scholarly journals Effect of rotation system on irrigated potato crop

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-115
Author(s):  
Bayarmagnai Tsetsegmaa ◽  
Khishigbuyan Turbat ◽  
Enkhbold Bataa ◽  
Nyamjav Surenjav
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Special Effect ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Average Precipitation ◽  
Field Rotation ◽  
High Yields

In our country average precipitation is annually 250-300 mm, and when we assuming that we need 47.6-43.0 mm precipitation for getting 1 tons of potato and thus means it is sufficient for 6-7tons  yield For more yield use irrigation systems to provide the fields with enough water and humidity is important issue. Cultivation using rotation is not only for producing high yields but also it is important for stabilizing and improving the soil fertility like the first condition of the soil. Irrigated potato fields have a special effect on reducing diseases and increasing yields, lengthening the rotation in the crop rotation sector, increasing the crop structure in rotation, and the use of alternating green manure. The 3-field rotation with green manure has a total yield of 32.0 t / ha, which is 5.4-14.2 t / ha higher than other crop rotations, and the standard yield is 95.7 percent, which is 0.6-5.9 percent higher than other crop rotations.   Усалгаатай талбайн төмсний ургацад сэлгээний нөлөө Манай орны хувьд жилд дунджаар 250-300 мм хур тунадас ордог бөгөөд 1 тонн төмс авахад 40.0-50.0 мм хур тунадас орох шаардлагатай гэж үзвэл 6-7 тонн ургац авахад хангалттай гэсэн үг юм.[3] Илүү их ургац авахын тулд тариалангийн талбайг хангалттай хэмжээний ус, чийгээр хангахын тулд усалгааны системийг ашиглах нь чухал асуудал юм. Ээлжлэн тариалалт хийх нь ургац нэмэгдүүлэхээс гадна хөрснийг хамгаалах, хөрсний үржил шимийг тогтворжуулах, сайжруулахад чухал ач холбогдолтой юм. Усалгаатай төмсний талбайд өвчлөлийг бууруулж, ургацыг нэмэгдүүлэхэд ээлжлэн тариалалтын эргэлтийг уртасгах, сэлгээнд байгаа таримлын бүтцийг нэмэгдүүлэх мөн сэлгээд ногоон бордуурт уринш хэрэглэх нь онцгой нөлөөтэй. Ногоон бордуурт уринш оролцсон 3-талбайт сэлгээ нь нийт ургац 32.0 т/га байж бусад сэлгээний хувилбараас 5.4-14.2 т/га илүү,  стандарт ургацын эзлэх хувь 95.7 хувь байж бусад ээлжлэн тариалах  хувилбарт 0.6-5.9 хувиар давуу байна.  Түлхүүр үг: сэлгээ, төмс, ургац, өвчин, ногоон бордуурт  

The efficiency of the crop rotations with short rotation with different levels of their saturation of cereals and crops in the conditions of Western Forest-Steppe

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (92) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
R. Holod ◽  
О. Bilinska ◽  
H. Shubala
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Soil Water Regime ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Arable Farming ◽  
Green Manure Crops

There were analyzed and disclosed the basic components of arable farming systems and their Meaning, the current state and scientific principles in the context of the further development of field crop cultivation in the conditions of Western Forest-Steppe. The purpose of research. To study an effect of alternation of crop in crop rotation in conditions of brief rotation on the soil water regime, productivity and economic efficiency. Methods. Field, laboratory, comparative and analytical. Results. The results of researches on study of productivity of four-field crop rotations with short rotation depending on their saturation by the grain and tilled cultures, of various use of mineral fertilizers, green manure crops and collateral products which were conducted during 2014-2015 in the stationary experiment of the scientific and technological department of plant growing and arable farming, of the TDSGDS of the IKSGP of NAAN are resulted In the article. The elements of the biologization of farming are the basis of our development of crop rotations with short rotation. The study of the effect of green manure crops and collateral products in four-field crop rotations with a different set of crops on the change of soil fertility and productivity of crop rotations as a whole was carried out to this purpose. According to the results of the research, is provided the information on the effectiveness of improving the field crop rotations with short rotation with varying degrees of saturation by grain and tilled crops, that ensure the production of environmentally friendly products, reducing the cost of grain, improving the quality of marketable products. The study of the effect of alternation of crop in crop rotation in conditions of brief rotation on the soil water regime, productivity and economic efficiency showed that an increase in crop rotation productivity is observed in short-rotation crop rotations, if they are saturated by grain crops up to 100%, cereals crops reduction to 50% in crop rotations contributes to a decrease in crop productivity. Conclusion. Thus, the results of the research showed that with the correct construction of short rotational crop rotations, such problems as rational use of nutrients and soil moisture, control of weeds and pests of agricultural crops, improvement of the physical and chemical properties of the soil, increased efficiency in the use of fertilizers and equipment, Cheapening of the received agricultural product may be solved.

