scholarly journals The Association Between Pre-Diabetes With Body Mass Index and Marital Status in an Iranian Urban Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karamatollah Rahmanian ◽  
Mohammad Shojaei ◽  
Abdolreza Sotoodeh Jahromi ◽  
Abdoulhossein Madani
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Low Educated ◽  
And Control

<p>Pre-diabetes increased the development of diabetes mellitus (type 2). The aim of study was to determine the association of body weight, education and marital status with pre-diabetes in an Iranian urban population.A sample of 788 subjects (360 men and 428 women) between the ages 30–85 years participated in our study and anthropometric measurements, educational level and fasting blood sugar of participants were recorded. The t and Chi square tests were used for continuous and categorical variables. The association of age, BMI categories, educational level and marital status to pre-diabetes was assessed by estimating the odds ratio. A <em>p</em>-value ≤ 0.05 were considered significant. The analysis was done using SPSS version 11.5. Our study showed that pre-diabetic subjects were older and low educated than normoglycemic subjects. Mean BMI and educational level were associated to pre-diabetes only in women. The odds of being pre-diabetes also were higher in obese women than in normal BMI women. No relationship was found between education and marital status with pre-diabetes in both men and women. Based on our finding, it is possible that advancing age and obesity has increased in pre-diabetes. This highlights the importance of population based survey to monitor blood glucose for effective prevention and control.</p>

scholarly journals Relationship of Hydroxychloroquine and Ophthalmic Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8154
Author(s):  
Hung-Chih Chen ◽  
Hung-Yu Lin ◽  
Michael Chia-Yen Chou ◽  
Yu-Hsun Wang ◽  
Pui-Ying Leong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Increased Risk

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) via the national health insurance research database (NHIRD) of Taiwan. All patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (n = 47,353) in the NHIRD (2000–2012) were enrolled in the study. The case group consists of participants with diabetic ophthalmic complications; 1:1 matching by age (±1 year old), sex, and diagnosis year of diabetes was used to provide an index date for the control group that corresponded to the case group (n = 5550). Chi-square test for categorical variables and Student’s t-test for continuous variables were used. Conditional logistic regression was performed to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of DR. The total number of HCQ user was 99 patients (1.8%) in the case group and 93 patients (1.7%) in the control group. Patients with hypertension (aOR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.11–1.31) and hyperlipidemia (aOR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.52–1.79) significantly increased the risk of diabetic ophthalmic complications (p < 0.001). Conversely, the use of HCQ and the presence of rheumatoid diseases did not show any significance in increased risk of DR. HCQ prescription can improve systemic glycemic profile, but it does not decrease the risk of diabetic ophthalmic complications.

scholarly journals The characteristics and risk factors of human papillomavirus infection: an outpatient population-based study in Changsha, Hunan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingsi Gao ◽  
Yu-Ligh Liou ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Lingxiao Zou ◽  
Waixing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Test Kit

AbstractThis cross-sectional study investigated the characteristics of cervical HPV infection in Changsha area and explored the influence of Candida vaginitis on this infection. From 11 August 2017 to 11 September 2018, 12,628 outpatient participants ranged from 19 to 84 years old were enrolled and analyzed. HPV DNA was amplified and tested by HPV GenoArray Test Kit. The vaginal ecology was detected by microscopic and biochemistry examinations. The diagnosis of Candida vaginitis was based on microscopic examination (spores, and/or hypha) and biochemical testing (galactosidase) for vaginal discharge by experts. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS 9.4. Continuous and categorical variables were analyzed by t-tests and by Chi-square tests, respectively. HPV infection risk factors were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Of the total number of participants, 1753 were infected with HPV (13.88%). Females aged ≥ 40 to < 50 years constituted the largest population of HPV-infected females (31.26%). The top 5 HPV subtypes affecting this population of 1753 infected females were the following: HPV-52 (28.01%), HPV-58 (14.83%), CP8304 (11.47%), HPV-53 (10.84%), and HPV-39 (9.64%). Age (OR 1.01; 95% CI 1–1.01; P < 0.05) and alcohol consumption (OR 1.30; 95% CI 1.09–1.56; P < 0.01) were found to be risk factors for HPV infection. However, the presence of Candida in the vaginal flora was found to be a protective factor against HPV infection (OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.48–0.8; P < 0.001). Comparing with our previous study of 2016, we conclude that the subtype distribution of HPV infection is relatively constant in Changsha. Our data suggest a negative correlation between vaginal Candida and HPV, however, more radical HPV management is required in this area for perimenopausal women and those who regularly consume alcohol.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic Predictors of Physical Functioning in the Elderly: A National Health Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Milena Kostadinovic ◽  
Dejan Nikolic ◽  
Ivana Petronic ◽  
Dragana Cirovic ◽  
Mirko Grajic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Gender Group ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Level Group ◽  
Group 1

