

Type, Sources, Methods and Treatment of Organic Pollutants in Wastewater

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poslet Shumbula ◽  
Collet Maswanganyi ◽  
Ndivhuwo Shumbula
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Synthetic Organic Chemical ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Living Organisms

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), which are synthetic organic chemical compounds, either intentionally or unintentionally produced, have widely aroused public concern in recent years. These chemicals are toxic and major environmental concern due to their persistence, long range transportability, bioaccumulation and potentially adverse effects on living organisms. Uncontrolled inputs combined with poor environmental management often result in elevated levels of persistent organic pollutants in affected estuaries. Since the Stockholm Convention on POPs was adopted, different techniques have been extensively developed. A major focus revealed the need for low cost methods that can be implemented easily in developing countries such as electrochemical techniques. Persistent organic pollutants are known to be resistant to conventional treatment methods such as flocculation, coagulation, filtration and oxidant chemical treatment. However, various advanced wastewater treatment technologies such as, activated carbon adsorption, biodegradation using membrane bioreactor and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been applied in the treatment of POPs.

scholarly journals Bioremediation of PAH-Contaminated Soils: Process Enhancement through Composting/Compost

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahseen Sayara ◽  
Antoni Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Hydrophobic Chemical ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
The Stability

Bioremediation of contaminated soils has gained increasing interest in recent years as a low-cost and environmentally friendly technology to clean soils polluted with anthropogenic contaminants. However, some organic pollutants in soil have a low biodegradability or are not bioavailable, which hampers the use of bioremediation for their removal. This is the case of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which normally are stable and hydrophobic chemical structures. In this review, several approaches for the decontamination of PAH-polluted soil are presented and discussed in detail. The use of compost as biostimulation- and bioaugmentation-coupled technologies are described in detail, and some parameters, such as the stability of compost, deserve special attention to obtain better results. Composting as an ex situ technology, with the use of some specific products like surfactants, is also discussed. In summary, the use of compost and composting are promising technologies (in all the approaches presented) for the bioremediation of PAH-contaminated soils.

scholarly journals Remediation of cadmium by Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) from cadmium contaminated soil: a phytoextraction study

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeev Kumar Bhadkariya ◽  
VK Jain ◽  
GPS Chak ◽  
SK Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cadmium Metal ◽  
Living Organisms

Cadmium is a toxic metal for living organisms and an environmental contaminant. Soils in many parts of the world are slightly too moderately contaminated by Cd due to long term use and disposal of Cd-contaminated wastes. Cost effective technologies are needed to remove cadmium from the contaminated sites. Soil phytoextraction is engineering based, low cost and socially accepted developing technology that uses plants to clean up contaminants in soils. This technology can be adopted as a remediation of cadmium from Cd-contaminated soils with the help of Brassica juncea plant. The objective of this work was to evaluate the cadmium (Cd) accumulate and the tolerance of Brassica juncea. The Cd accumulates in all parts of plants (roots, stems and leaves). It was found that accumulating efficiency increased with the increase in the concentration of applied cadmium metal solution. Maximum accumulation of cadmium was found in roots than stem and leaves. Phytoextraction coefficient and translocation factor were highest to show the validity of the Brassica juncea species for hyperaccumulation of the Cd metal. These results suggested that Brassica juncea has a high ability to tolerate and accumulate Cd, so it might be a promising plant to be used for phytoextraction of Cd contaminated soil. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i2.10533 International Journal of the Environment Vol.3(2) 2014: 229-237

Water treatment plant residuals management

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 45-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Dharmappa ◽  
A. Hasia ◽  
P. Hagare
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Polymer Addition

Water treatment plants produce enormous amounts of sludge. Due to increased environmental concern, recently, there is considerable amount of pressure on the water authorities for the safe disposal of the sludge. Currently, the most acceptable form of disposal is sanitary landfilling, which requires sludge to be dewatered to 20-40% of solids. One of the most commonly used dewatering techniques is sand drying beds. This process is popular because of its reliability, ease of use and low cost. However, one of the basic concerns with this process is the requirement of a large area of land. This could be overcome by chemical conditioning of the sludge, which can accelerate the dewatering rate substantially. At this stage, however, there are no guidelines for the design of the sand drying beds for treating chemically conditioned sludges. This study is conducted to investigate the design and performance of sand drying beds for treating chemically conditioned water treatment plant (WTP) sludge. Experiments are conducted using laboratory scale sand drainage columns. The results indicate that the drainage rates, after adding polymer, increased by 9 times for clarifier sludge and 20-25 times for filter backwash sludge. Thus, the land area requirement for sand drainage bed can be drastically reduced through polymer addition. Optimal dose of polymer is found to be between 3 and 6 kg/t of dry solids, with dilute sludges requiring high dosages. The cake solids concentration increased from 3 to 12% as the polymer dose increased from 0 to 16 kg/t of dry solids. The variation of drainage rates and cake solids with solids/hydraulic loading rates are found to vary depending on the type of sludges and polymers. The filtrate quality is found to be independent of polymer dose and solids loading rates.

