scholarly journals A Proposed Credit Risk Assessment for People at the Bottom of the Social Pyramid in Cali, Colombia

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Juan Acevedo ◽  
Lina Martínez

The informal economy accounts for half of the economic activity in Colombia. Street vending is a major part of the informal sector. In the context of a rapid urbanization due to internal conflicts, low skilled workers find a last resort for income generation as street vendors. Even though studies have revealed that street vendors can have high profits, they usually remain poor. A primary reason is their continuous indebtedness outside the regulated financial market. This paper proposes a comprehensive questionnaire survey on the socioeconomic profile of street vendors. This tool can be used to assess the individual credit risk and incentivize the financial inclusion of the poor. It can also be used for evaluation processes by the government or impact investors.

Author(s):  
Isaac Kofi Biney

This chapter explores media promotion of lifelong learning among street vendors in Ghana. It looks at conceptual frameworks underpinning street vending and the relevance of media in empowering street vendors. It also examines challenges involved in street vending and strategies in integrating street vending into the formal sector of the economy of Ghana. The contributions of media in empowering street vendors and learning as a process of lifelong learning fashion are also discussed. Issues emerging from street vending and recommendations are discussed. The chapter concludes that the Government of Ghana should develop all-inclusive business policy to accelerate formalization of informal enterprises. Street vendors should also build strong front, and leadership, to foster effective collaboration and partnership with media houses to aid in deepening lifelong learning drive in Ghana.


2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 1350012 ◽  
Author(s):  
OLABISI SHERIFAT YUSUFF

Despite the significant contributions of women in economic development nationally, the unrecognized attitude of the government, lack of existing legal framework and policies, vagaries of informal economy and changes in the social–economic landscape have accounted largely for the closure of female enterprises in the informal economy. Using Yoruba female textile traders as a case study because these women have broken the "glass ceiling" and made a success of their textile trading, this paper examined the dynamics of entry and motivations of Yoruba women in textile trading. The paper synthesized Social Capital Theory by Coleman and Social Action Theory by Max Weber to explain the issue. It utilized a qualitative method of data collection. Eight focus group discussions and forty in-depth interviews were used to collect information from the women participants who were purposively chosen. The data reveal that parents, family/kinship members and friends had great influence in the strategic entry of women into textile trading in the Balogun market and the subsequent development of women's entrepreneurial activities. Yoruba female textile traders were motivated into textile trading because of economic and cultural values attached to the trade. This data is essential toward policy formulation for women's entrepreneurial development in the informal economy. This paper argues that any policies implemented for women entrepreneurs in the informal economy must be conceived, formulated and implemented with an in-depth understanding of the nuanced elements in the cultural domain within the social system, which the existing literature has yet to capture.


2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Mas'udi Mas'udi

<p>In the process of development, learning system applied at STAIN<br />Kudus is fully geared to the transformation towards the archetypes that have<br />been constituted. In the constitution of science that will be developed, the<br />Islamic perspective on Transformative is the bedrock of scientific development<br />which is formulated.<br />Based on some of the policies that have been formulated by the government,<br />the process of defining the curriculum in an institution is required to have its<br />application into the system that has been set. In this case, the application of<br />curriculum system applied by STAIN Kudus have it’s completely to the provisions<br />of the governance system that has been set.<br />From the formulation of this research can be revealed that the philosophical<br />foundation of evaluation developed at STAIN Kudus designed completely rely<br />upon the Principal Scientific Pattern set. Transformation effort from text to<br />context, the individual to the social, from the theoretical to the practical area<br />became the basis locomotive for STAIN Kudus curriculum development</p>


Author(s):  
Lei Zhou ◽  
Liyang Xiong

Village resettlement communities (VRCs) are a special type of urban community that the government has promoted considerably during China’s rapid urbanization. This study uses the theory of the production of space as a basis to explore the processes and mechanisms of the physical and social space evolution of VRCs through a case study of Qunyi Community, one of the largest VRCs in Kunshan. Questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were employed in this study. Results indicate that the coupling relationship between local government power and diversified capital is the fundamental reason that promotes the production of macrophysical space. Moreover, the economic and social relationships among residents promote the reproduction of microsocial space. Landless farmers are the most important spatial producers in the microsocial space. The individual needs and cultural differences of immigrant workers also have significant effects on microspatial production. Furthermore, the production and reproduction of the physical and social spaces, respectively, of VRCs deduce the adjustment relationship among the urbanization processes of land, population, and individuals. Results also indicate that the urbanization of individuals appears to lag behind the previous two processes. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the spatial renovation and management optimization of VRCs, as well as the promotion of a new type of “people-centered” urbanization.


2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIELLE VAN DEN HEUVEL

AbstractStreet vending was a common feature in many towns in early modern Europe. However, peddlers and hawkers often operated outside the official framework, lacking permission from governments and guilds. The impact of their informal status has hitherto not featured very extensively in historical studies. This article assesses the impact of policing of street vendors by looking at familiar source materials in a new way. Rather than solely focusing on those people who were ultimately punished, this article investigates the full process of policing and prosecution of street traders in eighteenth-century Dutch towns. It exposes that apart from those receiving a formal punishment, many more traders could suffer from policing activities, and that particular groups of street vendors were more vulnerable than others due to the specific dynamics of local power relations. As such, this article provides new insights into policing and social control, while also offering wider lessons for our understanding of the relationship between the formal and informal economy in pre-industrial Europe.


