scholarly journals Soil Fertility in Crop-Livestock System Subjected to Nitrogen Fertilization and Grazing

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
L. R. Sartor ◽  
I. E. Sandini ◽  
P. C. F. Carvalho ◽  
B. E. S. Ruthes
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Random Block Design ◽  
Chemical Traits ◽  
Livestock System

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sheep grazing and increasing rates of nitrogen fertilization on oats + ryegrass at winter on the soil K, Ca, H + Al, Mg and P concentrations in a crop-livestock system with beans and corn crop succession during summer after four years (2006-2009) of the experiment establishment. Treatments consisted of different nitrogen levels (0, 75, 150 and 225 kg ha-1) with and without sheep grazing Lolium multiflorum Lam and Avena spp. Soil chemical traits were evaluated at depths of 0-5, 5-10, and 10-15 cm. The experiment was laid out as random block design in a split-plot scheme with three replications. Soil K content were higher at the superficial soil layer and at the treatment with 150 kg ha-1 N and remained high along the four years of assessment. Animal grazing at winter results in better soil chemical traits in relation to the soil Ca and H + Al. There were no nutrient (K, Ca, P and Mg) losses or extraction when under overgrazing, a fact that confirms the possibility of using animals in the crop-livestock areas without affecting its chemical traits. There was also an increase in Ca and SB concentrations with grazing, including in subsurface soil.

scholarly journals Production of annual winter forage sown before and after soybean harvest under different nitrogen fertilization levels

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1209-1216
Author(s):  
Francisco Migliorini ◽  
André Brugnara Soares ◽  
Laércio Ricardo Sartor ◽  
Paulo Fernando Adami ◽  
Carlos Alberto Pattis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Vicia Villosa ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Before And After

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect on forage yield of sowing winter forage species before and after soybean harvest, at different nitrogen application levels. The experiment was set out in a randomized block design with a strip-split plot arrangement, and three replicates. Sowing methods (18 days before soybean harvest and six days after soybean harvest) were allocated in the main plots, and the combination among forage species (Avena strigosa cv. IAPAR 61 + Lolium multiflorum; A. strigosa cv. Comum + L. multiflorum; A. strigosa cv. Comum + L. multiflorum + Vicia villosa; A. strigosa cv. Comum + L. multiflorum + Raphanus sativus; and L. multiflorum) and nitrogen levels (0, 140, 280 and 420 kg ha-1) in the plots and subplots, respectively. Forage sowing before the soybean harvest made it possible to anticipate first grazing by 14 days, with satisfactory establishment of forage species without affecting forage production. This method permitted a longer grazing period, preventing the need for soil disking, besides allowing the use of no-tillage system. The mixture of forage species enables higher forage yield for pasture in relation to single species pastures, with response to nitrogen fertilization up to 360 kg ha-1.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the nutritional status of corn by vegetation indices via aerial images

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aderson Soares de Andrade Junior ◽  
Francisco de Brito Melo ◽  
Edson Alves Bastos ◽  
Milton José Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
Total N ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Random Block Design ◽  
Normalized Difference Index

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study is to determine the vegetation indices (IV) as a means of identifying the nutritional status of corn, with respect to the soil nitrogen and potassium, using the aerial images received through an RGB camera loaded on an unmanned aerial vehicle. The images were obtained for an experiment of the nitrogen levels (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1) and potassium levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1), in the random block design, with a factorial scheme of 4 x 4, having three repetitions. Ten leaves were plucked per plot during the flowering phase to assess the total N (NF) and K+ leaf contents. The Pearson’s correlation analysis, as well as the analyses of variance and regression between the IV and the concentrations of N and K2O. NF, K+ and the grain yield, responded only to the soil N levels. A significant correlation was observed for the indices of Red Index, Normalized Difference Index and Visible Atmospherically Resistant Index with the NF, which endorses them as favorable in identifying the nutritional standing of corn, with respect to the N level. Not even a single one of the indices evaluated could detect the nutritional ranking of corn in the context of the potassium level.

scholarly journals Yield, chemical composition and chlorophyll relative content of Tanzania and Mombaça grasses irrigated and fertilized with nitrogen after corn intercropping

