scholarly journals MAIN TRENDS OF MONITORING OF VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC FEVERS ACTIVITY IN THE NATURAL FOCI

2018 ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
Галина Компанец ◽  
Galina Kompanets
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fevers ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Severe Fever

This paper includes review of innovative methods of monitoring of activity of natural foci of epidemically important for Russian Federation such viral infections as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), and the analysis of probability to control such «exotic» infections, as Denge fever and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS).

scholarly journals Viral-induced inflammatory coagulation disorders: Preparing for another epidemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Iba ◽  
JH Levy ◽  
Marcel Levi
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fevers ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers ◽  
Life Threatening

A number of viral infectious diseases have emerged or reemerged from wildlife vectors that have generated serious threats to global health. Increased international traveling and commerce increase the risk of transmission of viral or other infectious diseases. In addition, recent climate changes accelerate the potential spread of domestic disease. The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an important example of the worldwide spread, and the current epidemic will unlikely be the last. Viral hemorrhagic fevers, such as Dengue and Lassa fevers, may also have the potential to spread worldwide with a significant impact on public health with unpredictable timing. Based on the important lessons learned from COVID-19, it would be prudent to prepare for future pandemics of life-threatening viral diseases. Among the various threats, this review focuses on the coagulopathy of acute viral infections since hypercoagulability has been a major challenge in COVID-19, but represents a different presentation compared to viral hemorrhagic fever. However, both thrombosis and hemorrhage are understood as the result of thromboinflammation due to viral infections, and the role of anticoagulation is important to consider.

Diagnostic Systems for Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers and Emerging Viral Infections Prepared in the National Institute of Infectious Diseases

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 315-321
Author(s):  
Masayuki Saijo ◽  
◽  
Shigeru Morikawa ◽  
Ichiro Kurane
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Diagnostic Assays ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fevers ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers ◽  
Biosafety Level

Given the real possibility of hemorrhagic fever viruses such as ebola (EBOV), Marburg (MARV), Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHFV), and Lassa (LASV) viruses being introduced into virus-free nations such as Japan, the need arises for concomitant diagnostics even where such diseases are not endemic. Hemorrhagic fever viruses classified as biosafety level-4 (BSL-4) pathogens can only be manipulated in BSL-4 laboratories, making it difficult for nations such as Japan, having no BSL-4 laboratories, to develop required diagnostic assays. To circumvent this problem, diagnostic assays with recombinant viral antigens have been developed at the National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (NIID). Diagnostics such as enzyme immunoassays for detecting viral hemorrhagic antibodies and antigens were developed using recombinant nucleoproteins (rNPs) of EBOV, MARV, CCHFV, and LASV for use as antigens. Immunoglobulin-G (IgG)-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence assay using rNPs were confirmed to be highly sensitive and specific in detecting these antibodies. Sandwich antigen (Ag) capture ELISA was also developed for detecting these antigens. The sections that follow detail diagnostics developed at the NIID.

Viral hemorrhagic fevers or West Nile fever – surprise in the journey

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Jarosław Piszczyk
Keyword(s):  
Circulatory System ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Maculopapular Rash ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Hemorrhagic Diathesis ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fevers ◽  
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers

Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) represent a group of similar clinical entities contagious constitutional diseases, caused by four different types of RNA viruses: Flaviviridae, Bunyaviridae, Arenaviridae i Filoviridae. These diseases proceed with high fever and damage of the circulatory system leading to homeostasis disorders, commonly accompanied by symptoms of hemorrhagic diathesis. VHFs are typically transmitted through infection vectors (mosquito) or through direct physical contact with infectious material. West Nile fever is the disease which is caused by West Nile virus from the Flaviviridae family. It begins flu-like symptoms, then it appears maculopapular rash and lymphadenopathy. At the most cases the symptoms retreat idiopathically. This disease can proceed as West Nile Neurological Disease in 1% of infected. The article presents three diseases, which can be present in tropical climate such as: Ebola hemorrhagic fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, West Nile fever.

scholarly journals Contributions of mast cells and vasoactive products, leukotrienes and chymase, to dengue virus-induced vascular leakage

eLife ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley L St John ◽  
Abhay PS Rathore ◽  
Bhuvanakantham Raghavan ◽  
Mah-Lee Ng ◽  
Soman N Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Denv Infection ◽  
Vascular Leakage ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fevers ◽  
Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers

