scholarly journals Seminatural silviculture in Southwest Germany

1997 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 715-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Spathelf
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Development Pattern ◽  
Timber Production ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Certification Process ◽  
Silvicultural System ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Southwest Germany

A brief historical overview shows the mainstream development pattern in German silviculture and outlines the adjacent role of naturally-oriented silviculture. The rationale for seminatural silviculture is discussed with reference to its ecological and economical aspects. Elements of seminatural silviculture of the Baden-Württemberg-concept are introduced. This concept is not purely a preservation strategy, but recognises the importance of timber production. Some aspects of selection forests, such as the special case of uneven-aged forests with a long tradition in Southwest Germany, are mentioned. As there are still a lot of even-aged (pure) forests in Southwest Germany, transformation strategies towards uneven-aged mixed forests are shown with the aid of some examples.Criteria and indicators for seminatural silviculture which have to be developed on a regional or local scale, can be used as a basis for establishing a certification process for Southwest German forests. Seminatural silviculture is suited as a rational and integrating silvicultural system to fulfil future requirements on forests in a dynamically changing world. Key words: seminatural silviculture, selection forests, transformation strategies, indicators of seminatural silviculture

THE ROLE OF COMMUNICATIVE AND FUNCTIONAL APPROACH IN THE TRANSLATION OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL LITERATURE (Ukrainian — German discourse)

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (27) ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
Svitlana Gruschko
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
Communication Structure ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
Translation Strategy ◽  
Purposeful Activity

The article investigates the role of communicative-functional approach in the translation of scientific and technical literature, when the translation itself is seen as a tool to accomplish purposeful activity of communicators, representatives of different interlingual groups. In practical terms, the difficulties of translating scientific and technical texts are due to the peculiarities of scientific style, insufficient understanding of the terminology of a particular field of knowledge, which complicates the choice of adequate translation solutions. In this context, an important role is played by the translation strategy, where the communicativefunctional approach dominates. The translation is implicitly included in the communication structure between the author and the recipient. The relevance of the article is determined by the necessity of studying the problems of scientific and technical literature translation, taking into account the current realities of interlanguage information exchange. Key words: communicative-functional approach, interlingual communication, translation, structure

INTERPRETATIONAL FIELD OF THE CONCEPT “WOMAN” IN ENGLISH AND KYRGYZ LINGUOCULTURES

2019 ◽  
pp. 54-56
Author(s):  
Баяманова М.С.
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Lexical Unit ◽  
Semantic Fields ◽  
Field Culture

Summary: The article deals with the analysis of the interpretational field of the basic lexical units which represent the meaning of the concept “woman” in English and Kyrgyz languages and cultures. Comparative – contrastive analytical data of the most frequently used in both languages variants of the interpretation of the concept “woman” have been given. The semantic fields of nuclear and nearnuclear meanings of the lexical units, transforming the notion of “woman” in English and Kyrgyz languages and also the place and role of these notions in cultures and philosophy of the nations on the basis of mentality and traditional values have been studied and described. The situations of the use of this or that variant of the meaning of lexical unit. A comparative study of the definitions of the word “woman’ in English and Kyrgyz languages have been given. Key words: concept, woman, interpretational field, notion, definition, semantic field, culture, language, linguoculture, transformation Аннотация: В статье рассматриваются интерпретационные поля основных лексических единиц, репрезентирующих значение концепта «женщина» в английской и кыргызской лингвокультурах. Приводятся сравнительно-сопоставительные аналитические данные наиболее употребительных в речи обоих языков вариантов интерпретации концепта «женщина». Изучены и описаны семантические поля ядерных и околоядерных значений лексических единиц, трансформирующих понятие «женщина» в английском и кыргызском языке, а также роль и место этих понятий в культурах и философии народов на основе менталитета и традиционных ценностей. Приводятся ситуации использования того или ино- го варианта значения лексической единицы, проведено сравнительное изучение определений слова «женщина» в английском и кыргызском языках. Ключевые слова: концепт, женщина, интерпретационное поле, понятие, определение, семантическое поле, культура, язык, лингвокультура, трансформация Аннотация: Макалада англис жана кыргыз тилдеринде жана маданияттарында «аял» концептинин маанисин репрезентациалаган негизги лексикалык бирдиктер каралат. «Аял» концептин эки тилдеги кѳп колдонулуучу интерпретациялоо варианттарынын аналитикалык салыштырма маалыматтары изил- делип берилген. Англис жана кыргыз тилдеринде «аял» түшүнүгүн трансформациялаган лексикалык бирдиктердин түп нуска жана ага жакындашкан маанилери иликтелип каралган. Берилген түшүнүктѳрдүн элдик философиясында жана маданиятында, менталитеттин жана салттын негизинде эл арасына кеӊири тараган, элдик тилде жана маданиятта ойногон ролу менен орду чагылдырылган. Ар түрдү ситацияларда колдонулуучу тиги же бул лексикалык бирдиктердин маанисинин варианттары каралган, «аял» деген сѳздун англис жана кыргыз тилдериндеги түшүндүрмѳлѳрү салыштырылып изилделген. Түйүндүү сѳздѳр: концепт, аял, интерпретациялоо мейкиндиги, түшүнүк, түшүндүрмѳ, семантикалык чѳйрѳ, маданият, тил, лингвомаданият, трансформациялоо

