Knowledge on HIV Prevention Measures Among Male Learners in Secondary Schools in Oshana Region, Namibia

Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has continued to pose significant social, economic and developmental challenges worldwide.The purpose of the study was to assess the knowledge on HIV prevention among male learners in secondary schools in Oshana Region. The objectives of the study were to: assess and describe the knowledge of male learners in Secondary Schools in Oshana Region about HIV preventive measures. A quantitative, cross sectional design, based on the self-report of the participants, was utilized to achieve the aim of the study. Findings of this study showed that 95.4% had knowledge that HIV can be prevented by consistent and correct use of a condom during sexual intercourse. It has become evident that much still need to be done to make HIV prevention among youth more effective.It is hereby recommended that the Ministry of Education takes the lead to educate the learners on HIV preventive and control measures.

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Knowledge, Attitudes and Preventive Practices of Dengue Fever among Secondary School Students in Jazan, Saudi Arabia

Current World Environment ◽

10.12944/cwe.10.3.04 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 747-757

Author(s):

A. A Binsaeed ◽

A. A Sahli ◽

E. M Noureldin ◽

W. S Mohammed ◽

O. M Dafalla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Secondary School ◽

Secondary Schools ◽

Dengue Fever ◽

Secondary School Students ◽

Control Measures ◽

School Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Preventive Practices ◽

And Control

Dengue fever (DF) is the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease worldwide. Several confirmed dengue cases occurred in Jazan region in the last decade. Current study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices of dengue fever among students of secondary schools in Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among students of six secondary schools in Jazan. Multistage stratified random sample method was used and seven hundred forty two (742) were taken as respondents in study. We collected information on the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents about their knowledge, attitude and practice towards DF using a prestructured and self administered questionnaire. findings illustrate a poor DF knowledge among the secondary school students in Jazan. As to attitudes towards DF prevention and control, the majority of the respondents were having good attitudes and believed that DF could be controlled and prevented (93.2%), DF control is the responsibility of government and community (83.1%) and they themselves have an important role to play in DF prevention (78.5%).The most common practice to prevent mosquito breeding were found to be the disposing of water from breeding containers (85.5%) and covering of water containers (68.6%). A significant association between the practice of DF preventive and control measures and the gender of the respondents was found (P<0.005).The top two common sources of DF knowledge were identified as primary health care centers and television (48.1% and 44.5%, respectively) Low prevalence of sufficient knowledge was evident among secondary school students in Jazan. Government authorities should strengthen its programs on massive educational campaigns to increase awareness and knowledge regarding dengue and preventive measures to reduce mosquito and prevent dengue. Knowledge of dengue epidemiology may be incorporated into the school curriculum.

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The Key Psychological Beliefs Underlying Student Participation in Recreational Sport

Recreational Sports Journal ◽

10.1177/1558866120932179 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 38-50

Author(s):

Tom St Quinton ◽

Julie A. Brunton

Keyword(s):

Student Participation ◽

Self Report ◽

Control Beliefs ◽

First Year ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Recreational Sport ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

And Control ◽

Purposive Sample

The first year of university study provides an ideal opportunity to target student participation in many health behaviors such as recreational sport. The study used the theory of planned behavior to identify the key behavioral, normative, and control beliefs underlying student participation in recreational sport. A cross-sectional design was used with a 4-week follow-up. A purposive sample of 206 participants responded to a theoretically informed questionnaire measuring baseline cognitions. Follow-up behavior was measured using self-report questionnaires. All beliefs correlated with intention, and seven beliefs correlated with behavior. Four key beliefs predicted intention (“enjoyable,” “time consuming,” “friends,” and “family members”) and two key beliefs predicted behavior (“enjoyable” and “time consuming”). Interventions successfully targeting these specific beliefs may lead to a greater number of students participating in recreational sport.