We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of sociodemographic factors with the presence and different degrees of walking difficulties in elderly above 65 years, and to analyze association between evaluated variables and the presence and degree of waking difficulties. In the population based study, 3540 individuals age above 65 years from Serbia were recruited. Further predictors were analyzed: gender, age, level of education, marital status, body mass index (BMI), index of well-being and place of residence. We assessed difficulty in walking half a km on level ground without the use of any aid (Group-1); and difficulty in walking up or down 12 steps (Group-2). Walking difficulties were categorized as no difficulty, some difficulty, a lot of difficulty and cannot do at all. For present difficulty significant predictors were: age (Group-1 (OR-3.022)/Group-2 (OR-3.825)), gender (Group-1 (OR-0.337)/Group-2 (OR-0.311)), educational level (Group-1 (OR-0.689)/Group-2 (OR-0.556)) and place of residence (Group-2 (OR-1.523)) while for non-performing the task, significant predictors were: age (Group-1 (OR-1.998)/Group-2 (OR-2.096)), gender (Group-1 (OR-0.629)/Group-2 (OR-0.495)), BMI (Group-1 (OR-1.219)/Group-2 (OR-1.305)), marital status (Group-1 (OR 0.764)/Group-2 (OR-0.769)), educational level (Group-1 (OR-0.679)/Group-2 (OR-0.719)) and index of well-being (Group-2 (OR-0.764)). Understanding of predictors, and their role on functional decline in elderly is of great importance for the development of specific population-based health programs to prevent further functional loss and preserve achieved functional gains.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF SUSPECTED PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY OUTBREAK IN DECHENTSEMO CENTRAL SCHOOL, THINLEYGANG, PUNAKHA

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tshe Ten ◽  
Laigden Dzed ◽  
Sangay Thinley ◽  
Deki Tshomo ◽  
Karma Dechen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Daily Allowance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Fischer Exact Test

Background: A suspected peripheral neuropathy outbreak was reported from Dechentsemo Central School, Thinleygang, Punakha, following which the investigation team was immediately dispatched in the field.Objective: The aim of investigation was to ascertain the cause and risk factor for the outbreak in order to implement control measures.Methods: A case control study was devised for the investigation to study about the past exposure or deficiencies in order to find out the suspected cause and risk factors.  A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was administered to both cases and controls to collect information on the type of food they have consumed. The information garnered was analyzed using Chi-Square or Fischer Exact test for categorical variables and Man-Whitney U-test for quantitative variables. Results: All 17 cases were females with mean age of 13 years (SD 2.7 years). The average daily amount of thiamine intake was 0.6 mg/day for case and 0.8 mg/day for controls against the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of 1.2 mg/day. Case and control patients differed significantly with respect to fat intake (p-value = 0.02), more strongly with folate and iron intake (p-value 0.01).Conclusion: The outbreak of peripheral neuropathy in Dechentsemo Central School appears to be linked to reduced dietary intake rich in vitamin B1 coupled with low intake of folate and iron in their diet.

scholarly journals Consequences of Zuspan Protocol Applications in Eclampsia Pregnant Women and Seizures

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 01-03
Author(s):  
Bilge Aslan ◽  
Feray Aydın ◽  
Özlem Moraloğlu
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Magnesium Sulfate ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Asian Women ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Low Body Mass Index ◽  
And Control