The effects of the growth-regulating compounds methyl decanoate and 2, 3, 5-triiodobenzoic acid on potato tuber size

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-255
Author(s):  
D. C. E. Wurr
Keyword(s):  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Tuber Size ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Triiodobenzoic Acid ◽  
Tuber Size Distribution ◽  
Methyl Decanoate

SummaryApplication of methyl decanoate to a potato crop about the time of tuber initiation reduced the total yield and the yield of tubers in the grade 2·5–5·5 cm though neither of these reductions were significant. However, application of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid increased the yield of tubers 2·5–5·5 cm by up to 20% while having no significant effect on total tuber yield. This change in the tuber size distribution was due to a more even partition of photosynthate between tubers and not to an increase in the total number of tubers.

scholarly journals Improvement of crop rotations aimed at increasing their efficiency and conserving soil fertility in conditions of biological intensification

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-477
Author(s):  
L. M. Kozlova ◽  
E. N. Noskova ◽  
F. A. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
Perennial Legume ◽  
Bare Fallow

The long-term research conducted in 2002-2017 in a long stationary experiment on studying different types of field crop rotations under conditions of the Kirov region showed that on sod-podzolic soils the loss of humus could be lowered using agro technical methods. The most critical of them include the reduction of a portion of bare fallow, transition to sown and green-manure fallow, expanded use of perennial legume and grain-legume crops and intercrop sowings. In eight-field crop rotations when using such means of a biologization as plowing of the root-stubble residues, aboveground mass of green-manure crops in fallow fields and intercrop sowings, the supply of organic substance was within 17.24-83.03 t/ha. By mineral-ization of this substance 7.64-11.51 t of humus were produced. In a crop rotation with bare fallow there is a negative balance of humus of -0.06 t/ha. The positive balance is obtained when using sown, green-manure fallows, intercrop sowings (two-three fields), and introduction of up to 25% perennial legumes to the structure of crop rotations. The formation of 0.96-1.44 t/ha of humus in the arable layer provides positive balance of 0.20-0.72 t/ha. The increase of the part of grain crops up to 62.5-75.0% in the structure of crop rotations resulted in rise of their efficiency up to 4.74-4.79 thousand fodder units. It was 0.27-0.32 thousand fodder units higher than in the control crop rotation with bare fallow. Dependence of productivity of agricultural crops on humus content was insignificantly negative (r = -0.16). The efficiency of the studied crop rotations depended considerably on the amount of productive moisture in the soil in a phase of ear formation of grain crops (r = -0.78) and on biological activity of the soil (r = -0.80).

scholarly journals Use of Crop Rotations, Cover Crops and Green Manures for Disease Suppression in Potato Cropping Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 153-168
Author(s):  
Robert P. Larkin
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Rotation Crops

Crop rotations and the inclusion of cover crops and green manures are primary tools in the sustainable management of soil-borne diseases in crop production systems. Crop rotations can reduce soil-borne disease through three general mechanisms: (1) serving as a break in the host-pathogen cycle; (2) by altering the soil physical, chemical, or biological characteristics to stimulate microbial activity and diversity; or (3) directly inhibiting pathogens through the release of suppressive or toxic compounds or the enhancement of specific antagonists. Brassicas, sudangrass, and related plant types are disease-suppressive crops well-known for their biofumigation potential but also have other effects on soil microbiology that are important in disease suppression. The efficacy of rotations for reducing soil-borne diseases is dependent on several factors, including crop type, rotation length, rotation sequence, and use of the crop (as full-season rotation, cover crop, or green manure). Years of field research with Brassica and non-Brassica rotation crops in potato cropping systems in Maine have documented the efficacy of Brassica green manures for the reduction of multiple soil-borne diseases. However, they have also indicated that these crops can provide disease control even when not incorporated as green manures and that other non-biofumigant crops (such as barley, ryegrass, and buckwheat) can also be effective in disease suppression. In general, all crops provided better disease control when used as green manure vs. as a cover crop, but the addition of a cover crop can improve control provided by most rotation crops. In long-term cropping system trials, rotations incorporating multiple soil health management practices, such as longer rotations, disease-suppressive rotation crops, cover crops, and green manures, and/or organic amendments have resulted in greater yield and microbial activity and fewer disease problems than standard rotations. These results indicate that improved cropping systems may enhance productivity, sustainability, and economic viability.