2011 ◽  
Vol 328-330 ◽  
pp. 751-754
Author(s):  
Li Ping Liu ◽  
Ti Jun Fan ◽  
Hai Yang Xia

This paper research on how hazardous chemicals transportation provider optimal transportation solution supposed transportation risk (i.e. releasing of chlorine) may happen in the process of transportation. If the government attaches much importance to environment protection and pushes severe punishment on environment pollution, the hazardous chemicals transportation provider should consider two goals together: minimizing the individual transportation cost and minimizing the social transportation cost. Then this paper develops a goal programming model which contains two goals for the problem. Which goal is important will affect the objective function of this model. Through discussion on importance compare of two goals, this paper believes that government policy is very important to inspirit hazardous chemicals transportation providers complying with laws and protecting environment.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rinto Hasiholan Hutapea

This paper examines the problem of the dynamics of living conditions of Muslim street vendors in the midst of a Christian majority community in Kupang city. Muslim street vendors in question is a seller of green bean porridge along the road El Tari Kupang city. The research findings show that the root of the problem experienced by Muslim street vendors is the social jealousy shown by the Christian street vendors who are also along the road of El Tari Kupang city. This social jealousy occurs because Christian street vendors see that Muslim street vendors are more successful and successful than they are. Social jealousy extends to racial, ethnic, and religious issues. So that affects the problem of tolerance and harmony of religious people. This research is qualitative. The method used is case study. Data were collected by using in-depth interview technique, observation, and literature study. The conclusion in this study is that Muslim street vendors who previously experienced anxiety and inconvenience in trade, now become comfortable and not experiencing conflict again. Problems and conflicts can be overcome when the government, religious leaders, and the community perform their role well in realizing the harmony and harmony of religious communities.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 943
Author(s):  
Abdul Hariss ◽  
Nur Fauzia

A person with a disability has the right to be treated the same as other human legal subjects. Therefore, the government is obliged to realize the rights listed in the convention, using laws and regulations, including how to fulfill the rights of persons with disabilities in every aspect of life such as: a decent living, education, health and so on, just like humans who live with disabilities. other normal. An autistic person or what in psychological terms is called autism, is included in the category of a person with a mental disability. A person is said to be autistic if he experiences abnormalities in carrying out a legal act, development in terms of the quality of the ability to carry out social and emotional relationships in the social environment of the community. A person is said to have autism, namely someone who has a special character in people generally not by showing mental (psychic), emotional (affective) or physical (physical) disabilities. The word autism, namely "auto" means everything that is directed at the individual. According to information that is not difficult to understand, autism is an abnormality in the brain that causes a decrease or loss of a person's ability to communicate, relate to others and respond to the environment or environment.


Author(s):  
Yuliya Viktorovna Paukova

The subject of this research is the legislative provisions on undesirability stay (residence) of foreign citizens and stateless persons in Russia, as well as the established law enforcement practice. The object this research is the social relations developed in the process of rendering decisions by the federal executive authorities on undesirability of stay (residence) and their enforcement. The goal of this work consists in formulation of recommendations on reforming the institution of undesirability of stay (residence) of foreign citizens and stateless persons in Russia in the conditions of digitalization of the government actions. The article examines the grounds for making decisions on undesirability of stay (residence) of foreign citizens in Russia, the powers of the departments, and the consequences of decisions made on foreign citizens and stateless persons. Substantiation is made on the need for changes in the grounds for decision-making on undesirability of stay (residence) of foreign citizens in Russia. The author proposes the development and implementation of the &ldquo;Automated System of Migration Control&rdquo; using the advanced computer technologies based on the &ldquo;rating&rdquo; of a foreign citizen or stateless person. Such system will determine the period for restricting entry with consideration of all circumstances pertaining to the individual and crimes they committed. It is recommended to legislate the possibility of annulment of a decision on undesirability of stay (if the grounds thereof no longer exist) or suspension (if, for example, a stateless person has been issued a &ldquo;temporary identification document of a stateless person&rdquo;).


Author(s):  
Dr. N. Parameshwara

<div><p><em>Women in India are approximately about out half of the population, they have been the weakest of the weaker sections which have been the most exploited in every field and in all sectors .Women in have been the most abused and have been undergone a various types of hardships in their everyday life.  Even though the government of India have been implemented some of policies implemented as their social security not many of them have come to reality. The women domestic workers in India are the unorganized group who strived to make their living without any life security and are in the vital situations in their social life. Over the last few years, studies on domestic life security in India have noted the increase in the numbers of migrant female domestic workers in the cities. They have also observed that domestic work is highly informal in its organization and tinted the vulnerabilities of domestic workers who belong to the poorer and uneducated sections of society. These studies also note that women from <strong>marginalized castes</strong> form a substantive group of domestic workers (Kaur 2006; Neetha 2004 and 2008). Domestic workers form a significant part of this informal economy which is unorganised. Despite the fact, domestic workers, constitute a crushing 90% of this unorganized labor force in India, they have always been <strong>marginalized</strong> as the unorganised sector. Whether they work part time, full day or as live in workers, they are forced to put up with various indignities, in the privacy of the households they work in. This part of my paper constitutes the study of Domestic workers in the Bangalore city is significant aspect due to its urban development process and women domestic have found to be the most wanted.  Domestic workers, an estimated <strong>4 lakhs</strong> in <strong>Bangalore City</strong> work under illogical rules, are largely unskilled and illiterate. For years, women have been doing the drudgery of washing, cleaning, cooking and all menial tasks in other households for their own survival. Long hours of work, years of toil often with no living wage, no rest or recreation, sexual harassment, abuse of their dignity, untouchability, often treated callously are the story of their lives. The conditions of lakhs of child women domestic workers, the 24 hours live in workers, are even more exploitative and obnoxious. There have been many cases of rape and murder, horror tales of children being beaten, locked in bathrooms, bitten and burnt by employers. In my paper I have highlight some of the vital incidents where women have been facing and also the government policies and programmes and polices in the women empowerment in the social sector.</em></p></div>


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