scholarly journals The Research on Anti-dumping, Cost and Chinese Export: Based on Multilateral Resistance Term of Gravity Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Rou Li
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Total Export ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Extensive Margin ◽  
Industry Data ◽  
Intensive Margin ◽  
Multilateral Resistance ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Chinese Export

Using country-industry data, this study investigates the effect of anti-dumping on Chinese export via Multilateral Resistance Term of Gravity Model. Begin with the effect of anti-dumping on total export, we further investigate the mechanism between them with extensive margin and intensive margin theory in Dutt et al. (2013). We find that, anti-dumping has a statistically significant and negative effect on total export, extensive margin and intensive margin, and the increase of variable cost is the mechanism of negative effect between anti-dumping and export.

scholarly journals The Research on Factors Which Affect Anti-dumping Investigation: Based on Probit Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Rou Li
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Extensive Margin ◽  
Industry Data ◽  
Intensive Margin ◽  
Population Exchange ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Per Capita

Using country-industry data, this study investigates factors which affect anti-dumping investigation via Probit model. We find that with the increase of trade, GDP per capita, population, exchange rate, accession to WTO and the occurrence of financial crisis, China more likely suffer from anti-dumping investigation，while with the increase of distance, China less likely suffer from anti-dumping investigation. Further, after divided the export into extensive margin and intensive margin, we find that the negative effect of trade on anti-dumping investigation mainly comes from the increase of intensive margin. The increases of extensive margin may reduce the chances of suffering from anti-dumping investigation.

scholarly journals Identifying the determinants of South Africa’s extensive and intensive trade margins: A gravity model approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Matthee ◽  
Maria Santana-Gallego
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Export Growth ◽  
Extensive Margin ◽  
Intensive Margin ◽  
Product Mix ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Export Product

Background: The significance of the paper is twofold. Firstly, it adds to the small but growing body of literature focusing on the decomposition of South Africa’s export growth. Secondly, it identifies the determinants of the intensive and extensive margins of South Africa’s exports – a topic that (as far as the authors are concerned) has not been explored before.Aim: This paper aims to investigate a wide range of market access determinants that affect South Africa’s export growth along the intensive and extensive margins.Setting: Export diversification has been identified as one of the critical pillars of South Africa’s much-hoped-for economic revival. Although recent years have seen the country’s export product mix evolving, there is still insufficient diversification into new markets with high value-added products. This is putting a damper on export performance as a whole and, in turn, hindering South Africa’s economic growth.Methods: A Heckman selection gravity model is applied using highly disaggregated data. The first stage of the process revealed the factors affecting the probability of South Africa exporting to a particular destination (extensive margin). The second stage, which modelled trade flows, revealed the variables that affect export volumes (intensive margin).Results: The results showed that South Africa’s export product mix is relatively varied, but the number of export markets is limited. In terms of the extensive margin (or the probability of exporting), economic variables such as the importing country’s GDP and population have a positive impact on firms’ decision to export. Other factors affecting the extensive margin are distance to the market (negative impact), cultural or language fit (positive impact), presence of a South African embassy abroad (positive impact), existing free trade agreement with Southern African Development Community (positive impact) and trade regulations and costs (negative impact). In terms of the intensive margin (or the factors influencing the volume of exports), there are strong parallels with the extensive margin, with the exception being that the time involved in exporting has more of an impact than documentary requirements.Conclusion: Among the factors contributing to South Africa’s exports having largely developed in the intensive margin are a general lack of market-related information, infrastructural weaknesses (both of a physical and technological nature) and a difficult regulatory environment – all of which add to the cost and time involved in exporting. Policymakers have long spoken about the need for the country to diversify its export basket, but now talk about needs to give way to action. The government and its economic partners need to arrive at a common vision of an export sector that will be able to expand into new products and markets, be an active participant in global value chains and deliver sustainable jobs.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF TRADE FACILITATION ON TRADE MARGIN OF 8 ASEAN-CHINA FREE TRADE AREA COUNTRIES (ACFTA): A GRAVITY MODEL APPROACH

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Ferdyan Susetyo
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Export Growth ◽  
Extensive Margin ◽  
Intensive Margin ◽  
Trade Facilitation ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Port Efficiency