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 728-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Pariz ◽  
M. Andreotti ◽  
A.F. Bergamaschine ◽  
S. Buzetti ◽  
N.R. Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Chlorophyll Index ◽  
Random Block Design ◽  
Red Latosol

It was evaluated the effect of the absence and of application of three nitrogen doses (50, 100 and 200 kg ha-1of N) and four harvest times in the winter/spring season (from July to October) on dry mass yield (DMY), on the relative chlorophyll contents (ICF _ leaf chlorophyll index) and on the contents of total digestible nutrients (TDN), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and lignin, and their respective correlations on Tanzania and Mombaça grasses after intercrop with corn in distroferric red latosol (Oxisol) soil as well. It was used a random block design, in split-plot with four replicates. The greatest DMY occured with the increase of photoperiod (from August), neverthless responses to nitrogen fertilization over cuts difered among the grasses. In an irrigated crop-livestock integration system under cerrado conditions, it is technically feasible the establishment of Tanzania and Mombaça grass intercroped with corn at sowing or if cover nitrogen fertilization is performed because even in the abscence of nitrogen fertilization, great satisfactory quantity of forage was produced, with average DMY of 2,000 kg ha-1 per cut during the highest shortage of roughage for animals (winter/spring). Nitrogen fertilization after corn harvest increases DMY and improves bromatologic composition of the grasses, as contents of chlorophyll and CP in winter/spring is increased, besides the increase of contents of TDN and a reduction on the contents of NDF and ADF until September. Leaf chlorophyll index can be used to estimate the DMY and CP content and as a marker of the need of nitrogen fertilization of Tanzania and Mombaça grasses submitted to cutting.

scholarly journals Increasing selection gain and accuracy of harvest prediction models in Jatropha through genome-wide selection

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano dos Santos ◽  
Erina Vitório Rodrigues ◽  
Bruno Galvêas Laviola ◽  
Larissa Pereira Ribeiro Teodoro ◽  
Paulo Eduardo Teodoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Selection Cycle ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Random Block Design ◽  
Number Of Individuals

AbstractGenome-wide selection (GWS) has been becoming an essential tool in the genetic breeding of long-life species, as it increases the gain per time unit. This study had a hypothesis that GWS is a tool that can decrease the breeding cycle in Jatropha. Our objective was to compare GWS with phenotypic selection in terms of accuracy and efficiency over three harvests. Models were developed throughout the harvests to evaluate their applicability in predicting genetic values in later harvests. For this purpose, 386 individuals of the breeding population obtained from crossings between 42 parents were evaluated. The population was evaluated in random block design, with six replicates over three harvests. The genetic effects of markers were predicted in the population using 811 SNP's markers with call rate = 95% and minor allele frequency (MAF) > 4%. GWS enables gains of 108 to 346% over the phenotypic selection, with a 50% reduction in the selection cycle. This technique has potential for the Jatropha breeding since it allows the accurate obtaining of GEBV and higher efficiency compared to the phenotypic selection by reducing the time necessary to complete the selection cycle. In order to apply GWS in the first harvests, a large number of individuals in the breeding population are needed. In the case of few individuals in the population, it is recommended to perform a larger number of harvests.

scholarly journals Characterization of the effects of macronutrient deficiencies in mangabeira seedlings

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 1235-1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Layara Alexandre Bessa ◽  
Fabiano Guimarães Silva ◽  
Marialva Alvarenga Moreira ◽  
João Paulo Ribeiro Teodoro ◽  
Frederico Antônio Loureiro Soares
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Random Block Design ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hancornia Speciosa

Knowledge of the mineral nutrition requirements of mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) is relatively scarce and rudimentary because there is a lack of consistent data concerning its nutritional demands at different developmental stages. The aim of this research was to characterize the visual symptoms of macronutrient deficiencies and to evaluate the effects of these deficiencies on the growth, the production of dry matter, and the leaf content of mangabeira. To achieve this goal, a greenhouse experiment was conducted at the Goiano Federal Institute (Instituto Federal Goiano) in Rio Verde - GO, from January to June 2011 in which mangabeira plants were arranged in a random block design and grown in nutrient solutions. This experiment was replicated four times. The plants were treated with either a complete nutrient solution or a nutrient solution from which the individual macronutrient of interest (nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), or sulfur (S) had been omitted. The omission of a macronutrient from the nutrient solution resulted in morphological alterations that were characteristic symptoms of the particular nutritional deficiency and caused decreases in growth and dry matter mass production. The accumulation of macronutrients displayed the following order in mangabeira leaves: N>K>Ca>P>S>Mg.

