scholarly journals Seasonal changes of pH and buffer capacity of aqueous homogenates of Vaccinium vitis-idaea and Vaccinium myrtillus leaves

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Czuchajowska

The newly formed leaves of both <i>Vaccinium</i> species show in June and July the lowest pH values, 3.4-3.7, which gradually increase up to 4.6 in November. The bi- and triennial leaves of <i>Vaccinium vitis-idaea</i> are less acid and show much morę limited seasonal decrease of acidity. The buffer capacity against acid of the current year leaves ,of the two species shows in summer a high level of values (a constant one for <i>Vaccinium myrtillus</i>), It decreases in autumn to achieve that of bi- and triennial leaves of <i>Vaccinium vitis-idaea</i>. The buffer capacity values are influenced to a limited extent by the increase in air-pollution, much smaller than that noticed for Pinus silvestris co-existing with <i>Vaccinium</i> in the same ecosystems.

Author(s):  
Matiashuk R. ◽  
Tkachenko I.

The sensitivity of the reproductive structures of Forsythiasuspensato the complex influence of undifferentiated environmental factors has been studied.The monitoring sites are located in 15 different park ecosystems in 6 administrative districts of Kyiv. Data from the Borys Sreznevsky Central Geophysical Observatory (air pollution index (API) and meteorological conditions for 2018-2020) were used to assess the conditions of the growthenvironment. The influence of a complex of ecologically important factors during the flowering offorsythia on the quality of the formedpollen is noted. Thus, growing plantsfor a long time in conditions with a low level of air pollution (APIup to 5.0) in abnormal weather conditions in 2020,40-50% less fertile grainswere formed. And forplants, which grow in areas with increasedlevel (API5.0-7.0) and high level (API7.0-14.0) of air pollution, the share of fertile grains in the pollen population decreased by 60-80%. In the closed bud,the pollen has higher resistance to a complex of exogenous growth factors. Forsythia plants, which are located in large parklands, lose less pollen quality in adverse weather conditions and affected byurbotechnogenic factors. F. suspensa is an acceptable indicator of the level of environmental pollution by the deviation of pollen fertility from the control value. In areas with high aerogenic load, for example, areas with large highways (Bus Station «Darnytsia»), as well as with a significant recreational load (HolosiivskyiPark, Recreation Park on the Olena Teliha Street) much smaller pollen is formed. Itis noted that the conditions of forsythia growth affect the quantitative indicators of the formed pollen not only in the flower but also in the closed bud, which confirms the chronic effect of the complex of ingredients of aerotechnogenic emissions on plants of this species. The coefficient of sterility of pollen (CS) was used to objectively compare the data of 2019 and 2020 on the condition of the generative organs of F. suspensa in the studied areas. The calculation of the CS confirmed that in the closedbud pollen has a higher resistance to exogenous factors. In areas with high and increased levels of air pollution,during budding and flowering of plants (March-May,) there is a much higher CS of pollen of F. suspensа. Significant parkland territoriesof the city (for example, HolosiivskyiPark, Botanical Garden named after O. V. Fomin) provide less stressful conditions for growth and development of plants, even with the "very high" level of air pollution (ISA above 14.0) observed in April 2020 on this territory.The study of the susceptibility of F. suspensаpollen to growing conditions will be continued, as the prospects of using this species for bioindication of ecological status and zoning of park ecosystems of Kyiv according to the gradient of anthropogenic impact have been revealed.Key words:forsythia, fertility, coefficient of sterility of pollen, bioindication. Проведене дослідження чутливості репродуктивних структур Forsythiasuspensaдо комплексного впливу недиференційованих факторів навколишнього середовища. Моніторингові ділянки розташовані в 15 різних паркових екосистемах 6 адміністративних районівКиєва. Для оцінки умов середовища вирощування рослин використані дані Центральної геофізичної обсерваторії імені Бориса Срезневського (індекс забруднення атмосферного повітря (ІЗА) та метеорологічні умови за 2018-2020 рр.). Відмічено вплив комплексу екологічно важливих факторів (за показниками відхилення від норми середньої місячної температури повітря та місячної кількості опадів у Києві) уперіод квітування форзиції на якість сформованого пилку. Так, за тривалої експозиції рослин в умовах з низьким рівнем забруднення повітря (ІЗА до 5,0) в аномальних погодних умовах 2020 р. сформувалось на 40-50% менше фертильних зерен. А у форзиції, яка росте на територіях з підвищеним (ІЗА 5,0-7,0) та високим (ІЗА 7,0-14,0) рівнями забруднення частка фертильних зерен в популяції пилку зменшилась на 60-80%. У закритому бутоні пилок має вищу стійкість до комплексу екзогенних факторів середовища зростання. Рослини форзиції, які розташовані у значних за площею паркових насадженнях, менше втрачають якість пилку за несприятливих погодних умов та дії урботехногенних чинників. За відхиленням показника фертильності пилку від контрольного значення F. suspensaє допустимим індикатором рівня забруднення середовища. На територіях з підвищеним аерогенним навантаженням, наприклад, ділянки з автотранспортними магістралями (Автостанція «Дарниця»), а також зі значним рекреаційним навантаженням (Голосіївський парк імені М. Рильського, Парк відпочинку по вул. Олени Теліги)формується значно дрібніший пилок. Відмічено, що умови росту позначаються на кількісних показниках сформованого пилку не лише в квітці, але й в закритому бутоні, що підтверджує хронічний вплив комплексу інгредієнтів аеротехногенних викидів нарослини цього виду. Для об’єктивного співставлення даних 2019 і 2020 рр. щодо стану генеративних органів F. suspensaна досліджених ділянках був використаний коефіцієнт стерильності (КС) пилку. Розрахунок КС підтвердив, що в закритому бутоні пилок має вищу стійкість до впливу екзогенних чинників. Вищий КС був у F. suspense, з ділянок, на яких в період бутонізації і квітування рослин (березень-травень) відмічений високий і підвищений рівень забруднення атмосфери. Значні за площею паркові насадження міста (наприклад, Голосіївський парк, Ботанічний сад ім.акад. О.В. Фоміна) забезпечують менш напружені умови росту і розвитку рослин навіть при відміченому в квітні 2020 р. «дуже високому» рівні забруднення повітря (ІЗА вище 14,0) на цих територіях. Дослідження чутливості пилку F. suspenseдо умов вирощування буде продовжене,оскільки виявлена перспективність використання цього виду для біоіндикації екологічного стану та зонування паркових екосистем Києва за градієнтом антропогенного впливу.Ключові слова: форзиція, фертильність, індекс стерильності, біоіндикація.