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Attitudes of Nursing Students towards Suicide Prevention: A Study from Central India

International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science ◽

10.23958/ijirms/vol03-i01/15 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (01) ◽

Author(s):

Deepak Ghormode ◽

Pramod Gupta ◽

Devendra Ratnani ◽

S. K. Singh

Keyword(s):

Nursing Students ◽

Suicide Prevention ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Central India ◽

Prevention Measures ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Favourable Attitude ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Suicide Prevention Training ◽

Training Programmes

Background: Managing patients with suicide attempts effectively requires overcoming barriers to their care. The attitudes and beliefs of the healthcare professionals have significant effect on the outcome of the treatment and implementation of the preventive strategies. Objectives: Aim of the study was to assess the attitude of nursing students toward suicide prevention. Materials and Methods: The study had a cross sectional design of 284 nursing students who were randomly recruited from the two institutions. Attitude toward suicide prevention scale was administered. Results: Most were young single females, from rural locality, who were pursuing either BSc Nursing or GNM courses. Very few had previous exposure to suicide prevention training programmes. Nearly half of the students showed favourable attitude towards patients with suicidal attempt, considering it as their responsibility and their efforts as rewarding. Nearly half students also showed empathy towards these patients not considering the attempts as just attention seeking ones. Nearly one third were uncertain whether the patients reveal their plans of attempt and whether the suicide prevention measures were draining of the resources. Half of the subjects showed pessimism towards modifying the risk factors of unemployment and poverty. Conclusions: Only half of the nursing students showed favourable attitude working with patients with suicide attempts. More educational and training programs on suicide prevention are therefore needed in these students for better prevention and management of these patients.

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Investigation on emotion and behavior of children aged 1-11 during the pandemic of COVID-19: A Cross-sectional study in Guizhou, China (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.24454 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yushi Mo ◽

Yan Luo ◽

Hong Li ◽

Dewei Xiao ◽

Shuqing Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Behavioral Problems ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Online Survey ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

Emotional Problems ◽

Control Measures ◽

Emotional And Behavioral Problems ◽

Guizhou Province ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

And Control

BACKGROUND In face of the sudden epidemic of COVID-19, strict prevention and control measures had been urgently carried out all over China. Because of the long-term home quarantine, all kinds of people were affected by it. OBJECTIVE In order to understand the mental health of children during the pandemic of COVID-19, this study investigated the prevalence and characteristics of emotional and behavioral problems of children aged 1-11 in Guizhou. METHODS Based on the online survey platform, the survey link was pushed through Wechat in April 2020. Electronic questionnaires were used to investigate children's demographic characteristics, emotional or behavioral problems. RESULTS A total of 3505 valid questionnaires were received from 9 prefectures and cities in Guizhou Province. 39.67% of the children in the 1-2-year-old group had emotional problems. 17.63% of the children agd 3-5 years had behavioral or emotional problems. And 23.57% of the children agd 6-11 years havd behavioral problems. CONCLUSIONS During the home quarantine period of prevention and control of COVID-19, even young children were adversely affected. The prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems in children was high, which was mainly manifested as anxiety, difficulty in concentration and sleep problems.

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Dealing with Student Errors in Whole-Class Discussions of Biology Lessons at German Secondary Schools

International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education ◽

10.1007/s10763-021-10171-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lena von Kotzebue ◽

Christian Förtsch ◽

Sonja Förtsch ◽

Birgit J. Neuhaus

Keyword(s):

Student Achievement ◽

Secondary Schools ◽

Central Feature ◽

Quality Teachers ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Class Level ◽

Biology Instruction ◽

Student Errors ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Positive Effect

AbstractDealing with student errors is a central feature of instructional quality. Teachers’ reactions to a student’s error and classmates’ errors can be crucial to the success of a lesson. A teacher should respond appropriately in terms of motivational and learning-related issues so that the error can become a learning opportunity for students. Currently, error situations have rarely been directly recorded and explored in empirical zstudies. This gap is the central focus of the current study in which we investigated errors in biology instruction within a cross-sectional design where biology lessons in German secondary schools were videotaped, teachers’ dealings with errors analyzed, and student achievement documented with pretests and posttests. The study found that constructively dealing with student errors had a significant positive effect on student achievement at the class level. Results confirmed the relevance of teachers’ appropriate dealing with student errors on learning in biology instruction.