scholarly journals Estimates of genetic gains for growth traits in young plants of Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake

CERNE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Galhardo Godoy ◽  
Sebastião Carlos da Silva Rosado
Keyword(s):  
Quality Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Gains ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Random Block Design ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Dickson Quality Index

The objective of this study was the selection of superior genotypes for growth traits, correlating them to initial height growth in the field, at age eight months. A random block design was used in the nursery, with eight clones, three replicates and four plants per plot. And a random block design was also used in the field, with eight clones, four replicate blocks and nine plants per plot. Data being analyzed in the nursery at age 120 days included: height of field seedling, at age eight months (Hc), height of nursery seedling (Hm), root collar diameter (Dc), shoot diameter (Db), shoot dry matter (PMSPA), root dry matter (PMSR), total dry matter (PMST), ratio of shoot dry matter to root dry matter (PMSPA/PMSR), Dickson quality index of root collar diameter (IQD-Dc), Dickson quality index of shoot diameter (IQD-Db). Analyses of variance showed that significant genetic differences exist among clones for all traits and, given the high heritability values found, the estimated genetic gains were generically very high. As for predicted indirect genetic gain, selection in nursery seedlings for Dc, PMSPA/PMSR, IQD-Dc provided the highest values of indirect gain in field seedling height.

scholarly journals Coffee hull in the diet of dairy heifers: nitrogen balance and microbial protein synthesis

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1141-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Lima de Souza ◽  
Rasmo Garcia ◽  
Luciano da Silva Cabral ◽  
Mara Lúcia Albuquerque Pereira ◽  
Rilene Ferreira Diniz Valadares
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Purine Derivative ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Random Block Design

It was evaluated nitrogen compounds and microbial protein synthesis in heifers fed diets containing coffee hulls (0.0; 8.75; 17.25; and 26.25% of dry matter) replacing ground corn concentrate at the following levels of coffee hulls in the total diet dry matter: 0.0, 3.5, 7.0 or 10.5%. It was used 24 crossbreed heifers (7/8, 15/16 and 31/32 Holstein-Zebu), which were distributed in a random block design made up accordingly to the weight of the animals. Spot samples of urine were colleted aproximatelly four hours after morning feeding and were used to estimate microbial protein synthesis by using urine purine derivatives. It was not observed effect of coffee hull levels in the diet on total nitrogen intake (160 g/day) and nitrogen excretion in the urine (87.4 g/day). The inclusion of coffee hull in the diet linearly increased nitrogen excretion in feces, as well as nitrogen balance. There was linear reduction in urinary excretion of allantoin, in total purine derivative and absorbed purine, which reduced 0.715, 0.873, and 0.954 mmol/day to each coffee hull unity added to the concentrate, respectively. Coffee hull altered microbial protein synthesis, which reduced in 0.687 g/day to each coffee hull unity added to the concentrate. Reduction in microbial protein synthesis can reduce weight gain in heifers fed coffee hulls.

scholarly journals Botanical and mineral composition of dominant wild forages for feeding of dairy goats in Payakumbuh Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 888 (1) ◽  
pp. 012063
Author(s):  
Khalil ◽  
Imana Martaguri
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Field Edge ◽  
Random Block Design ◽  
Highly Correlated

Abstract The objectives of this study were (i) to identify the diversity of forages that are usually consumed or fed to the dairy goats, (ii) to assess the mineral composition of dominant forages concerning the soil mineral status of growing areas. Eight dairy goat farms surveyed and collected forage samples to define the diversity and dominant forages used to feed the goat. Samples of three dominant forages (Asystasia gangetica, Axonopus compressus, and Panicum maximum) and soils were then collected in five different areas where the farmers usually derived the forages (banana plantation, idle lands, riverbanks, roadside, and rice field edge). Plant samples were collected by using a plate meter used for the calculation of botanical composition. Fresh samples were then chopped, dried, and then ground in meal form before analysis for dry matter (DM), and minerals of Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, and S. The same minerals were analyzed for soil samples. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) in a completely randomized design of 5x3 consisting of 3 plant species and five growing areas as replications. Data were statistically analyzed using correlation and variance analysis in Random Block Design (RBD). Results showed of the total about 45 types of plants commonly consumed by goats, there were three dominant species, i.e., P. maximum (38.60%), A. gangetica (24.23%), and A. compressus (17.23%). The Ca content of forages highly correlated with the Ca in the soils, while magnesium in the forage was negatively correlated with the magnesium in the soil. It was concluded that the dominant forages were found a good source of Ca and Mg but deficient phosphorus.