Backgraund: Magnesium sulfate is the preferred anticonvulsant in the prevention and control of eclamptic convulsions. The Zuspan Regime is one of the most popular protocols used. However, due to toxicity concerns, several low-dose regimens have been implemented, given the low body mass index of Asian women. In our hospital, Zuspan Protocol is generally applied. Objective: We aimed to compare the results, effectiveness and reliability of 6-hour and 12-hour intravenous (i.v) MgSO4 infusions in the Zuspan Protocol in our hospital. Methods and Materials: A total of 700 cases of eclampsia were examined and these cases were treated with the Zuspan Protocol. The patients in the first group received 6 hours of treatment (n: 400), while the second group (n: 300) received the 12-hour treatment with magnesium sulfate. Recurrent convulsion rates, maternal and perinatal results of both regimens were evaluated and compared using unpaired t-test and chi-square test, respectively, for continuous and categorical variables. Result: We detected 700 eclamptic cases among 50.620 births in our hospital during the 7-year working period and this rate was found as 80.5 % of 700 women were in the 19-30 age group. Despite the fact that MgSO4 was infused in 700 eclamptic pregnant women, the rate of seizures was found to be total 3.57 %. Conclusion: The 12-hour intravenous Zuspan Protocol was found to be more effective and more preventive and safer than the eclamptic seizure compared to the 6-hour Zuspan Protocol.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Obesity: An Epidemiologic Analysis of the Brazilian Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Diego Assis Gonçalves ◽  
Victória Ribeiro ◽  
Ana Gualberto ◽  
Fernanda Peres ◽  
Michaela Luconi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Ventilatory Support ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Nonparametric Tests ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Prevention Campaign

Brazil has the second highest number of deaths due to COVID-19. Obesity has been associated with an important role in disease development and a worse prognosis. We aimed to explore epidemiological data from Brazil, discussing the potential relationships between obesity and COVID-19 severity in this country. We used a public database made available by the Ministry of Health of Brazil (182700 patients diagnosed with COVID-19). Descriptive statistics were used to characterize our database. Continuous data were expressed as median and analyzed by the nonparametric tests Mann–Whitney or one-sample Wilcoxon. The frequencies of categorical variables have been analyzed by chi-square tests of independence or goodness-of-fit. Among the number of deaths, 74% of patients were 60 years of age or older. Patients with obesity who died of COVID-19 were younger (59 years (IQR = 23)) than those without obesity (71 years (IQR = 20), P < 0.001 , and η2 = 0.0424). Women with obesity who died of COVID-19 were older than men (55 years (IQR = 25) vs. 50 (IQR = 22), P < 0.001 , and η2 = 0.0263). Furthermore, obesity increases the chances of needing intensive care unit (OR: 1.783, CI: 95%, and P < 0.001 ), needing ventilatory support (OR: 1.537, CI: 95%, and P < 0.001 and OR: 2.302, CI: 95%, and P < 0.001 , for noninvasive and invasive, respectively), and death (OR: 1.411, CI: 95%, and P < 0.001 ) of patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Our analysis supports obesity as a significant risk factor for the development of more severe forms of COVID-19. The present study can direct a more effective prevention campaign and appropriate management of subjects with obesity.

Abstract TMP44: Ethnic Differences in Informal Caregiving After Stroke: The Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi (BASIC) Project

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia N Hollenhorst ◽  
Lynda D Lisabeth ◽  
Linda C Gallo ◽  
Chia-Wei Hsu ◽  
Sehee Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Stroke Care ◽  
Informal Caregiving ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Corpus Christi ◽  
Occupational Goals

Background and Aims: We studied informal (non-paid) caregiving after stroke in a population-based study to determine if differences occurred between Mexican Americans (MAs) and non-Hispanic whites (NHWs). MAs are a less affluent population than NHWs. Family members who provide caregiving may need to interrupt educational and occupational goals to provide this care, which may perpetuate socioeconomic disparities between minority and majority populations. Methods: Between October, 2014 and December, 2016, stroke subjects in Texas, USA, were interviewed 90 days after stroke to determine if family or friends provided informal, unpaid caregiving, and for which activities of daily living (ADLs) they required help. Chi-square tests were used to assess the association of ethnicity and whom provided the caregiving, as well as ethnicity and the ADLs for which they required help. Ethnic differences between MAs and NHWs in receiving informal caregiving were determined using logistic regression. The odds ratio (OR, 95% CI) is reported with NHW as the referent group. Results: 473 subjects answered the caregiving questions. There were no significant differences among the two ethnic groups with respect to age, sex, NIHSS score, marital status, or insurance. MAs were more likely to require help compared with NHWs for walking (p=0.0008), bathing (p=0.0004), hygiene (p=0.0018), eating (p=0.0059), dressing (p<0.0001), moving (p=0.0015) and toileting (p=0.0007). Among all subjects, 144 (30%) received informal caregiving (35% of 300 MAs versus 22% of 173 NHWs). There were no significant ethnic differences among which family member provided the caregiving. MAs were more likely to have informal caregiving OR=1.87 (95% CI 1.11-3.13) adjusted for age, sex, NIHSS, education, insurance and marital status. Conclusions: In this population-based study, MAs required more help than NHWs for assistance with ADLs, and MAs were more likely to receive this help through informal, unpaid caregiving than NHWs. Efforts to help minority and low-resource populations provide stroke care are needed.

