Changes in chlorophyll content and fluorescence and fruit yield contributing traits in different genotypes of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa DUCH.)

Analysis of changes in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in strawberry leaves was based on a field experiment performed in the years 2009–2010. Ten genotypes including 5 cultivars: ‘Kent’, ‘Teresa’, ‘Senga Sengana’, ‘Chandler’ and the breeding clone 1387 as well as their inbred progeny, were the object of the study. During the experiment the following indicators were evaluated: chlorophyll a and b content in fresh leaf mass as well as fluorescence parameters: minimum (F0) and maximum fluorescence yield (Fm), photochemical efficiency of PS II (Fv/Fm), actual quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Y), minimum (F0’) and maximum efficiency of fluorescence (Fm’) in the light, coefficient of photochemical (qP) and non-photo- chemical (qN) fluorescence quenching. In this work, we also examined the effect of repeated inbreeding on strawberry fruit yield and yield components. The analysis of changes of these parameters showed that inbreeding caused a reaction in all tested cultivars. In all inbred progeny, chlorophyll a and b content decreased compared to the cultivars. Generally, the photoche- mical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and the parameter ΔF/ Fm’ were not affected by strong inbreeding. In analyzing the values of the coefficients qP and qN, it has been observed that changes in their values depend on the sensitivity of the examined genotypes to self-pollination. The functioning of PS II is the most sensitive indicator of the effect of various factors on plants and is useful, among others, in breeding to select plants with a required genotype. The yield – determining features such as: fruit yield per plant, weight of single fruit, number of fruit per plant and weight of leaves per plant in S3 generation, were lower as compared with parental forms.

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Growth, Fruit Yield, Photosynthetic Characteristics, and Leaf Microelement Concentration of Two Blueberry Cultivars under Different Long-Term Soil pH Treatments

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9070357 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 357 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yanqin Jiang ◽

Qilong Zeng ◽

Jiguang Wei ◽

Jiafeng Jiang ◽

Yajing Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Ph ◽

Photochemical Efficiency ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽

Fruit Yield ◽

Downward Trend ◽

Branch Number ◽

Plant Weight ◽

High Ph ◽

Flowering Date

Soil pH is a key factor affecting the growth of blueberries. Understanding the response mechanism of blueberries to different pH values and selecting suitable evaluation indexes are the basis of breeding new blueberry cultivars with high pH tolerances. The effects of different soil pH treatments for 17 months on the plant growth, fruit yield, photosynthetic characteristics, and leaf microelement concentration of Vaccinium ashei Reade ‘Climax’ and V. corymbosum hybrid ‘Chaoyue No. 1′ were studied. Plant height, main stem diameter, branch number per plant, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, root dry weight, and total dry weight decreased with increasing soil pH. With an increase in soil pH, the first flowering date, 50% flowering date, first ripening date, and 50% ripening date of the two cultivars were postponed, and the flower bud numbers per plant, the floret numbers per bud, and yield per plant showed a downward trend. Moreover, the fruit quality decreased, which was reflected in the increase in the titratable acid content (TA) and the decrease in the total soluble solids content (TSS) and the TSS:TA ratio in the high pH treatment. With increasing soil pH, the chlorophyll content index (CCI), maximal photochemical efficiency of the PSII (Fv/Fm), quantum photosynthetic yield of the PSII (Y(II)) and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of the two cultivars showed a downward trend, and some microelement concentrations in the leaves were imbalanced. Under high pH treatment, ‘Chaoyue No. 1′ had a relatively higher plant biomass and fruit yield, so it had a stronger tolerance to high pH than ‘Climax’ did. More strongly acidified rhizosphere soil capacity, as well as higher CCI, Fv/Fm, Y(II), and Pn values were the main reasons for the high pH tolerance of ‘Chaoyue No. 1′. Compared with destructive biomass indicators such as plant weight, nondestructive indicators such as CCI, Fv/Fm, and Y(II) can be more valuable indicators for fast and accurate evaluation of blueberry tolerance to high pH at early stages of treatment.

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Silicon Foliar Application Mitigates Salt Stress in Sweet Pepper Plants by Enhancing Water Status, Photosynthesis, Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Fruit Yield

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9060733 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 733 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Khaled A. A. Abdelaal ◽

Yasser S.A. Mazrou ◽

Yaser M. Hafez

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Chlorophyll A ◽

Electrolyte Leakage ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Water Status ◽

Sweet Pepper ◽

Fruit Yield ◽

Chlorophyll A And B ◽

Pepper Plants

Silicon is one of the most significant elements in plants under abiotic stress, so we investigated the role of silicon in alleviation of the detrimental effects of salinity at two concentrations (1500 and 3000 ppm sodium chloride) in sweet pepper plants in two seasons (2018 and 2019). Our results indicated that relative water content, concentrations of chlorophyll a and b, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents, number of fruits plant−1, fruit fresh weight plant−1 (g) and fruit yield (ton hectare−1) significantly decreased in salt-stressed sweet pepper plants as compared to control plants. In addition, electrolyte leakage, proline, lipid peroxidation, superoxide (O2−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels, soluble sugars, sucrose, and starch content as well as sodium content significantly increased under salinity conditions. Conversely, foliar application of silicon led to improvements in concentrations of chlorophyll a and b and mineral nutrients, water status, and fruit yield of sweet pepper plants. Furthermore, lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, levels of superoxide, and hydrogen peroxide were decreased with silicon treatments.