2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Eduardo Alves ◽  
Arquimedes Lavorenti

The remaining phosphorus (Prem) has been used for estimating the phosphorus buffer capacity (PBC) of soils of some Brazilian regions. Furthermore, the remaining phosphorus can also be used for estimating P, S and Zn soil critical levels determined with PBC-sensible extractants and for defining P and S levels to be used not only in P and S adsorption studies but also for the establishment of P and S response curves. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of soil clay content and clay mineralogy on Prem and its relationship with pH values measured in saturated NaF solution (pH NaF). Ammonium-oxalate-extractable aluminum exerts the major impacts on both Prem and pH NaF, which, in turn, are less dependent on soil clay content. Although Prem and pH NaF have consistent correlation, the former has a soil-PBC discriminatory capacity much greater than pH NaF.


2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
pp. 1407-1414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Veselinovic ◽  
Zoran Velikic

Measurements of pH values of buffer solutions (pH 4.0, 7.0 and 10.0) and distilled water have been performed with a glass electrode in electromagnetic field at the frequency interval of 10 MHz to 200 MHz and the output power of dispersed and reflected electromagnetic radiation of 0.01 W to 3 W. In all the cases, there occurred a reduction of pH values, i.e. a "recorded pH value" was obtained. The reduction appears within the applied frequency interval reaching extreme values at specific frequencies. The reduction of the pH values increases with the radiation power and depend of the solution buffer capacity. The effect of electromagnetic field on pH value change is exerted dominantly through the influence on glass electrodes.


Author(s):  
Y. Yatsenko ◽  
O. Shevchenko ◽  
S. Snizhko

The purpose of the work is to study the current level and the main trends of atmospheric air pollution of the cities of Ukraine with nitrogen dioxide to identify the most polluted cities, their ranking to determine the list of cities for the priority implementation of environmental measures. For the purpose of the study, the information of the Central Geophysical Observatory on the average annual concentrations of nitrogen dioxide in the air of 51 cities of Ukraine for the period 1998-2015 was used. The study used the classical methods of applied mathematical statistics (estimation of statistical parameters of distribution of concentrations, construction of time trends on the method of least squares, graphical methods of visualization of levels of air pollution), which were implemented using the available programs "MS-Excell" and "Statistica-8.0". The classification of cities according to the level of MPC exceeds average annual concentrations of nitrogen dioxide. 3 groups of cities were allocated: 1 group (21 cities) permissible level of pollution (<1 MPC); 2 group (27 cities) – increased level of pollution (1-2 MPC); group 3 (3 cities) – high level of pollution (2-3 MPC). It has been established that in the air of 21 cities (41% of all cities where nitrogen dioxide is monitored in the atmosphere) of 51 cities, there is an acceptable level of air pollution. In the remaining cities (59%) – there is a stable excess of MPC. In 23 cities, even the minimum concentrations of NO2 exceed the permissible standards. The study of long-term dynamics of nitrogen dioxide in air has shown that the increase of concentrations of this pollutant for 1998-2015 is observed in 28 cities (55%) of 51. The most significant increase in concentrations in the air occurred in Kherson, Lutsk, Donetsk and Gorishni Plavni. In 13 cities reduction of concentrations was recorded, and in 10 cities the content of this pollutant in the air practically does not change.


