scholarly journals Application of jasmonic acid can mitigate water deficit stress in cotton through yield-related physiological properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Yosefi ◽  
Shahram Sharafzadeh ◽  
Forood Bazrafshan ◽  
Mahdi Zare ◽  
Bahram Amiri
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Semiarid Regions ◽  
Arid And Semiarid

Precise and appropriate management of farmland for a cotton crop to reach the highest water use efficiency with a low water supply and an acceptable yield is required in arid- and semiarid regions. This study in Iran aimed to find the most appropriate concentration of jasmonic acid (JA) and the best stage for application to cope with any negative impacts of water deficit stress. A split-plot factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was used in 2 consecutive years (2016–2017). Two irrigation intervals of 10 and 20 days were used, with four concentrations of JA (0, 25, 50, and 100 mg L<sup>−1</sup> ) and applications at three crop stages (vegetative, reproductive, and vegetative and reproductive together). The final results showed that the 20-day interval significantly decreased relative water content, the quantity of cotton, cotton yield and its related traits including boll number per plant, the 1,000-seed weight, seed cotton yield, lint yield, and lint percentage. It also increased the content of proline and soluble sugars. The 50-mg L<sup>−1</sup> concentration of JA applied at the vegetative-reproductive stages appropriately mitigated the negative effects of water deficit. These results are of practical application for farmers in arid- and semiarid regions with low water supply when irrigating cotton lands in order to reach an acceptable cotton yield.

scholarly journals Effect of Seed Inoculation on Alfalfa Tolerance to Water Deficit Stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
Mahnaz ZAFARI ◽  
Ali EBADI ◽  
Sodabeh JAHANBAKHSH GODEHKAHRIZ
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Compatible Solutes ◽  
Membrane Stability ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Cell Membrane Stability ◽  
Seed Inoculation

Water deficit is one of the most important environmental stresses that adversely affect crop growth and production and mycorrhizal fungi and symbiotic bacteria have important role in resistance to drought stress. The effect of biofertilizers on alfalfa stress tolerance was studied at the greenhouse condition. Treatments comprised three water-deficit stresses (35%, 55% and 75% of field capacity) and four seeds inoculations (Glomus mosseae, Sinorhizobium meliloti, G. mosseae + S. meliloti and non-inoculated). Water-deficit stress decrease cell membrane stability (39%), total Chl (24.05%), carotenoid (35.55%), quantum yield (50.64%) and forage yield (28.20%), while increased the proline and soluble sugars content (68.55 and 46.53% respectively) and osmotic potential (45.84%). The inoculation of seeds increased the capability of the plants in counteracting the stress, so that the production of compatible solutes was increased and the photosynthetic indices, proline, osmotic potential, membrane stability and forage yield were improved by seed inoculation. Mycorrhiza improved photosynthetic indexes and proline, but bacteria had more efficacy on membrane stability and forage yield. However, double inoculation due to the synergistic effect of mycorrhiza and Sinorhizobium, had the greatest effect than Solitary inoculation. Our results suggest that biofertilized alfalfa plants were better adapted than non- biofertilized ones to cope with water deficit.

scholarly journals Methionine-induced regulation of growth, secondary metabolites and oxidative defense system in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants subjected to water deficit stress

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0259585
Author(s):  
Gull Mehak ◽  
Nudrat Aisha Akram ◽  
Muhammad Ashraf ◽  
Prashant Kaushik ◽  
Mohamed A. El-Sheikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Growth Stages