Dengue Virus (DENV), a flavivirus spread by mosquito vectors, can cause vascular leakage and hemorrhaging. However, the processes that underlie increased vascular permeability and pathological plasma leakage during viral hemorrhagic fevers are largely unknown. Mast cells (MCs) are activated in vivo during DENV infection, and we show that this elevates systemic levels of their vasoactive products, including chymase, and promotes vascular leakage. Treatment of infected animals with MC-stabilizing drugs or a leukotriene receptor antagonist restores vascular integrity during experimental DENV infection. Validation of these findings using human clinical samples revealed a direct correlation between MC activation and DENV disease severity. In humans, the MC-specific product, chymase, is a predictive biomarker distinguishing dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Additionally, our findings reveal MCs as potential therapeutic targets to prevent DENV-induced vasculopathy, suggesting MC-stabilizing drugs should be evaluated for their effectiveness in improving disease outcomes during viral hemorrhagic fevers.

scholarly journals Future Developments and Applications of the Vaccines against Dangerous Viral Infections, RNA-Replicon-Based, Obtained from the Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus

2014 ◽  
pp. 86-91
Author(s):  
A. A. Petrov ◽  
V. N. Lebedev ◽  
T. M. Plekhanova ◽  
L. F. Stobva ◽  
O. N. Sidorova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Heterologous Gene Expression ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fevers ◽  
Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Rna Replicon

The members of the Filoviridae (Marburg and Ebola viruses) and Arenaviridae (Lassa, Lujo, Machupo, Junin, Guanarito, Sabia viruses) families are the etiological agents of particularly dangerous viral hemorrhagic fevers. These agents pose a potential threat to public health care in view of the possibility of their unintended import into the non-endemic regions, and thus construction of specific medical protectors as regards induced by them diseases is a pressing issue. According to leading experts, vaccination of the cohorts that fall in the risk groups is the most effective and least expensive method to prevent the development of epidemics. The review contains information on a new prospective line of protective preparations development as regards particularly dangerous viral infections - construction of alphavirus-replicon-based vaccine. Elaboration of recombinant replicons does not require cultivation of pathogenic microorganisms. RNA-replicons are distinguished by their incapacity to produce infective progeny, which is of a great importance for the development of vaccines against particularly dangerous viral hemorrhagic fevers. Advantages of alphaviral replicons over other RNA-replicons are as follows: high levels of heterologous gene expression and resistance to anti-vector immunity. RNA-replicons of alphaviruses combine the safety of inactivated, and immunogenicity of live attenuated vaccines. Alphaviruses-based replicons are suitable for express vaccine development with the purpose of specific prophylaxis of viral infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever in the COVID-19 pandemic: a case study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Mardani ◽  
Kouros Aghazadeh ◽  
Shahriar Nikpour ◽  
Atousa Hakamifard
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Reliable Diagnosis ◽  
Tehran Province

In the COVID-19 pandemic, the overlap of clinical features between the other viral infections, make a reliable diagnosis difficult in the initial stage of illness. We describe the first confirmed case of CCHF in Tehran province during this year, who first misdiagnosed as COVID-19 infection.

Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (Ebola, Lassa, Hantavirus)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Schechter
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Finding ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fevers ◽  
Bodily Fluids ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Common Laboratory

Viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) designates diseases caused by enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the families Ebola, Lassa, Hantavirus, and yellow fever. Unifying features include fever, capillary leak, and coagulation defects. These viruses can affect all organ systems; transmission occurs via contact with rodent excretions, either by ingestion or through mucosa or non-intact skin. Aerosolized rodent urine and saliva are also infectious. Person-to-person spread has been documented in Lassa and Machupo viruses, both by direct contact with bodily fluids and by airborne transmission. Thrombocytopenia is a common laboratory finding. Most acutely ill patients have high concentrations of virus in the blood as measured by polymerase chain reaction assay. Clinical differentiation between the various causes of VHF is difficult. Care is supportive. No antiviral drug, including ribavirin, has activity against these viruses. Most of these diseases do not occur naturally in the United States; however, some are considered viable for bioterrorism.

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