Progress in Bioremediation of Pyrene

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-155
Author(s):  
Jianghong Liu ◽  
Huimin Su ◽  
Xiaohang Wei ◽  
Jian Xue
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Environment And Public Health ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Benzene Rings ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Contaminated Waste

With the continuous exploitation of petroleum, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), a diverse class of the organic pollutants with carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and teratogenicity, seriously endanger the ecological environment and public health. Pyrene, consisting of four benzene rings, is used as an indicator for PAH-contaminated waste monitoring and is ubiquitously found in oil-contaminated soils and water sediments. Thus, the most urgent task is to find a repair method that can degrade pyrene efficiently now. Bioremediation is widely applied in the degradation of pyrene due to its simplicity of operation, low environmental impact and low cost. This paper is a review of the repair methods of pyrene, including physical, chemical and bioremediation methods. In addition, it focuses on the methods, status quo, mechanisms and current problems that need to be solved in the bioremediation degradation of pyrene.

Experimental Investigation on Shallow Solar Pond Using CuO Nano Particles

2018 ◽  
Vol 877 ◽  
pp. 409-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhandapani Sathish ◽  
R. Thirunavukkarasu ◽  
S. Jegadeeswaran ◽  
S. Periyasamy
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Solar Pond ◽  
Energy Needs

On the increase of energy needs and rising environmental concern forces the use of renewable and to search the alternative source of energy for the polluting fossil fuels. The best alternative energy is solar which is being emitted by the sun and is collected and is stored in various thermal storage medium. Solar pond is one of the best ways to collect solar energy in that shallow solar pond is one of its type. From the name it implies the pond depth is small so the solar pond can be fabricated in a simple manner with very low cost covering large area. Previous research they have used baffle plates to find out the thermal performance, but this research brings out using CuO nano particles and has been examined experimentally. The shallow solar pond is built with a surface area of 1.7m2 with a depth of 0.5m. The experiment has been carried out during the month of April of 2016 under the climatic conditions of pachapalayam [Latitude 10.950N, Longitude 76.890E]. It was examined for the six successive sunny days and its temperature of lower convective zone varies from 1.3°C to 9.2°C, with the maximum rise in temperature is obtained when adding 0.8% concentration of nano particles.

Computer simulation study about the dependence of amorphous silicon photonic waveguides efficiency on the material quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 30502
Author(s):  
Alessandro Fantoni ◽  
João Costa ◽  
Paulo Lourenço ◽  
Manuela Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Silicon ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Sidewall Roughness ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Fabrication Defects ◽  
The Impact

Amorphous silicon PECVD photonic integrated devices are promising candidates for low cost sensing applications. This manuscript reports a simulation analysis about the impact on the overall efficiency caused by the lithography imperfections in the deposition process. The tolerance to the fabrication defects of a photonic sensor based on surface plasmonic resonance is analysed. The simulations are performed with FDTD and BPM algorithms. The device is a plasmonic interferometer composed by an a-Si:H waveguide covered by a thin gold layer. The sensing analysis is performed by equally splitting the input light into two arms, allowing the sensor to be calibrated by its reference arm. Two different 1 × 2 power splitter configurations are presented: a directional coupler and a multimode interference splitter. The waveguide sidewall roughness is considered as the major negative effect caused by deposition imperfections. The simulation results show that plasmonic effects can be excited in the interferometric waveguide structure, allowing a sensing device with enough sensitivity to support the functioning of a bio sensor for high throughput screening. In addition, the good tolerance to the waveguide wall roughness, points out the PECVD deposition technique as reliable method for the overall sensor system to be produced in a low-cost system. The large area deposition of photonics structures, allowed by the PECVD method, can be explored to design a multiplexed system for analysis of multiple biomarkers to further increase the tolerance to fabrication defects.

Comparison of oxidoreductive enzyme activities in three coal tar creosote-contaminated soils

Soil Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Telesiński ◽  
Teresa Krzyśko-Łupicka ◽  
Krystyna Cybulska ◽  
Barbara Pawłowska ◽  
Robert Biczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Oxidoreductase Activity ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Negative Effect

This study used laboratory experiments to compare the effects of coal tar creosote on the activity of oxidoreductive enzymes in sandy loam, loamy sand and sandy clay loam soils. Different amounts of coal tar creosote were added to soil samples as follows: 0 (control), 2, 10 or 50 g kg–1 dry matter. The activity of soil dehydrogenases (DHAs), o-diphenol oxidase (o-DPO), catalase (CAT), nitrate reductase (NR) and peroxidases (POX) was determined. Contamination of soil with coal tar creosote affected oxidoreductase activity. Oxidoreductive enzyme activity following soil contamination with coal tar creosote was in the following order: DHAs > CAT > NR > POX > o-DPO in loamy sand and in sandy loam; and DHAs > POX > CAT > NR > o-DPO in sandy clay loam. The index of soil oxidoreductive activity (IOx) introduced in this study confirms the negative effect of coal tar creosote on oxidoreductase activity in soil. DHAs were the most sensitive to the contamination of soil with coal tar creosote. Moreover, the greatest changes in oxidoreductase activities were observed in loamy sand. Knowledge of the mechanism underlying the effects of coal tar creosote on oxidoreductive processes may enable development of a method for the bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soils.

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