Optimum water availability at different growth stages is one the major prerequisites of best growth and yield production of plants. Exogenous application of plant growth regulators considered effective for normal functioning of plants under water-deficit conditions. A study was conducted to examine the influence of exogenously applied L-methionine on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants grown under water-deficit conditions. Twenty-five-day old seedlings of four sunflower cultivars, FH331, FH572, FH652 and FH623 were exposed to control (100% F.C.) and drought stress (60% F.C.) conditions. After 30-day of drought stress, L-methionine (Met; 20 mg/L) was applied as a foliar spray to control and drought stressed plants. Water deficit stress significantly reduced shoot fresh and dry weights shoot and root lengths, and chlorophyll a content in all four cultivars. While a significant increase was observed due to water deficiency in relative membrane permeability (RMP), malondialdehyde (MDA), total soluble proteins (TSP), total soluble sugars (TSS), ascorbic acid (AsA) and activity of peroxidase (POD). Although, exogenously applied Met was effective in decreasing RMP, MDA and H2O2 contents, it increased the shoot fresh weight, shoot length, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a/b ratio, proline contents and the activities of SOD, POD and CAT enzymes in all four cultivars under water deficit stress. No change in AsA and total phenolics was observed due to foliar-applied Met under water stress conditions. Of all sunflower cultivars, cv. FH-572 was the highest and cv. FH-652 the lowest of all four cultivars in shoot fresh and dry weights as well as shoot length under drought stress conditions. Overall, foliar applied L-methionine was effective in improving the drought stress tolerance of sunflower plants that was found to be positively associated with Met induced improved growth attributes and reduced RMP, MDA and H2O2 contents under water deficit conditions.

scholarly journals Consequences of Seed Priming with Salicylic Acid and Hydro Priming on Smooth Vetch Seedling Growth under Water Deficiency

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Amin Namdari ◽  
Abolfazl Baghbani
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Glycine Betaine ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Available Water

Due to low rainfall at early autumn, smooth vetch seedling growth in rain-fed lands often is limited by water deficit stress yet the data regarding the reactions of smooth vetch to water deficit at early growth stages are pretty rare. The objective of current study was to examine possibility of using priming treatments (hydro priming and priming salicylic acid) to alleviate the inhibitory effect of water deficiency during early growth of Smooth Vetch. In this respect, seeds were soaked in distilled water (hydro priming) or 0.5 mM solution of SA for 36 h at 10 °C then dried back to original moisture content. Pots were irrigated for 25 days at four levels of available water containing field capacity (FC), 75% FC, 50% FC and 25% FC. In general, seedling emergence and early growth were markedly limited by increasing water deficiency. However, priming treatments particularly with SA caused considerable improvement in either emergence or growth of seedlings (dry weight, length). The obtained results showed that primed samples exhibited higher accumulation of proline, glycine betaine (GB) under all levels of available water except 100% FC and also higher total soluble sugars (TSS) and trehalose under severe water deficit (25% FC). SA primed samples had higher relative water content especially under higher levels of water deficiency. The more balanced water status within SA primed samples also was accompanied with higher accumulation of proline and glycine betaine. There were significant differences between two priming treatments in terms of proline and GB content within seedlings and SA priming considerably increased proline and GB accumulation. In contrast to proline and GB, TSS and trehalose content wasn’t influenced by SA treatment and both hydro and SA primed samples showed statistically similar quantities.

scholarly journals Effect of Microelements and Selenium on Superoxide Dismutase Enzyme, Malondialdehyde Activity and Grain Yield Maize (Zea mays L.) under Water Deficit Stress

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nourali SAJEDI ◽  
Hamid MADANI ◽  
Ahmad NADERI
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Malondialdehyde Content ◽  
Main Plot

This study was carried out to investigate effects of microelements under water deficit stress at different growth stages on antioxidant enzyme alteration, chemical biomarker and grain yield of maize in the years 2007 and 2008. The experiment was conducted in a split plot factorial based on a randomized complete block design with four replications. There were three factors, water deficit stress at different stages of growth as main plot and combinations of selenium (with and without using) and microelements (with and without using) as sub plots. The result indicated that the activity of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde content under water deficit stress increased, but grain yield was reduced. The highest grain yield was obtained from optimum irrigation, while in the case of with water deficit stress at V8 stage it was non significant. Selenium spray increased activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme, malondialdehyde content of leaves in V8, R2 and R4 stages and also grain yield. Application of microelements increased the leaves superoxide dismutase enzyme activity and malondialdehyde content. Selenium and microelements spray under water deficit stress conditions during vegetative growth and dough stage increased grain yield in comparison to not spraying elements under water stress conditions. The present results also showed that by using selenium and microelements under water stress can obtain acceptable yield compared to not using these elements.