Trade facilitation is an effort of simplification and harmonization of international trade procedures. Trade facilitation that manifested in the form of policy packages that aim to reduce trade costs and improve export growth. Export growth can be sourced from the level of diversity of exported goods (extensive margin) and the volume of exported goods (intensive margin). This study aims to analyze the effect of trade facilitation on the extensive and intensive margin of trade eight member countries of ACFTA during the years 2006-2014. Trade facilitation indicators used in this study consisted of exporters and importers port efficiency. This study uses gravity model and estimation techniques Random Effect Model. The results showed that exporter port efficiency have a positive and significant effect on the extensive margin while importer port efficiency has a positive and significant effect on the intensive margin.

The Diffusion of Product Innovations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Stoneman ◽  
Eleonora Bartoloni ◽  
Maurizio Baussola
Keyword(s):  
Extensive Margin ◽  
Intensive Margin ◽  
Industry Sector ◽  
Product Innovations ◽  
Market Product ◽  
Principal Finding ◽  
Considerable Period

This chapter explores the patterns of adoption and use of original and new-to-market product innovations. Three levels of diffusion are identified: (i) the spreading of first use across countries (the extensive margin); (ii) the spreading of first use across users within countries (the intensive margin); and (iii) increasing intensity of use by adopters (firms or households). The principal finding is that diffusion often takes a considerable period of time, both across and within countries. Movement on the intensive margin continues for many years after diffusion on the extensive margin is completed. Intra-firm or household diffusion is also time-intensive, differs by industry sector, country, and technology, and continues even after inter-firm or household diffusion is complete. In addition, the diffusion of the production of product innovations may eventually mean that countries that were early producers are eventually replaced by countries that were late producers.

Political parties in Canada: What determines entry, exit and the duration of their lives?

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Stephen Ferris ◽  
Marcel-Cristian Voia
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Hazard Model ◽  
Parametric Models ◽  
Extensive Margin ◽  
Finite Mixtures ◽  
Entry And Exit ◽  
Intensive Margin ◽  
Economic Circumstance

Two margins of political party life in Canada since Confederation (1867) are analyzed—the extensive margin involving entry and exit (together with party turnover or churning) and the intensive margin determining survival length. The results confirm many hypotheses advanced to explain entry and exit—the importance of social and religious cleavage, election institutions, and economic circumstance. More novel are the findings that public election funding and periods with larger immigration flows have reinforced established parties at the expense of entrants and smaller sized parties. The intensive margin uses a discrete hazard model with discrete finite mixtures to confirm the Duverger-type presence of two distinct long-lived political parties surrounded by a fringe of smaller parties. Both parametric and semi-parametric models concur in finding that public funding and higher immigration flows are as successful in extending the life of established parties as in discouraging entry and exit.

scholarly journals The Impact of Environmental Regulation on Location’s Choice of Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Carril-Caccia ◽  
Juliette Milgran Baleix
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Mergers And Acquisitions ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Extensive Margin ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

This study contributes to the literature seeking to test the pollution haven’s hypothesis (PHH), by focusing on the influence of environmental policy on the location’s decision of cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions (M&As). To this end, we estimate a gravity model using an original bilateral database for the extensive margin of M&A among 34 developed and emerging countries during the period 1995-2015. Reached evidence confirms only part of the pessimist predictions. A more stringent environmental regulation would not boost outward M&As to the extent that it originates from countries with relatively good institutional quality. In contrast, in countries with relatively high level of corruption, the laxer the environmental regulation, the higher the number of inward M&As. However, reducing corruption can compensate the competitiveness losses associated with the compliance of a stricter environmental regulation

scholarly journals Pan[dem]ic! Rational Risk Avoidance During a Health Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward N Okeke
Keyword(s):  
Physical Examination ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Risk Compensation ◽  
Extensive Margin ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Risk Avoidance ◽  
Intensive Margin ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Reduce Risk

During a health pandemic health workers have to balance two competing objectives: their own welfare vs. that of their patients. Intuitively, attending to sick patients during a pandemic poses risks to health workers because some of these patients could be infected. One way to reduce risk is by reducing contact with patients. These changes could be on the extensive margin, e.g., seeing fewer patients; or, more insidiously, on the intensive margin, by reducing the duration/intensity of contact. This paper studies risk avoidance behavior during the Covid-19 pandemic and examines implications for patient welfare. Using primary data on thousands of patient-provider interactions between January 2019 and October 2020 in Nigeria, I present evidence of risk compensation by health workers along the intensive margin. For example, the probability that a patient receives a physical examination has dropped by about a third. I find suggestive evidence of negative effects on health outcomes.

