Viral hemorrhagic fevers or West Nile fever – surprise in the journey

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Jarosław Piszczyk
Keyword(s):  
Circulatory System ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Maculopapular Rash ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Hemorrhagic Diathesis ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fevers ◽  
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers

Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) represent a group of similar clinical entities contagious constitutional diseases, caused by four different types of RNA viruses: Flaviviridae, Bunyaviridae, Arenaviridae i Filoviridae. These diseases proceed with high fever and damage of the circulatory system leading to homeostasis disorders, commonly accompanied by symptoms of hemorrhagic diathesis. VHFs are typically transmitted through infection vectors (mosquito) or through direct physical contact with infectious material. West Nile fever is the disease which is caused by West Nile virus from the Flaviviridae family. It begins flu-like symptoms, then it appears maculopapular rash and lymphadenopathy. At the most cases the symptoms retreat idiopathically. This disease can proceed as West Nile Neurological Disease in 1% of infected. The article presents three diseases, which can be present in tropical climate such as: Ebola hemorrhagic fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, West Nile fever.

scholarly journals MAIN TRENDS OF MONITORING OF VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC FEVERS ACTIVITY IN THE NATURAL FOCI

2018 ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
Галина Компанец ◽  
Galina Kompanets
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fevers ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Severe Fever

This paper includes review of innovative methods of monitoring of activity of natural foci of epidemically important for Russian Federation such viral infections as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), and the analysis of probability to control such «exotic» infections, as Denge fever and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS).

scholarly journals Contributions of mast cells and vasoactive products, leukotrienes and chymase, to dengue virus-induced vascular leakage

eLife ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley L St John ◽  
Abhay PS Rathore ◽  
Bhuvanakantham Raghavan ◽  
Mah-Lee Ng ◽  
Soman N Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Denv Infection ◽  
Vascular Leakage ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fevers ◽  
Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers

Dengue Virus (DENV), a flavivirus spread by mosquito vectors, can cause vascular leakage and hemorrhaging. However, the processes that underlie increased vascular permeability and pathological plasma leakage during viral hemorrhagic fevers are largely unknown. Mast cells (MCs) are activated in vivo during DENV infection, and we show that this elevates systemic levels of their vasoactive products, including chymase, and promotes vascular leakage. Treatment of infected animals with MC-stabilizing drugs or a leukotriene receptor antagonist restores vascular integrity during experimental DENV infection. Validation of these findings using human clinical samples revealed a direct correlation between MC activation and DENV disease severity. In humans, the MC-specific product, chymase, is a predictive biomarker distinguishing dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Additionally, our findings reveal MCs as potential therapeutic targets to prevent DENV-induced vasculopathy, suggesting MC-stabilizing drugs should be evaluated for their effectiveness in improving disease outcomes during viral hemorrhagic fevers.

Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (Ebola, Lassa, Hantavirus)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Schechter
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Finding ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fevers ◽  
Bodily Fluids ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Common Laboratory

Viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) designates diseases caused by enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the families Ebola, Lassa, Hantavirus, and yellow fever. Unifying features include fever, capillary leak, and coagulation defects. These viruses can affect all organ systems; transmission occurs via contact with rodent excretions, either by ingestion or through mucosa or non-intact skin. Aerosolized rodent urine and saliva are also infectious. Person-to-person spread has been documented in Lassa and Machupo viruses, both by direct contact with bodily fluids and by airborne transmission. Thrombocytopenia is a common laboratory finding. Most acutely ill patients have high concentrations of virus in the blood as measured by polymerase chain reaction assay. Clinical differentiation between the various causes of VHF is difficult. Care is supportive. No antiviral drug, including ribavirin, has activity against these viruses. Most of these diseases do not occur naturally in the United States; however, some are considered viable for bioterrorism.

scholarly journals The Glycoprotein of the Live-Attenuated Junin Virus Vaccine Strain Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Forms Aggregates prior to Degradation in the Lysosome

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Manning ◽  
Nadya E. Yun ◽  
Alexey V. Seregin ◽  
Takaaki Koma ◽  
Rachel A. Sattler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Vaccine Strain ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Live Attenuated Vaccine ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fevers ◽  
Attenuated Vaccine ◽  
Argentine Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers ◽  
Junín Virus

ABSTRACT Argentine hemorrhagic fever is a potentially lethal disease that is caused by Junin virus (JUNV). There are currently around 5 million individuals at risk of infection within regions of endemicity in Argentina. The live attenuated vaccine strain Candid #1 (Can) is approved for use in regions of endemicity and has substantially decreased the number of annual Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF) cases. The glycoprotein (GPC) gene is primarily responsible for attenuation of the Can strain, and we have shown that the absence of an N-linked glycosylation motif in the subunit G1 of the glycoprotein complex of Can, which is otherwise present in the wild-type pathogenic JUNV, causes GPC retention in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, we show that Can GPC aggregates in the ER of infected cells, forming incorrect cross-chain disulfide bonds, which results in impaired GPC processing into G1 and G2. The GPC fails to cleave into its G1 and G2 subunits and is targeted for degradation within lysosomes. Cells infected with the wild-type Romero (Rom) strain do not produce aggregates that are observed in Can infection, and the stress on the ER remains minimal. While the mutation of the N-linked glycosylation motif (T168A) is primarily responsible for the formation of aggregates, other mutations within G1 that occurred earlier in the passage history of the Can strain also contribute to aggregation of the GPC within the ER. IMPORTANCE The development of vaccines and therapeutics to combat viral hemorrhagic fevers remains a top priority within the Implementation Plan of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Emergency Medical Countermeasures Enterprise. The Can strain, derived from the pathogenic XJ strain of JUNV, has been demonstrated to be both safe and protective against AHF. While the vaccine strain is approved for use in regions of endemicity within Argentina, the mechanisms of Can attenuation have not been elucidated. A better understanding of the viral genetic determinants of attenuation will improve our understanding of the mechanisms contributing to disease pathogenesis and provide critical information for the rational design of live attenuated vaccine candidates for other viral hemorrhagic fevers.