scholarly journals Biochemical Response and Nutrient Uptake of Two Arbuscular Mycorrhiza-Inoculated Chamomile Varieties Under Different Water Potentials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ebrahimi ◽  
Amin Salehi ◽  
Mohsen Movahedi Dehnavi ◽  
Amin Mirshekari ◽  
Mohammad Hamidian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Water Potentials ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Abstract BackgroundWater-deficit stress is one of the most important sources of damage to crop production worldwide. Adopting appropriate varieties using soil microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhiza(AM) can significantly reduce theadverseeffectsofwater deficiency.This study is aimed to evaluate the role of Funneliformismosseaeon nutrients uptake and some physiological traits of two chamomile varieties namely Bodgold (Bod) and Soroksári(Sor) under water-deficit stress. The pot experiment was performed in a hydroponic system within a completely randomized design considering four replications. Three levels of water-deficit stress (PEG 6000) were taken into account at water potentials of -0.4 and -0.8MPa. The second factor was AM inoculation.ResultsWater-deficit stress significantly reduced the uptake of macro-nutrients (N, P, and K) and micro-nutrients (Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn) in the shoots and roots. Moreover, the level of osmolytes (total soluble sugars and proline) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the shoots of both varieties increased under water-deficit stress. In the case of Sor variety, the level of these compounds was more satisfactory. AM improved plant nutrition uptake and osmolyte contents while enhancing antioxidant enzymes and reducing theadverseeffectsofwater-deficit stress. Under water-deficit stress, the growth and total dry weight improved upon AM inoculation. ConclusionsIn general, inoculation of chamomile with AM balanced the uptake of nutrients increased the level of osmolytes, antioxidant enzymes, and hence improved plant characteristics under water-deficit stress in both varieties, however, it was more effective in reducing stress damages in Sor variety.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF COMPETITION AND WATER DEFICIENCY ON SUNFLOWER AND WEED GROWTH

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
MURILO MEIRA SOARES ◽  
CLÁUDIA DAIANNY MELO FREITAS ◽  
FERNANDO SARMENTO DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
HÉLIDA CAMPOS DE MESQUITA ◽  
TATIANE SEVERO SILVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACT In the agricultural environment, the occurrence of biotic and abiotic stresses, such as weed interference and soil water deficit is common. However, little is known about the effects of the interaction of these stresses on the growth of cultivated crops and weed species. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of competition and water deficiency on the growth of sunflowers and weeds. The experiment was performed in a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments were arranged in a 5 × 2 factorial design, with the first factor corresponding to the competition arrangements between the species (sunflower + Waltheria indica; sunflower + Amaranthus spinosus; and sunflower, W. indica, and A. spinosus in monoculture without competition) and the second factor corresponding to water regimes (irrigated and water deficit). The water deficit regime was established when the sunflower plants had six expanded leaves (V6 stage) and was maintained until the rate of CO2 assimilation of the plants reached values close to zero (6 days), after which irrigation was resumed and maintained until 40 days after emergence, when the plants were collected and evaluated. The growth components evaluated were plant height, leaf area, dry leaf mass, dry stem mass, dry root mass, and total dry mass. Competition between plants decreased sunflower, W. indica, and A. spinosus growth. W. indica and A. spinosus aggravated the negative effects of water deficiency on sunflower growth. The water deficit regime did not affect the growth of W. indica. A. spinosus was more competitive with the sunflower than was W. indica.

scholarly journals Effects of TiO2 nanoparticles and water-deficit stress on morpho-physiological characteristics of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) plants

2016 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Mohammadi ◽  
Mohammad Esmailpour ◽  
Ali GHERANPAYE
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Malondialdehyde Content ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Nano Titanium Dioxide

<p>Water-deficit stress is the most important environmental factors limiting plant growth, and production. Nano-titanium dioxide (nano anataseTiO<sub>2</sub>) can have various profound effects on the crop physiological, biochemical and morphological characteristics. In the present research, the influences of different concentrations ofTiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles (NPs) (0, 10 and 40 ppm) and water-deficit stress on Dragonhead (<em>Dracocephalum moldavica</em> L.) were investigated in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that under normal irrigation, foliar application of 10 ppm TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs increased plant shoot dry mass and essential oils content. Under water-deficit stress condition, plants treated with 10 ppm TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs had more proline and much less H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and malondialdehyde content as compared to untreated plants. Therefore, it can be concluded that proper concentration of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs probably can be used as an exogenous stimuli for improvement of shoot growth and essential oil content in plants. Furthermore, water-deficit stress-induced damages such as oxidative stress and membrane damage can be ameliorated by foliar application of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs at appropriate concentrations.</p>