MEA/water/AQ-pulping of wheat straw

Holzforschung ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahab Hedjazi ◽  
Othar Kordsachia ◽  
Rudolf Patt ◽  
Andreas Kreipl
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Chemical Recovery ◽  
Oxygen Delignification ◽  
Cooking Temperature ◽  
Recovery System ◽  
Environmentally Sound ◽  
High Yields

Abstract Annual plant pulping is faced with serious challenges. Traditional pulping processes with bleaching in chlorine based sequences and without appropriate chemical recovery system cannot be tolerated anymore. Alternative pulping processes with non-conventional chemicals, such as organic solvents, e.g., monoethanolamine (MEA), might be suited for an environmentally sound process with a closed mill system. Thus, pulping of wheat straw with MEA as the main delignifying agent was investigated in comparison to soda and soda/AQ pulps as references. The main focus was placed on reduction of the cooking temperature in order to avoid heat-induced MEA degradation. The temperature was reduced stepwise from 165°C to 130°C. At 150°C, a sufficient delignification was achieved. MEA was partly substituted by water and the resulting decrease of the delignification rate could be compensated by addition of anthraquinone (AQ). After optimization of the process, a pulp with a kappa number of 17 was obtained at a total yield of 56% based on o.d. straw. This pulp was selected for bleaching. Both, O/Q/OP/DQ/P (“ECF light”) and O/Q/OP/ZQ/P (TCFZ) bleaching were applied. NaOH was substituted by MEA as alkali source in the oxygen delignification stage. Up to 50% delignification rate was achieved under these moderate conditions. In the ECF light bleaching sequence, a brightness of 80% ISO was reached at a kappa number level below 3. In TCFZ bleaching, an even somewhat higher brightness was achieved at a kappa number level below 1. A yield of fully bleached screened pulp of around 50% (based on o.d. straw) was obtained. The strength properties of the MEA pulp were improved after bleaching. ECF bleaching resulted in slightly better pulp strengths than the TCFZ alternative. MEA forms in combination with water and AQ a very selective pulping system providing effective delignification and maintaining extremely high yields. MEA/water/AQ pulping should be regarded as a serious, environmentally friendly alternative to soda or soda/AQ pulping to produce high-quality pulp from wheat straw.

ROTATION IN CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE SYSTEMS OF ZAMBIA: EFFECTS ON SOIL QUALITY AND WATER RELATIONS

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. THIERFELDER ◽  
P. C. WALL
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Positive Effects

SUMMARYConservation agriculture (CA) systems are based on minimal soil disturbance, crop residue retention and crop rotation. Although the capacity of rotations to break pest and disease cycles is generally recognized, other benefits of crop rotations in CA systems are seldom acknowledged and little understood. We monitored different conventional and CA cropping systems over the period from 2005 to 2009 in a multi-seasonal trial in Monze, southern Zambia. Both monocropped maize and different maize rotations including cotton and the green manure cover crop sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea) were compared under CA conditions, with the aim of elucidating the effects of crop rotations on soil quality, soil moisture relations and maize productivity. Infiltration, a sensitive indicator of soil quality, was significantly lower on conventionally ploughed plots in all cropping seasons compared to CA plots. Higher water infiltration rate led to greater soil moisture content in CA maize treatments seeded after cotton. Earthworm populations, total carbon and aggregate stability were also significantly higher on CA plots. Improvements in soil quality resulted in higher rainfall use efficiency and higher maize grain yield on CA plots especially those in a two- or three-year rotation. In the 2007/08 and 2008/2009 season, highest yields were obtained from direct-seeded maize after sunnhemp, which yielded 74% and 136% more than maize in the conventionally ploughed control treatment with a continuous maize crop. Even in a two-year rotation (maize-cotton), without a legume green manure cover crop, 47% and 38% higher maize yields were recorded compared to maize in the conventionally ploughed control in the two years, respectively. This suggests that there are positive effects from crop rotations even in the absence of disease and pest problems. The overall profitability of each system will, however, depend on markets and prices, which will guide the farmer's decision on which, if any, rotation to choose.

scholarly journals Elements of biologization to ensure high energy and economic efficiency of sugar beet growing under the conditions of the Podillia

Bioenergy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. Voitova
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Biological System ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
The Right

Purpose. To study the ways of improving energy and economic efficiency of sugar beet cultivation based on the biological system of fertilizer grain-beet crop rotations under the conditions of sufficient moisture, the right-Bank forest-Steppe. Methods. Laboratory and field, statistical. Results. The results of studies on ways of improving energy and economic efficiency of sugar beet cultivation based on the biological system of fertilizers in grain-beet crop rotations under the conditions of sufficient moisture in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe are presented, which included technology for sustainable cultivation of sugar beet under the conditions of an acute shortage of organic fertilizers. The technology includes the following elements of biologization: straw, green manure biomass was used as an alternative organic fertilizer directly under sowing of pre-crop. The positive results of increasing energy and economic efficiency of sugar beet is shown. Conclusions. In the acute shortage of organic fertilizers, it is required to use mineral fertilizers and basic elements of biologization, such as green manure, crop residues, and perennial grasses and legumes as pre-crops. This will contribute to the increase in the value of the gross output of feedstock, energy-economic viability and sustainability of agricultural systems in agronomic sense.

scholarly journals Weed Population and Rice Yield in Organic Rice-Green Manure Crops Rotation System

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-367
Author(s):  
Bong-Su Choi ◽  
Weon-Tai Jeon ◽  
Yong-Hwan Lee ◽  
Min-Tae Kim ◽  
Sun-Pyo Eum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Weed Population ◽  
Organic Rice ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Green Manure Crops
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