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in North America: A Case Report

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-633
Author(s):  
Linda Spigelblatt ◽  
Robert Rosenfeld ◽  
Yvette Bonny ◽  
Michel Laverdiere
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
North America ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Maculopapular Rash ◽  
Hemorrhagic Diathesis ◽  
Epidemic Disease ◽  
The Pacific

Dengue hemorrhagic fever, a severe, often fatal, illness, occurs mostly in children and is characterized by a hemorrhagic diathesis, fever, vomiting, a maculopapular rash, liver involvement, and occasionally, a protein-losing shock syndrome.1 This disease is to be differentiated from dengue fever, a relatively benign disease occurring primarily in adults and manifested by myalgia, arthralgia, bone pain, and leukopenia. Cases of dengue fever in North America have been described among travellers from the Carribean.2-6 Dengue hemorrhagic fever is an epidemic disease described after World War II and limited to areas of Southeast Asia, India, and the Pacific islands.7-8 We believe this to be the first reported case in North America of dengue hemorrhagic fever with disseminated intravascular coagulation in a child of Southeast Asian origin.

Differential diagnosis of Crimean hemorrhagic fever and West Nile fever

2021 ◽  
Vol 4_2021 ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Mirekina E.V. Mirekina ◽  
Galimzyanov Kh.M. Galimzyanov ◽  
Cherenova L.P. Cherenova ◽  
Sherysheva Yu.V. Sherysheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
West Nile

scholarly journals Comparison of MagPix Assays and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neal G. Satterly ◽  
Matthew A. Voorhees ◽  
Abbe D. Ames ◽  
Randal J. Schoepp
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Antigen Detection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fevers ◽  
Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers ◽  
Medical Countermeasures ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Excellent Reproducibility

ABSTRACT Viral hemorrhagic fevers, because of their high mortality rates, the lack of medical countermeasures, and their potential use as instruments of bioterrorism, pose a significant threat to the developed and the developing areas of the world. The key to preventing the spread of these diseases is early and accurate detection. For decades, the gold-standard immunoassay for hemorrhagic fever detection has been the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); however, newer technologies are emerging with increased sensitivities. One such technology is the Luminex MagPix platform using xMAP microspheres. Here, we compare the MagPix platform with a traditional ELISA for IgM and antigen detection of infections from Lassa and Ebola viruses (LASV and EBOV, respectively). For IgM detection in nonhuman primate samples, the MagPix platform was 5 and 25 times more sensitive in detecting LASV and EBOV, respectively, compared to that with ELISA. For antigen detection in buffer, the MagPix platform was 25 and 2.5 times more sensitive in detecting lower levels of LASV and EBOV, respectively. In both IgM and antigen detection assays, the MagPix platform demonstrated excellent reproducibility at the lower limit of detection (LLOD). These findings demonstrate that the MagPix platform is a viable diagnostic replacement for the ELISA for viral hemorrhagic fevers.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF CREATION OF SPECIFIC PREPARATIONS FOR ETIOTROPIC THERAPY AND PROPHYLAXIS OF WEST NILE FEVER AND CRIMEAN HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER

2016 ◽  
pp. 85-93
Author(s):  
V. I. Efremenko ◽  
A. A. Efremenko ◽  
D. V. Efremenko
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
Regions Of Russia

Problematic issues on creation and practical introduction of specific immune biologic preparations for therapy and prophylaxis of natural-foci arbovirus infections - West Nile fever (WNF) and Crimean hemorrhagic fever (CHF), that are not available until now, are examined. Persistent natural foci of WNF and CHF with epidemic manifestations have formed in Southern and North Caucasian Federal Districts of Russia. Markers of Wfest Nile virus are being detected in central regions of Russia and Siberia, and the presence of fraction of population immune to this infection is also detected. Analysis of literature sources that has been carried out forms a theoretical basis for creation of novel specific preparations for etiotropic therapy and prophylaxis ofWNF and CHF. Use of blood from healthy donors with sufficiently high titers of class G immunoglobulins residing in certain subjects of Russian Federation in natural foci territories with the most intensive epidemic process is possible as raw material.

scholarly journals Product Landscape of Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Pathogens

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah Hull ◽  
Andrew Hickey ◽  
Teresa Quitugua
Keyword(s):  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Rapid Diagnostics ◽  
Viral Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Diagnostic Assays ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fevers ◽  
Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers ◽  
Potential Availability ◽  
Broad Public Health ◽  
Government Laboratories

The recent Ebola - Zaire outbreak highlighted the need to understand the current and potential availability of diagnostic assays for a number of viral hemorrhagic fevers. The potential product landscape for rapid diagnostics of viral hemorrhagic fevers is extensive. The vast majority of these assays were developed in academic or government laboratories and have not progressed further toward commercialization or broad public health use. Subsequently, their approval under an Emergency Use Authorization may be delayed due to the lack of validation and standardization required for deployment as a reliable diagnostic tool. Lastly, the validation methods by which each assay was tested varied greatly, resulting in difficultly drawing direct comparisons amongst assays.

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