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Effect of Oil Water-Accommodated Fraction on Growth and Chlorophyll-A of Marine Microalgae

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.94 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 726-731 ◽

pp. 94-97

Author(s):

Yu Bai Zhang ◽

Xue Xi Tang

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll A ◽

Isochrysis Galbana ◽

Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽

Fluorescence Parameters ◽

Nitzschia Closterium ◽

Oil Water ◽

Chlorophyll A Content ◽

Platymonas Helgolandica ◽

Toxicity Effects ◽

Water Accommodated Fraction

The experiment studied the 96h acute toxicity effects on three kinds of microalgae caused by Water-Accommodated Fraction (WAF), and effects of different concentrations WAF (Platymonas helgolandicavar.tsingtaoensis,Nitzschia closteriumf.minutissima00.524816 mg/L;Isochrysis galbana00.52.551020 mg/L) on chlorophyll-a content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. It showed that the WAF 96h EC50of thePlatymonas helgolandicavar.tsingtaoensis,Nitzschia closteriumf.minutissima,Isochrysis galbanawere 13.84mg/L, 18.83mg/L and 6.73mg/L. The level of WAF sensitivity wasNitzschia closteriumf.minutissima>Platymonas helgolandicavar.tsingtaoensis>Isochrysis galbana. The WAF caused inhibition of chlorophyll-a content except in condition of the low concentration. It showed the higher of the WAF concentration, the stronger the inhibition.

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Limitation of photosynthetic processes in photosystem II in alpine mosses exposed to low temperatures: Response of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters

Czech Polar Reports ◽

10.5817/cpr2018-2-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 218-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yeray Folgar Cameán ◽

Miloš Barták

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Photosystem Ii ◽

Temperature Stress ◽

Low Temperature Stress ◽

Ps Ii ◽

Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽

Fluorescence Parameters ◽

Fluorescence Measurements ◽

Sphagnum Girgensohnii

In this study, we evaluated the effects of low and sub-zero temperature on the fast chlorophyll fluorescence transient (OJIP) and OJIP-derived parameters in 4 different mosses: Sphagnum girgensohnii, Polytrichum formosum, Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi. The low temperature stress was applied on the mosses for 90 min. at 3 different temperatures (5°C, -1°C and -10°C). To investigate the effects of this stress on the functioning of photosystem II (PS II), the chlorophyll fluorescence measurements were taken at control temperature (22°C) and, after a 90 min. acclimation period, at each experimental temperature. The shape of OJIP curves and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were found temperature-dependent in all the species. The mosses differed in their sensitivity to the stress but general trends in response to low temperature were similar. The results support the idea that S. girgensohnii is less resistant to low temperature stress than the other species. We were also interested in the K and L steps in OJIPs, representing different disorders caused by low temperature. The K-step was seen in P. formosum and P. schreberi and the L-step in H. splendens and S. girgensohnii.

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The effect of shock freezing on physiological properties and consequent growth of Antarctic filamentous (Stigeoclonium sp.) and coccal alga (Diplosphaera chodatii) on agar plates

Czech Polar Reports ◽

10.5817/cpr2019-1-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 37-48

Author(s):

Alla Orekhova ◽

Miloš Barták ◽

Aleyna Özkar ◽

Josef Elster

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Liquid Medium ◽

Liquid Nitrogen ◽

Physiological Status ◽

Ps Ii ◽

Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽

Fluorescence Parameters ◽

Interspecific Differences ◽

Subzero Temperatures ◽

Physiological Properties

In this study, we investigated the effects of shock freezing on physiological properties and consequent growth of in the Antarctic alga Stigeoclonium sp. and comparative coccal alga Diplosphaera chodatii on agar plates. Culture of algae grown in liquid medium were used to study subzero temperatures on the species resistance to shock freezing. Then, microalgae were frozen in liquid nitrogen and inoculated on BBM agar after thawing. Physiological status of algae was evaluated by chlorophyll fluorescence parameters during 28 days. The results showed that interspecific differences existed in their tolerance to shock freezing, as well as their consequent growth rate on agars. Direct effects of freezing in liquid nitrogen was demonstrated in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters recorded immediately after thawing the samples (in liquid medium). In spite of the fact that majority of cells was destroyed by shock freezing, the potential of photochemical processes in PS II (FV/FM) remained constant in D. chodatii. It may indicate high resistance of the species to freezing/thawing cycles and a capability of the surviving cells, core chlorophylls in PS II respectively, to perform photosynthetic processes related to PS II. Contrastingly, Stigeoclonium sp. showed a shock freezing-dependent decrease in FV/FM. When shock-frozen, thawed and inoculated on agar plates, the culture of D. chodatii, and Stigeoclonium sp. showed cultivation time-dependent increase in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (FV/FM, FS).