scholarly journals Associação do status social subjetivo e indicadores sociodemográficos em atletas

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 591
Author(s):  
Kamyla Thais Dias de Freitas ◽  
Elisa Pinheiro Ferrari ◽  
Mariluce Poerschke Vieira ◽  
Walan Robert da Silva ◽  
Helton Pereira de Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Subjective Social Status ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
Sociodemographic Indicators

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n5p591 Subjective social status comprises the perception of individuals about their social status. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between subjective social status and sociodemographic indicators (age, educational level, marital status and economic level) in athletes from Santa Catharina. A total of 593 athletes of both sexes and mean age of 21.18 (± 5.58) years, 371 men, randomly selected, practitioners of individual and collective sport modalities, federated in clubs in the western region of Santa Catarina participated in the study. Social status perception was assessed using the MacArthur scale version for young people adapted to the sports context. For the association between perceived status and sociodemographic indicators, the Chi-square and Multinomial Logistic Regression tests were used, stratified by gender and adjusted for age variables, educational level, marital status and socioeconomic status. Dissatisfaction with status was found in 85% of the sample. Moreover, 46.9% of participants perceived themselves with low family status and 46% perceived themselves with intermediate status in their clubs. The association between groups showed statistically significant differences according to sex, age, educational level and marital status. The association between sociodemographic variables and status according to sex indicated that younger men, with less education, and single were more likely to be dissatisfied with their status. There is need for greater attention by health professionals regarding younger male athletes, with lower education and single regarding their status perception.

scholarly journals Population-Based Study of the Association between Urbanization and Kawasaki Disease in Taiwan

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Pin Chang ◽  
Shyh-Jong Wu ◽  
Wei-Chiao Chang ◽  
Ho-Chang Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Urbanization Level ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control

Background.It is unclear if the prevalence of Kawasaki disease (KD) correlates with the degree of urbanization. We hypothesized that the prevalence of KD is more pronounced in urban versus rural environments.Methods.The National Health Insurance (NHI) program was implemented in Taiwan in 1995 and covers most of the population (>99%). We used the NHI database to investigate the epidemiological features of KD. A total of 115 diagnosed patients with KD from 1997 to 2010 were included, together with 1,150 matched controls without KD. Chi-square analyses were performed to investigate the difference between modern city and rural environments.Results.Of the 1265 sampled subjects (claims data from 1,000,000 random subjects), the mean age of the KD study group and control group was 2.08 ± 1.66 and 2.08 ± 1.64 years, respectively. After matching for age, sex, and same index date, no statistically significant differences in urbanization level and geographical location of the patients' residence were observed.Conclusion.Urbanization did not appear to be an important effect modifier of Kawasaki disease in Taiwan.

scholarly journals Determining the willingness of Australians to export their corneas on death

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246622
Author(s):  
Heather M. Machin ◽  
Lisa Buckland ◽  
Christine Critchley ◽  
Steven Wiffen ◽  
Gerard Sutton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Corneal Transplant ◽  
Corneal Tissue ◽  
Australian Population ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Population Sampling ◽  
Bivariate Correlation

Background 12.7 million people await a corneal transplant, but 53% are without access to corneal tissue. Sharing corneal tissue across nations can provide some access, however the willingness of export populations, like Australians, to export their donation on death, has never been evaluated. Our research samples the Australian population, determining their willingness to export. Materials and method We conducted e-surveys. N = 1044 Australians participated. The sample represented the Australian population, based on population demographics. Chi-Square and bivariate correlation coefficients examined associations between categorical variables, with a sample size of N = 1044, power of 0.80, and alpha of p = 0.05. Outcome measures were based on population sampling, by exploring willingness export, through the e-survey method. Results 38% (n = 397) of respondents said yes to exportation, 23.8% (n = 248) said no, and 38.2% (n = 399) were undecided. We found no relationship between willingness to export and general demographics, though those registered on the Donatelife Register (p = < .001), and those already willing to donate their eyes (p = < .001) were significantly more willing to export. Discussion More Australians are willing to export their corneas than not, though a significant portion remain undecided. The Donatelife Register, and donation awareness, are key components of respondent decision making. Therefore, the provision of information about exportation prior to, and at the point-of-donation, is essential for assisting Australian’s to decide to export or not. Further examination and development of consent-for-export systems are necessary before routine exportation is undertaken.

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