Creativity in Sociocultural Systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 269-284
Author(s):  
Dean Keith Simonton
Keyword(s):  
Macro Level ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Sociocultural Systems

Although psychologists typically see creativity as an individual-level event, sociologists and cultural anthropologists are more likely to view it as a sociocultural phenomenon. This phenomenon takes place at the level of relatively large and enduring collectives, such as cultures, nations, and even whole civilizations. This chapter reviews the extensive research on such macro-level creativity. The review begins with a historical overview before turning to the cross-sectional research on the creative Ortgeist, a subject that encompasses the factors that influence the relative creativity of both preliterate cultures and entire modern nations. From there the chapter turns to role of the Zeitgeist in affecting the creativity of civilizations across time—the rise and fall of creative activity. This research examines both quantitative and qualitative causes that operate both short- and long-term.

scholarly journals Academic policy advice in consensus-seeking countries: the cases of Belgium and Germany

2019 ◽  
pp. 002085231987878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valérie Pattyn ◽  
Sonja Blum ◽  
Ellen Fobé ◽  
Mirjam Pekar-Milicevic ◽  
Marleen Brans
Keyword(s):  
Academic Research ◽  
Policy Advice ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Common Trends ◽  
Policy Advisory Systems ◽  
Academic Policy ◽  
Advisory Systems ◽  
The Government ◽  
Special Case

Research on policy-advisory systems worldwide has shown that historically dominant sources of advice traditionally located in-house to the government have been increasingly supplemented by other actors and outside knowledge. However, the vast majority of research has concentrated on the anglophone context. Yet, countries with a consensus-seeking, neo-corporatist tradition provide a special case in terms of policy advice and merit more scholarly attention. What counts as evidence in these countries is the expert rationality of institutional representatives. The position and role of academic research in consensus-based systems is unclear, and is the focus of this article. Can we observe commonalities across consensus-style countries, or do differences prevail? We investigate two typical consensus-seeking countries: Belgium and Germany. To examine the supply side of policy advice, the article reviews current evidence regarding their policy-advisory systems. For the demand side, we present insights from a survey among federal ministerial officials. We find common trends between the two cases but their nature and extent are idiosyncratic. In Belgium, the supply of and demand for academic policy advice is comparatively lower, while the German case exhibits more change in the advisory landscape and institutionalisation of the supply of and demand for academic research. Points for practitioners   • Countries with a consensus-seeking, neo-corporatist tradition provide a special case in terms of policy advice.   • The findings suggest that there are common trends but their nature and extent are idiosyncratic.   • In Belgium, the supply of and demand for academic advice is comparatively lower.   • Germany’s policy-advisory landscape exhibits more change and institutionalisation of the supply of and demand for academic research.

scholarly journals Arthropod community structure in pastures of an island archipelago (Azores): looking for local–regional species richness patterns at fine-scales

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A.V. Borges ◽  
V.K. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Local Species Richness ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Arthropod Species ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Local Species ◽  
Richness Patterns

AbstractThe arthropod species richness of pastures in three Azorean islands was used to examine the relationship between local and regional species richness over two years. Two groups of arthropods, spiders and sucking insects, representing two functionally different but common groups of pasture invertebrates were investigated. The local–regional species richness relationship was assessed over relatively fine scales: quadrats (= local scale) and within pastures (= regional scale). Mean plot species richness was used as a measure of local species richness (= α diversity) and regional species richness was estimated at the pasture level (= γ diversity) with the ‘first-order-Jackknife’ estimator. Three related issues were addressed: (i) the role of estimated regional species richness and variables operating at the local scale (vegetation structure and diversity) in determining local species richness; (ii) quantification of the relative contributions of α and β diversity to regional diversity using additive partitioning; and (iii) the occurrence of consistent patterns in different years by analysing independently between-year data. Species assemblages of spiders were saturated at the local scale (similar local species richness and increasing β-diversity in richer regions) and were more dependent on vegetational structure than regional species richness. Sucking insect herbivores, by contrast, exhibited a linear relationship between local and regional species richness, consistent with the proportional sampling model. The patterns were consistent between years. These results imply that for spiders local processes are important, with assemblages in a particular patch being constrained by habitat structure. In contrast, for sucking insects, local processes may be insignificant in structuring communities.