Effect of Water Deficit on Yield of Different Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aref M. Alshameri ◽  
Salem S. Alghamdi ◽  
Abdelrhman Z. Gaafar ◽  
Bander M. Almunqedhi ◽  
Ahmed A. Qahtan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Water Treatments

Background: Faba beans (Vicia faba L.) are important grain legumes but, as with many crops, these are also susceptible to water deficit. The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield components of twenty faba bean genotypes grown under water deficit.Methods: Three water treatments were applied, 25%, 50% and 100% of field capacity. A split-plot arrangement in a randomized complete block design with three replicates was used.Result: The faba genotypes Gazira2, Kamline, L4, Cairo7 and Giza402 reached flowering earlier than other genotypes through stress-escape mechanisms. Genotypes L4, Gazira1, Kamline, X.735 and Gazira2 had the highest seed yield under water-deficit conditions. Genotypes L4, X.735, 989/309/95, Kamline and Gazira1 exhibited the highest levels of biological yield. Finally, the genotypes Kamline and L.4 had higher yields and yield components under water-deficit stress. Consequently, they should be considered for use in breeding programs aimed at developing new cultivars that are better adapted to harsh environmental conditions.

Opposite changes in leaf dark respiration and soluble sugars with drought in two Mediterranean oaks

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Rodríguez-Calcerrada ◽  
Oula Shahin ◽  
María del Carmen del Rey ◽  
Serge Rambal
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Leaf Dark Respiration ◽  
Mediterranean Oaks ◽  
Relative Production

The decline in net photosynthetic CO2 uptake (An) caused by drought could reduce the availability of soluble sugars and thus limit leaf dark respiration (Rd). We investigated the response of leaf gas exchange and nonstructural carbohydrates to drought by stopping watering to 2-year-old plants of Quercus ilex L. and Quercus pubescens Willd. grown in large pots. An declined with increasing water deficit more rapidly than Rd, and Rd declined slightly more steeply in Q. ilex than in Q. pubescens. Soluble sugars increased in drought-treated plants relative to control well watered plants, and the opposite pattern was found for starch. After rewatering, Rd returned to pre-drought rates within 2 days and An within 1 week. Soluble sugars tended to recover pre-drought values after rewatering but continued to be significantly higher in drought-treated than control plants of Q. pubescens, for which the increase in the concentration of soluble sugars had been higher. These results suggest that the relative production of soluble sugars is upregulated when An is limited, and that soluble sugars do not control respiratory rates in response to and recovery from water deficit. Rather, we suggest that the decline in Rd contributes to drought tolerance by reducing the consumption of soluble sugars, which play an important role as osmoprotectants during water deficit stress.

scholarly journals Study of Some Mechanisms of Tolerance and Avoidance of Water Deficit in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1503-1512
Author(s):  
Mimouna Zerrouki ◽  
Zineb Regagba ◽  
Ahmed Adda
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Some mechanisms of drought tolerance and avoidance have been studied in eight barley genotypes. These include three local cultivars (Ttichedrett, Beldi, Saida) and five introduced (Malouh, Seg09, Mari29, Awblack, Beecher) which were grown under three different water supply (100% FC, 60% FC, 30% FC). The increase in intensity of the water deficit reduces differently the relative water content among tested genotypes. Thus, in the treatment of 60% FC, this reduction varies between 1% (Beldi) and 6% (Tichedrett, Beecher), while in the lot of 30% FC it reaches the limits of 3% (Beldi) and 18% (Seg09). The results show that plants grown under water deficit (60% CC, 30% FC) accumulate significantly soluble sugars (r = 0.54**) and K+ (r = 0.26**) compared to control plants (100% CC). Thus, under 30% FC, the accumulation of soluble sugars reached values of 195% and 208% observed at Mari29 and Awblack. The accentuation of the water deficit causes a significant reduction of the RWL particularly after 120 mn (r = -0.27**) which is accompanied by an increase of the stomatic resistance (r = 0.53**). To limit dehydration under the water deficit, tested genotypes were distinguished into three groups by adopting avoidance, tolerance or by combining the two strategies.

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