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The Impact of COVID-19 on Pedestrian Flow Patterns in Urban POIs—An Example from Beijing

ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information ◽

10.3390/ijgi10070479 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 479

Author(s):

Yihang Li ◽

Liyan Xu

Keyword(s):

Prevention And Control ◽

Control Period ◽

Flow Patterns ◽

Control Measures ◽

Pedestrian Flow ◽

Prevention Measures ◽

Government Control ◽

Functional Categories ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic is a major challenge for society as a whole, and analyzing the impact of the spread of the epidemic and government control measures on the travel patterns of urban residents can provide powerful help for city managers to designate top-level epidemic prevention policies and specific epidemic prevention measures. This study investigates whether it is more appropriate to use groups of POIs with similar pedestrian flow patterns as the unit of study rather than functional categories of POIs. In this study, we analyzed the hour-by-hour pedestrian flow data of key locations in Beijing before, during, and after the strict epidemic prevention and control period, and we found that the pedestrian flow patterns differed greatly in different periods by using a composite clustering index; we interpreted the clustering results from two perspectives: groups of pedestrian flow patterns and functional categories. The results show that depending on the specific stage of epidemic prevention and control, the number of unique pedestrian flow patterns decreased from four before the epidemic to two during the strict control stage and then increased to six during the initial resumption of work. The restrictions on movement are correlated with most of the visitations, and the release of restrictions led to an increase in the variety of unique pedestrian flow patterns compared to that in the pre-restriction period, even though the overall number of visitations decreased, indicating that social restrictions led to differences in the flow patterns of POIs and increased social distance.

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Hospital-acquired infection awareness and control practices among healthcare staff: an evaluation

British Journal of Healthcare Management ◽

10.12968/bjhc.2020.0037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (11) ◽

pp. 296-302

Author(s):

Pallavi Saraswat ◽

Rajnarayan R Tiwari ◽

Muralidhar Varma ◽

Sameer Phadnis ◽

Monica Sindhu

Keyword(s):

Infection Control ◽

Healthcare Facility ◽

Hospital Staff ◽

Control Measures ◽

Prevention Measures ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Control Policies ◽

Hospital Acquired Infection ◽

Hospital Acquired Infections ◽

Hospital Acquired

Background/Aims Hospital-acquired infections pose a risk to the wellbeing of both patients and staff. They are largely preventable, particularly if hospital staff have adequate knowledge of and adherence to infection control policies. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, awareness and practice of hospital-acquired infection control measures among hospital staff. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 71 staff members in a tertiary healthcare facility in Karnataka, India. The researchers distributed a questionnaire containing 33 questions regarding knowledge of hospital-acquired infections, awareness of infection control policies and adherence to control practices. The results were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 16.0 and a Kruskal–Wallis test. Results Respondents' mean percentage score on the knowledge of hospital-acquired infections section was 72%. Their mean percentage scores on the awareness and practice of infection prevention measures sections were 82% and 77% respectively. Doctors and those with more years of experience typically scored higher. Conclusion The respondents had an acceptable level of knowledge, awareness and adherence to infection control practices. However, continued training is essential in the prevention of hospital-acquired infections. The majority of the respondents stated that they were willing to undertake training in this area, and this opportunity should be provided in order to improve infection control quality.

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Doctors' experience of a bespoke physician consultation service: cross-sectional investigation

The Psychiatrist ◽

10.1192/pb.bp.110.031047 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 206-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Maja Meerten ◽

Julia Bland ◽

Samantha R. Gross ◽

Antony I. Garelick

Keyword(s):

Self Report ◽

Consultation Service ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Specialist Services ◽

Before And After ◽

Consultation Model ◽

Evaluation Outcome ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Case Note Review

Aims and methodOur aim was to follow-up on a cohort of self-referred doctors who attended MedNet. We used a two-point cross-sectional design. Measures included three standardised self-report questionnaires administered before and after consultation. Doctors were also asked to complete a service user questionnaire, and data regarding engagement and onward referrals were gathered through case-note review.ResultsA statistically significant improvement in scores on all three questionnaires was found after intervention; however, scores on one subscale, the risk domain of the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation – Outcome Measure, did not change significantly. Of the doctors at no risk of suicide at intake, nearly two-thirds (n = 41/70, 59%) were sufficiently helped by the consultations provided to not need further treatment. Of the doctors at some risk of suicide at intake, two-thirds (n = 34/51, 67%) did need an onward referral. Only one doctor required hospital admission, an outcome that suggests the approach used is containing and clinically responsive.Clinical implicationsThis paper highlights the efficacy, need and importance of specialist services for doctors in difficulty. We found that the bespoke consultation model provided at MedNet is valued highly by the doctors as service users.