scholarly journals RATIONAL LOCAL SYSTEMS AND CONNECTED FINITE LOOP SPACES

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
DREW HEARD
Keyword(s):  
Lie Group ◽  
Loop Space ◽  
Algebraic Model ◽  
Compact Lie Group ◽  
Loop Spaces ◽  
Local Systems ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Finite Loop ◽  
Finite Loop Space

Abstract Greenlees has conjectured that the rational stable equivariant homotopy category of a compact Lie group always has an algebraic model. Based on this idea, we show that the category of rational local systems on a connected finite loop space always has a simple algebraic model. When the loop space arises from a connected compact Lie group, this recovers a special case of a result of Pol and Williamson about rational cofree G-spectra. More generally, we show that if K is a closed subgroup of a compact Lie group G such that the Weyl group W G K is connected, then a certain category of rational G-spectra “at K” has an algebraic model. For example, when K is the trivial group, this is just the category of rational cofree G-spectra, and this recovers the aforementioned result. Throughout, we pay careful attention to the role of torsion and complete categories.

scholarly journals History and theory of Scripture translations

2008 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole
Keyword(s):  
Frames Of Reference ◽  
Functional Equivalence ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Christian Communities ◽  
Bible Translation ◽  
Bible Translations ◽  
The Bible ◽  
History And Theory

This article argues for the importance of Bible translations through its historical achievements and theoretical frames of reference. The missionary expansion of Christianity owes its very being to translations. The early Christian communities knew the Bible through the LXX translations while churches today still continue to use various translations. Translations shape Scripture interpretations, especially when a given interpretation depends on a particular translation. A particular interpretation can also influence a given translation. The article shows how translation theories have been developed to clarify and how the transaction source-target is culturally handled. The articles discuss some of these “theoretical frames”, namely the functional equivalence, relevance, literary functional equivalence and intercultural mediation. By means of a historical overview and a reflection on Bible translation theories the article aims to focus on the role of Africa in translation history.

Persisting demibivalents: a unique meiotic behaviour in Cuscuta babylonica Choisy

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Batia Pazy ◽  
Uzi Plitmann
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
Meiotic Behaviour ◽  
Chromosome Behaviour ◽  
Chromosome Movement ◽  
Pollen Mother Cells ◽  
Key Words Meiosis ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
Telomeric Association

Idiosyncratic chromosome behaviour during meiosis was found in pollen mother cells of Cuscuta babylonica Choisy, a thread-like holoparasitic herb. Its main features are among the following: (i) telomeric association between homologues through most stages of the process, which leads to persisting chromatid bivalents (= "demibivalents"); (ii) uncommon chromosome segregation in first and second anaphase; and (iii) prolonged intensified heterochromatinization. Although "regular" in its own way, this process leads to the formation of unviable products. Its further investigation might contribute to our understanding of the role of the spindle and chromosome movement in the ordinary process of meiosis. Key words: meiosis (abnormal), persisting demibivalents, Cuscuta babylonica.

scholarly journals Response to governmental COVID-19 restrictions: the role of informal institutions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Bentkowska
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Informal Institutions ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Formal Rules

Abstract This paper explains how informal institutions influence the reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic and the response to formal restrictions. I claim that it is not enough to introduce countermeasures, as individuals must follow them if they are to be effective. The acceptance of such measures is reflected in individuals' degrees of mobility decrease and contact reduction, the aims of governmental restrictions. I identify a group of attitudes connected with individuals' responses that differ across countries. They are associated with social relations and approaches to dealing with problems. The analysis confirms that formal restrictions can be seen as successful only if they are supported by strong informal institutions. In some cases, they even define individuals' reactions more than formal recommendations. The findings are useful not only for explaining the special case of reaction to pandemic restrictions but also for investigating what generally determines individuals' compliance with formal rules.

Extase scopique, sédimentation langagičre et inscription corporelle. Les images dans la civilisation contemporaine

PARADIGMI ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 71-83
Author(s):  
Jean-Jacques Wunenburger
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Image Informatics

- Linguistic Sedimentation, and Bodily Inscription At present, we are exposed to an excessive offer of images, which raises a problem of assimilation. Subjects are increasingly passive, in ways that can border on pathological conditions. Yet, it is not so much a question of condemning this situation as of finding a way of re-symbolizing images, saving them from mere contemplation and inserting them in a process of contextualisation. Such a process requires an understanding of the role of the body and of the incorporation of images along the lines of Bachelard's intuition of the "resisting" nature of images. This raises the possibility of an education to images suited to the present age.Key words: Alienation, Education, Embodiment, Image, Informatics, Symbolisation.Parole chiave: Alienazione, Educazione, Immagine, Incorporazione, Informatica, Simbolizzazione.

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