scholarly journals Neurophysiological Aspects of NeuroTactile Therapy of Masgutova Neurosensory Motor Reflex Integration MNRI® Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Nowak ◽  
Krzysztof Sendrowski
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tension ◽  
The Body ◽  
Proprioceptive Information ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Human Contact ◽  
Integration Mechanisms ◽  
Motor Reflex ◽  
Sense Of Touch ◽  
Development Regulation

In early childhood, touch is the fi rst means of communication with the surrounding world. How the parents touch and hold a baby and how frequently they touch it affects the emotional and physical development and health of the child. Studies demonstrate that deprivation of human contact for children usually causes them future anxiety and nervousness. The main assumptions of the MNRI® NeuroTactile therapy modality is to increase and create kinesthetic awareness in the body of a patient; to regulate functions of skin receptors by activation of the sense of touch and proprioception targeted at their neurological aspects – receptors, dermatomes, refl ex circuits and their functions. Techniques of the NeuroTactile Therapy created by Dr. Masgutova rely on providing a controlled amount of sensory stimuli and sensory-proprioceptive information for tactile and also proprioreceptive systems, particularly, to create and facilitate spontaneous physiological adaptive responses. The result is to improve the functions of the neurosensory motor system and overall neuro-development. The aim of this type of tactile training is to activate natural mechanisms for development, regulation and normalization of tactile perception, muscle tension, and also to promote sensory and sensory-motor integration mechanisms, develop kinesthetic awareness while reducing or eliminating stress and increasing neuroplasticity.

scholarly journals Hindbrain noradrenergic A2 neurons: diverse roles in autonomic, endocrine, cognitive, and behavioral functions

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (2) ◽  
pp. R222-R235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Rinaman
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cell Group ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Motor Reflex ◽  
And Function

Central noradrenergic (NA) signaling is broadly implicated in behavioral and physiological processes related to attention, arousal, motivation, learning and memory, and homeostasis. This review focuses on the A2 cell group of NA neurons, located within the hindbrain dorsal vagal complex (DVC). The intra-DVC location of A2 neurons supports their role in vagal sensory-motor reflex arcs and visceral motor outflow. A2 neurons also are reciprocally connected with multiple brain stem, hypothalamic, and limbic forebrain regions. The extra-DVC connections of A2 neurons provide a route through which emotional and cognitive events can modulate visceral motor outflow and also a route through which interoceptive feedback from the body can impact hypothalamic functions as well as emotional and cognitive processing. This review considers some of the hallmark anatomical and chemical features of A2 neurons, followed by presentation of evidence supporting a role for A2 neurons in modulating food intake, affective behavior, behavioral and physiological stress responses, emotional learning, and drug dependence. Increased knowledge about the organization and function of the A2 cell group and the neural circuits in which A2 neurons participate should contribute to a better understanding of how the brain orchestrates adaptive responses to the various threats and opportunities of life and should further reveal the central underpinnings of stress-related physiological and emotional dysregulation.

Nervous Control of Chromatophores in Teleost Fishes

1964 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-552
Author(s):  
J. D. PYE
Keyword(s):  
Local Heating ◽  
Respiratory Rhythm ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Nervous Control ◽  
Temperature Thresholds ◽  
Motor Tracts ◽  
New Hypothesis

1. Observations of earlier workers on the chromatic responses to local heating or cooling of the skin of Phoxinus have been confirmed. They have also been found to hold true for anaesthetized fish, in which finer control and observation are possible. 2. The results of a series of nerve-section experiments are held to exclude any possibility that the responses of the intact fish are mediated by a nervous reflex from thermoreceptors in the skin. 3. The responses of melanophores following section of the chromatic motor tracts, or when isolated from the body, are considered to be independent cellular responses. 4. Normal responses in the intact fish show clear temperature thresholds and are completely dependent upon continuation of the respiratory rhythm. 5. Possible physiological mechanisms for mediating these non-adaptive responses are discussed and a new hypothesis is put forward.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON THE STATUS OF THE BODY OF YOUNG PEOPLE OF 17-19 YEARS OF DIFFERENT ETHNIC GROUPS OF THE NORTH-EAST RUSSIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 766-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inessa V. Averyanova ◽  
S. I. Vdovenko ◽  
A. L. Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
External Respiration ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Northeast Russia ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Magadan Region ◽  
The Impact

Natural and climatic conditions of the environment of Northeast Russia and particularly Magadan region are the very factor mostly influencing adaptive responses by individuals inhabiting the region. Compensatory and adaptive responses in indigenes and newcomers of the region can be assumed to have their specific features. In 2009 there was executed the examination of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems and gas exchange in 392 cases aged of 17-19 years, including Europeans (Caucasians) born in the North in the 1st-2nd generation and indigenes. The methodologically similar study was carried out in 2014 in 265 persons, referred to the same cohorts of North-born Caucasians and Indigenes from the Magadan region. The results of the study executed in 2009 testified to a small number of physiological parameters that were reliably different in Caucasians vs. Indigene subjects. In 2014 no difference was found between the two examined cohorts throughout the observed parameters. The revealed changes in gas exchange, external respiration and cardiovascular systems demonstrated by modern young Indigenes of Northeast Russia testified to the fall in the effectiveness of their breathing. All that makes them farther from the classic “polar metabolic type” and their morphofunctional status becomes closer to European male subjects of Northeast Russia. Thus, we can observe a clear tendency towards “convergence in programs” of the adaptive changes between populations of the North residents undergoing similar natural, environmental and social factors.