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Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters allow the rapid detection and differentiation of plant responses in three different wheat pathosystems

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp15280 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 356 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Olubukola O. Ajigboye ◽

Louise Bousquet ◽

Erik H. Murchie ◽

Rumiana V. Ray

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Powdery Mildew ◽

Fusarium Culmorum ◽

Maximum Efficiency ◽

Plant Responses ◽

Head Blight ◽

Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽

Psii Photochemistry ◽

Oculimacula Yallundae ◽

Pathogen Dna

The present study was undertaken to identify chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) parameters that can quantify changes in PSII associated with plant responses in three different wheat pathosystems of foliar, stem-base and ear diseases. The pathosystems included powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis, eyespot caused by Oculimacula yallundae or Oculimacula acuformis and Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium culmorum, F. avenaceum or F. langsethiae. Fast CF transients (OJIP) were analysed with the JIP-test to determine changes in PSII photochemistry. Measurements on asymptomatic leaves showed that electron transport related parameters (ETo/RC, ψo and ϕEo) were important to identify varietal differences in resistance to powdery mildew during early stages of infection. The same parameters also allowed differentiation between F. langsethiae and other Fusarium spp. Where infections were caused by the necrotrophic pathogens, Oculimacula spp., F. culmorum or F. avenaceum, changes related to maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fvʹ/Fmʹ) as well as flux of dissipated (DIo/RC), trapped (TRo/RC), or absorbed (ABS/RC) energy per active reaction centers were significant in detecting biotic stress and the effectiveness of fungicide treatment for disease control. Our results demonstrated that Fvʹ/Fmʹ correlated significantly with visual disease and pathogen DNA of different wheat pathosystems. OJIP was shown as a sensitive technique that can be explored as diagnostic tool in future crop disease management and varietal breeding programs.

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Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging-Based Duckweed Phenotyping to Assess Acute Phytotoxic Effects

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10122763 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 2763

Author(s):

Viktor Oláh ◽

Anna Hepp ◽

Muhammad Irfan ◽

Ilona Mészáros

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Fluorescence Imaging ◽

Photochemical Efficiency ◽

Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging ◽

Imaging Method ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽

Vast Number ◽

Fluorescence Parameters ◽

Phytotoxic Effects

Duckweeds (Lemnaceae species) are extensively used models in ecotoxicology, and chlorophyll fluorescence imaging offers a sensitive and high throughput platform for phytotoxicity assays with these tiny plants. However, the vast number of potentially applicable chlorophyll fluorescence-based test endpoints makes comparison and generalization of results hard among different studies. The present study aimed to jointly measure and compare the sensitivity of various chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in Spirodela polyrhiza (giant duckweed) plants exposed to nickel, chromate (hexavalent chromium) and sodium chloride for 72 h, respectively. The photochemistry of Photosystem II in both dark- and light-adapted states of plants was assessed via in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence imaging method. Our results indicated that the studied parameters responded with very divergent sensitivity, highlighting the importance of parallelly assessing several chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Generally, the light-adapted parameters were more sensitive than the dark-adapted ones. Thus, the former ones might be the preferred endpoints in phytotoxicity assays. Fv/Fm, i.e., the most extensively reported parameter literature-wise, proved to be the least sensitive endpoint; therefore, future studies might also consider reporting Fv/Fo, as its more responsive analogue. The tested toxicants induced different trends in the basic chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and, at least partly, in relative proportions of different quenching processes, suggesting that a basic distinction of water pollutants with different modes of action might be achievable by this method. We found definite hormetic patterns in responses to several endpoints. Hormesis occurred in the concentration ranges where the applied toxicants resulted in strong growth inhibition in longer-term exposures of the same duckweed clone in previous studies. These findings indicate that changes in the photochemical efficiency of plants do not necessarily go hand in hand with growth responses, and care should be taken when one exclusively interprets chlorophyll fluorescence-based endpoints as general proxies for phytotoxic effects.