2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystyna Kriesel ◽  
Sławomir Ciesielska

The investigations were performed on pine seedlings growing under 12, 16 and 20 hour photoperiods. In 4 succesive stages of seedling development i.e. after 2, 12, 18 and 30 weeks of culture morphological characters of the seedlings were measured and the levels of auxins-, gibberellins-, cytokininsand abscisic acid-like inhibitor were determined. The intensity of growth and development of juvenile leaves, needles and of the shoot was the lowest in plants growing under 12 hour photoperiod conditions. As the length of the photoperiod increased so did the intensity of these processes. Under the 12 hour photoperiod the development of scale leaves, axillary buds and the formation of the terminal bud started earliest. This process reached completion under the 12 hour photoperiod and the bud remained in a state of dormancy. Seedlings growing under the 12 hour photoperiod were characterized by a low level of stimulators, and at the same time by a high level of inhibitors. On the other hand in seedlings grown at 16 and 20 hour photoperiods the content of stimulators was higher and that of inhibitors lower. A high intensity of growth and development processes was correlated with a high level of stimulators while a high level of inhibitors was correlated with a low intensity of these processes.The obtained results suggest the participation of gibberellins and cytokinins in the processes of regulation of the initiation of scale leaves and axillary buds, and the participation of these hormones and of abscisic acid in the regulation of needle elongation.


2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (01) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Efka Zabokova Bilbilova ◽  
Ana Sotirovska Ivkovska ◽  
Olivera Sarakinova ◽  
Olga Kokoceva Ivanovska ◽  
Natasha Stavreva

The aim of this study was to determine salivary pH, buffering capacity and calcium levels in caries-free and caries-active children. We examined 80 children of both genders, 15 years of age. Subjects were divided into four groups as follows: caries-free females, caries-active females, caries-free males, caries-active males; each group consisted of 20 subjects. The unstimulated saliva sample was collected by the spitting method and then pH, buffering capacity and calcium in saliva was measured. The results showed that mean level of buffering capacity of saliva was decreased significantly in the caries-active group as compared to caries-free group. The obtained data showed that the mean levels of pH and calcium were decreased in the caries-active group as compared to the caries-free group, but the difference was not statistically significant. The saliva with its constituents plays an important role in maintaining oral and especially dental health. Salivary pH values were found to be higher in the caries-free group. In our study, there was no significant correlation of pH values and caries activity with gender. Buffer capacity values were significantly lower in the caries-active group than in the caries-free group. There were significant differences when the groups were compared in the caries-active group where buffer capacity values were higher in boys than in girls. Calcium content of saliva was higher in the caries-free group. The results obtained in this study related to the values of the pH, buffering capacity and calcium in saliva, may serve as parameters for determining the caries risk patients, and accordingly to plan and carry appropriate caries preventive measures. Keywords: saliva, dental caries, pH, buffer capacity, calcium


1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (45) ◽  
pp. 393 ◽  
Author(s):  
IC Fletcher ◽  
PE Geytenbeek ◽  
WG Allden

The reproductive performance of first-cross Border Leicester X Merino ewes was measured at two levels of nutrition and at two seasons of mating. The number of dry ewes was greater at a low than at a high level of nutrition, and was greater at a December mating than at a March mating. These effects were independent. The incidence of both twin ovulation and twin births was greater at a high than at a low level of nutrition, and was greater in March than in December. These effects showed significant interaction. Seasonal changes in twinning rates were more pronounced at a high than at a low level of nutrition, and level of nutrition affected twinning rate to a greater extent in March than in December.


2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 39-51
Author(s):  
Zofia Mielecka-Kubień ◽  
Andrzej Wójcik

Big cities in Śląskie Voivodship, especially those from the territory of the former Upper Silesian Industrial District, are characterised by a high level of industrialization, relatively high standard of living and very high level of environmental pollution. The aim of the study described in this paper is to assess the levels of selected types of air pollution in big cities in Śląskie Voivodship and to compare them against chosen reports on the health condition of the population of the voivodship in the years 2014–2016. The study was based on data from the Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection and Statistics Poland. The comparison of selected indicators of the health condition of the populations in the studied cities against their levels of air pollution demonstrated that in cities where air pollution reached the highest levels, the values of indicators of mortality were also the highest, whereas the values of indicators of life expectancy of newborn babies were the lowest. The worst situation regarding both the air pollution and health condition was observed in Chorzów, Dąbrowa Górnicza and Rybnik, and the best in Bielsko-Biała and Tychy.


2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (04) ◽  
pp. 259-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Faude ◽  
M. Kellmann ◽  
T. Ammann ◽  
R. Schnittker ◽  
T. Meyer

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