Softwood lumber trade and trade restrictions: gravity model.

2021 ◽  
pp. 142-173
Author(s):  
Xin-tong Li ◽  
Fatemeh Mokhtarzadeh ◽  
G. Cornelisvan Kooten
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
Softwood Lumber ◽  
Trade Model ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Bilateral Trade Flows ◽  
Pseudo Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Gravity Trade Model

Abstract A gravity trade model can be used to determine the effects of policy on bilateral trade flows. The gravity model is initially explained and then used to determine the effect that U.S. tariffs have on softwood lumber (SWL) imports from Canada, using information from the 2006 Softwood Lumber Agreement. Quarterly data for seven Canadian and three U.S. regions for the period 2007-2017 are used to estimate a gravity model of SWL trade. The model is subsequently expanded to include Japan and China as separate regions, and then as a combined China-Japan region. The model is estimated using OLS and a Poisson Pseudo-Maximum-Likelihood method for trade quantity and value. Findings indicate that: (1) the imposition of a countervailing and/or anti-dumping duty usually has a negative effect on Canada's physical exports, but not in all cases; (2) the value of softwood lumber trade decreases by 26% on average under a tax/tariff compared with no duties; (3) the tax/tariff has a smaller but still significant impact on Canadian exports when China and Japan are included, as SWL exports are diverted from the U.S.; and, not surprisingly, (4) duties affect the value of lumber exports to a much greater extent than quantity.

Trends in tourism under economic uncertainty

2020 ◽  
pp. 135481662090960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Khan ◽  
Chi-Wei Su ◽  
Yi-Dong Xiao ◽  
Haotian Zhu ◽  
Xiaoyan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Exchange Rate Regime ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Policy Uncertainty ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Window Technique ◽  
Rolling Window ◽  
Negative Effect

We use the gravity model to examine the causal link between economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and inbound tourism (ITM) in the United Kingdom. The results for the full sample demonstrate that EPU Granger causes ITM. This finding shows that association is misappropriated due to structural changes. We apply the time-varying rolling window technique to revisit the dynamic association between EPU and ITM. The findings for the subsamples indicate that EPU has a negative effect on ITM. In contrast, ITM has a positive effect on EPU in the subsamples. These results support the gravity model, which states that as EPU increases, the level of ITM decreases. The results have noteworthy implications for policymakers in the form of consistency in policies and short-term shock forecasting that is capable of greater shock-absorbing capacity to lessen the revocation of tourist programs. A stable exchange rate regime in the destination country will make tourism cheaper and more attractive to tourists. Decision-makers should consider time-varying attributes to establish tourism activities for effective and accurate predictions.

Physical Harm Reduction in Domestic Violence: Does Marijuana Make Assaults Safer?

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052096187
Author(s):  
Jacob Kaplan ◽  
Li Sian Goh
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Extensive Margin ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Intensive Margin ◽  
Marijuana Legalization ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Marijuana Decriminalization ◽  
Serious Injuries

Studies on the effect of marijuana on domestic violence often suffer from endogeneity issues. To examine the effect of marijuana decriminalization and medical marijuana legalization on serious domestic assaults, we conducted a difference-in-differences analysis on a panel dataset on NIBRS-reported assaults in 24 states over the 12 years between 2005 and 2016. Assaults disaggregated according to situation and extent of injury were employed as dependent variables. We found that while the total number of assaults did not change, decriminalization reduced domestic assaults involving serious injuries by 18%. From a harm reduction perspective, these results suggest that while the extensive margin of violence did not change, the intensive margin measured by the seriousness of assaults were substantially affected by decriminalization. This result may be partially explained by reductions in offender alcohol intoxication and weapon-involved assault.

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