scholarly journals Green ear yield and grain yield of maize after harvest of the first ear as baby corn

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Sérgio L e Silva ◽  
Paulo Igor B e Silva ◽  
Ana Karenina F de Sousa ◽  
Kamila M Gurgel ◽  
Israel A Pereira Filho
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Female Inflorescence ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Random Block Design ◽  
Corn Grain

Baby corn (BC) consists of the corn ear harvested two or three days after silk emergence. BC is a profitable crop, making possible a diversification of production, aggregation of value and increased income. Removing the first female inflorescence induces corn to produce others, making possible to produce several BC ears or, alternatively, BC (by harvesting the first ear) and green ears or grain. The objective of this work was to evaluate green ear yield and grain yield, after harvesting the first ear as BC. Corn cultivar AG 1051 was submitted to the following treatments, in a random block design with ten replicates (52 plants per plot): BC harvesting; green ear harvesting (grain moisture content between 60 and 70%); mature ear harvesting; BC harvesting and harvesting of other ears as green or mature ears. Marketable green ears yield or grain yield produced without removing the first inflorescence were superior to the green ears yield or grain yield produced after removal of the first inflorescence harvested as baby corn. Harvesting only the first ear as baby corn, and then harvesting green ears or the mature ears, provided lower baby corn yields than that obtained by harvesting all ears as baby corn. Economically, the best net revenues would be obtained by exploring the crop for the production of green ears, green ears + baby corn, baby corn, baby corn + grain, and grain, in this order.

scholarly journals DISSOLUTION PROFILE OF AMBROXOL HCl TABLET WITH ADDITIONAL VARIATIONS OF LUDIPRESS® AND LACTOSE USING THE DIRECT PRESS METHOD

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
RESMI MUSTARICHIE ◽  
DOLIH GOZALI ◽  
DRADJAD PRIAMBODO
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dissolution Profile ◽  
Dissolution Test ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Pressing Method ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Random Block Design

Objective: The drug will provide a therapeutic effect when dissolved so that it is easily absorbed. The process of dissolving drugs is called dissolution. Additional substances contained in pharmaceutical preparations, one of which serves to accelerate the solubility of active substances. The aim of this study was to obtain a comparative composition of Ludipress® and lactose additives suitable for producing ambroxol HCl tablets that met the ambroxol acceleration ambroxol in the body. Methods: Ambroxol HCl tablets were made by direct pressing method. For research purposes, 4 formulas with variations of Ludipress® and Lactose were designed. The tablet was then evaluated, which includes uniformity in weight, diameter, thickness, hardness, friability, disintegration time, and dissolution. Data obtained in the analysis using the perfect random block design method (DBAS) with α = 0.05 where blocks and groups were used. Results: From the results of the Mass Printing Evaluation of Tablets, it was found that the four formulas that were designed met the resting angle, flow rate, real density, compressed density, and compressibility met existing requirements. The results of evaluation tablets, which included uniformity of weight, uniformity of size, hardness, friability, disintegration time, and dissolution test, were found that only F1 formula did not meet uniformity requirements. All four formulas meet the Indonesian pharmacopeia requirements for time of violence, fragility and disintegration. The dissolution test results showed that in the 45-minute test each percent dissolved concentration of the active substance for F1, F2, F3, and F4 was 58.77974, 66.91104, 80.09946, and 64.02293 suggesting only the F3 formula fulfilled the dissolution requirements according to European Pharmacopoeia which stated that the concentration of dissolved active tablets should not be less than 75% during the 45-minute test. Conclusion: The formula that met the solubility requirements consisted of an additional 69% Ludipress® and 10% lactose with a solubility value of 80.09%.

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