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Women’s Decision-Making Autonomy and ICT Utilization on Access to Antenatal Care Services: Survey Results From Jinja and Kampala Cities, Uganda

10.1101/557413 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Hasifah K. Namatovu ◽

Tonny J. Oyana ◽

Jude T. Lubega

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Antenatal Care ◽

Strong Association ◽

Control Measures ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Care Services ◽

Ict Adoption ◽

Expectant Mothers ◽

Cross Sectional Design

AbstractThere is growing evidence in Uganda that the non-attendance of antenatal care is largely influenced by the lack of decision-making autonomy, inadequate information and poor services offered in health facilities. Although previous studies have examined barriers and facilitators of antenatal care, a few of them have investigated the extent of decision making autonomy and ICT adoption among expectant mothers. A cross sectional design through focus group discussions and survey questionnaires was used to collect data. Three hundred and twenty households were randomly sampled in Kampala and Jinja districts. The Chi-square tests (χ2) for independence to analyze group differences among women’s socio-demographic characteristics and decision-making autonomy was used. Inclusion criteria included respondents aged 18 and 50 years, completion of primary school education, expectant mothers and mothers who gave birth two years prior to the study. A hundred and sixty-four respondents participated in this survey. About 59.5% of women lacked decision making autonomy. Midwives (37.6%) and village health teams (35%) were a major source of antenatal care information, and 49.5% of expectant mothers lacked ANC information. Ninety percent (90%) of mothers did not use any form of ICT’s to enhance their decisions yet 79% possessed mobile phones. We observed a strong association between antenatal care decision-making autonomy and women with higher education (χ2 = 8.63, ρ = 0.035), married (χ2 = 4.1, ρ = 0.043) and mature (36–50) (χ2 = 8.81, ρ = 0.032). The main findings in this study suggest that ICT adoption and decision making autonomy among expectant mothers is still low and less appreciated. Control measures and interventions should be geared towards empowering women to influence their decisions.

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Nurses’ Self-report on the Infection Control Unit Activities and their Experience in the Hospital toward Nosocomial Infections in the Sulaimani Hospitals

Erbil Journal of Nursing and Midwifery ◽

10.15218/ejnm.2020.19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 166-177

Author(s):

Ramand Haji ◽

◽

Dana Abdilkarim ◽

Salar Ali ◽

Srwa Mohammad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infection Control ◽

Nosocomial Infections ◽

Control Unit ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Control Measures ◽

Self Report ◽

Health Staff ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Infection Control Measures ◽

Spss Software

Background and objectives: Nurses can prevent the occurrence and transmission of noso-comial infections by following infection control measures such as wearing gloves and masks, using appropriate disinfection of skin and preventing accidental needle-stick inju-ries. This research aimed to evaluate the availability of hospital uniforms, personal protec-tive equipment, and infection control activities at hospitals in Sulaimani in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, and to examine nurses’ experience of nosocomial infections. Methods and materials: A cross-sectional study was performed at 10 governmental hospi-tals during the period from 20th February to 28th September 2018. 525 nurses were se-lected as participants by a convenience sampling method. A self-administrated question-naire was used to collect data, which were analysed using SPSS software. Results: The results showed that 268 nurses (51%) reported that their hospitals provided sufficient uniforms to all the medical staff and the majority of nurses, 444 respondents (84.6%) stated that they were responsible for cleaning their working uniforms. 441 nurses reported that they did not acquire a nosocomial infection, and 479 (91.2%) did not have an accident during their work in the hospital. 79.9% of the nurses (404) reported recapping syringe needles after the usage, and 98 (18.7%) gave a low rating to the infection control unit activity in their hospitals. Finally, more than half of nurses (330) representing 62.9% of the sample were vaccinated against nosocomial infections. Conclusions: Most of Sulaimani governmental hospitals are providing sufficient uniforms for the health staff, the majority of nurses were vaccinated against one or more nosocomi-al infections, and the majority of nurses do needle syringe recapping.

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