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Leaf morphology and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of mulberry seedlings under waterlogging stress

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-92782-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Liangyi Rao ◽

Siyuan Li ◽

Xue Cui

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Flooding Tolerance ◽

Ps Ii ◽

Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽

Fluorescence Parameters ◽

Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics ◽

Leaf Chlorophyll ◽

Fluorescence Characteristics ◽

Plant Restoration ◽

Leaf Chlorophyll Fluorescence

AbstractBecause of its high flooding tolerance, in recent years, mulberry has become a tree species that is used in plant restoration in impact zones in reservoir areas. Therefore, 3-year-old potted forage mulberry seedlings were used to investigate the mechanism of mulberry adaptation to flooding stress. An indoor simulated flooding method was adopted to study the morphology of mulberry seedling leaves and the changes in leaf chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and fluorescence imaging under different flooding times and depths. The results showed that the leaves of mulberry seedlings treated with shallow submergence remained healthy during the flooding period, while the leaves of mulberry seedlings treated with half submergence and full submergence showed different degrees of waterlogging symptoms in the middle and late flooding periods and formed adventitious roots at the base of the stem. Most of the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters decreased at the beginning of flooding, but the steady-state degree of closure of PS II reaction centres (1-qP_Lss) increased significantly. In the later stage of flooding, the fluorescence parameters showed relatively stable trends. Based on these results, we conclude that mulberry has high flooding tolerance due to a combination of morphological and physiological responses.

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Transcriptome and physiological analysis of increase in drought stress tolerance by melatonin in tomato

10.21203/rs.3.rs-853632/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lu Yang ◽

Sijia Bu ◽

Shengxue Zhao ◽

Ning Wang ◽

Jiaxin Xiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Maximum Efficiency ◽

Photochemical Quenching ◽

Physiological Parameter ◽

Effective Quantum Yield ◽

Melatonin Treatment ◽

Tomato Cultivar ◽

Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽

Psii Photochemistry

Abstract Drought stress seriously affects tomato growth, yield and quality. Previous reports have pointed out that melatonin (MT) can alleviate drought stress damage to tomato. To better understand the possible physiological and molecular mechanisms, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and leaf transcriptome profiles were analyzed in the “Micro Tom” tomato cultivar with or without melatonin irrigation under normal and drought conditions. Polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000) simulated continuous drought treatment reduced plant height, but melatonin treatment improved plant growth rate. Physiological parameter measurements revealed that the drought-induced decreases in maximum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry, the effective quantum yield of PSII, electron transfer rate, and photochemical quenching value caused by PEG6000 treatment were alleviated by melatonin treatment, which suggests a protective effect of melatonin on PSII. Comparative transcriptome analysis identified 447, 3982, 4526 and 3258 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the comparative groups plus-melatonin vs. minus-melatonin (no drought), drought vs. no drought (minus-melatonin), drought vs. no drought (melatonin) and plus-melatonin vs. minus-melatonin (drought), respectively. Furthermore, 101 DEGs were common to these four comparative groups. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed that DEGs in the four comparative groups were involved in multiple metabolic processes and closely related to hormone signal transduction and transcription factors. These results provide new insights into a probable mechanism of the melatonin-induced protection of photosynthesis and enhancement of drought tolerance in tomato plants.

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Evaluation of Nitrogen Nutrition in Diminishing Water Deficiency at Different Growth Stages of Maize by Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9060676 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 676

Author(s):

Attila Simkó ◽

Gáspár Soma Gáspár ◽

László Kiss ◽

Péter Makleit ◽

Szilvia Veres

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Water Supply ◽

Nitrogen Nutrition ◽

Photochemical Efficiency ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Tissue Water ◽

Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽

N Nutrition ◽

Fluorescence Parameters ◽

Different Growth Stages

Efficient nitrogen (N) nutrition has been reported to have the potential to alleviate the drought stress damages by maintaining metabolic activities even at low tissue water potential. The goal of our research was to find a correlation on the genotype level between the effect of different amounts of nitrogen nutrition and water supply at different growth stages. A small-plot experiment was established with three maize hybrids and three levels of nitrogen, and two different amounts of water supply were applied during the vegetation period of 2018 and 2019. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were detected, as well as potential and actual photochemical efficiency of PSII, at three growth stages: eight-leaf stage, tasseling, silking. At physiological maturity, the yield of hybrids was also measured. While only genotype differences were described among the investigated parameters in the V8 stage, treatment effects were also realized based on the measured chlorophyll fluorescence parameters during the tasseling and silking stages. Beyond the significant effect of irrigation, a similar impact was declared in the case of 80 kg ha−1 N treatment at the later growth stages. Pronounced correlation was described between chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and yield mainly under irrigated conditions. Our result suggested that lower N nutrition may be sufficient mainly under irrigated conditions, and in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence parameters are appropriate for detecting the effect of environmental factors in different growth stages.

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