scholarly journals Influence of modern sound environment on the functional state of the human body

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-153
Author(s):  
D. A. Dmitriev ◽  
Olga S. Indeykina ◽  
A. D. Dmitriev
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
Human Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Noise Sensitivity ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Functional Systems ◽  
Sound Environment

Sound environment is an essential sensory stimuli influencing on the all functional systems of the body. The nature of this influence depends not only on the volume, but also on the whole complex of factors affecting the subjective perception of sound. The article describes the effect of different noise and music stimuli on health and functional state of the human body, the importance of noise sensitivity due to the severity of the composition offunctional changes.

scholarly journals MUSCLE TENSION AND REFLEXES IN THE EARTHWORM

1923 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Cord ◽  
Ventral Nerve Cord ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Entire Length ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Ventral Region ◽  
Anterior Segments

1. By the use of preparations of earthworm in which the cutaneous receptors have been anesthetized with a solution of M/8 MgCl2, it is shown that peristalsis can be initiated by tension alone. 2. The receptors of the tension reflex are the intermyal sensory cells of the ventral region of the body wall. 3. It is concluded that Straub obtained the tension reflex because his preparations contained the intermyal receptors; Budington was unable to observe the tension reflex in any preparation from which the intermyal receptors had been removed. 4. Intermyal receptors are the receptors of the following reaction: Passive unilateral tension of the posterior part of an earthworm induces active homolateral tension of the musculature of the anterior segments, and results in the course of progress being brought into line with the enforced orientation of the tail. This reaction is termed the homostrophic reflex. 5. The receptors for the reaction are distributed throughout the entire length of the worm, the effectors are limited to the anterior 15 to 20 segments. The impulse is conducted by the ventral nerve cord. 6. The interaction of the homostrophic reflex and tropisms is considered.

Problems of Improving Working Capacity of the Operators at High-Tech Industries

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
N.L. Vishnevskaya ◽  
◽  
L.V. Plakhova ◽  
M.Yu. Liskova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Industrial Complexes ◽  
Persistent Fatigue ◽  
Process Work ◽  
High Level

Modern high-tech industry intensifies the production load on operators. The problem of maintaining a high level of working capacity and error-free work is growing. Earlier studies revealed that the work of operators in hermetically sealed rooms is characterized by the following: monotony, hypokinesia, lack of psychological and industrial contacts, static muscle tension, as well as a lot of frequently repeated small movements caused by the fact that the technical system is controlled indirectly — through the remote control. The operator is affected by the factors of a closed production environment (microclimate) and the labor process (work and rest mode, long working shifts), which together form a general status called fatigue. The main factor that causes fatigue is the integral extensive intensity of the activity. The dynamics of physiological processes characterizing fatigue and the possibility of erroneous actions were evaluated. It is established that low-intensity factors, which form the working conditions of operators of high-tech industrial complexes, provoke persistent fatigue, a decrease in the functional reserves of the body, the development and aggravation of professionally caused diseases. The degree of fatigue was assessed by the indicators of the latent time of sensorimotor reactions, the stability of attention and the error of actions. The obtained data confirm the need in developing effective ways and means of maintaining working capacity. In particular, the regulated breaks and pauses filled with the specially developed schemes of isometric exercises, should be introduced (according to a special schedule) into the work and rest mode with a 12-hour schedule. The study substantiates the need for further making recommendations on the development of preventive measures to optimize the working conditions of the operators in high-tech industries.

scholarly journals The Prediction of Impact of a Looming Stimulus onto the Body Is Subserved by Multisensory Integration Mechanisms

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (44) ◽  
pp. 10656-10670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Cléry ◽  
Olivier Guipponi ◽  
Soline Odouard ◽  
Serge Pinède ◽  
Claire Wardak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multisensory Integration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Integration Mechanisms

Fusion of Visual and Proprioceptive Information about Hand Position Prior to Movement

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 127-127
Author(s):  
M Desmurget ◽  
Y Rossetti ◽  
C Prablanc
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hand Position ◽  
Proprioceptive Information ◽  
Movement Onset ◽  
Loop Condition

The problem whether movement accuracy is better in the full open-loop condition (FOL, hand never visible) than in the static closed-loop condition (SCL, hand only visible prior to movement onset) remains widely debated. To investigate this controversial question, we studied conditions for which visual information available to the subject prior to movement onset was strictly controlled. The results of our investigation showed that the accuracy improvement observed when human subjects were allowed to see their hand, in the peripheral visual field, prior to movement: (1) concerned only the variable errors; (2) did not depend on the simultaneous vision of the hand and target (hand and target viewed simultaneously vs sequentially); (3) remained significant when pointing to proprioceptive targets; and (4) was not suppressed when the visual information was temporally (visual presentation for less than 300 ms) or spatially (vision of only the index fingertip) restricted. In addition, dissociating vision and proprioception with wedge prisms showed that a weighed hand position was used to program hand trajectory. When considered together, these results suggest that: (i) knowledge of the initial upper limb configuration or position is necessary to plan accurately goal-directed movements; (ii) static proprioceptive receptors are partially ineffective in providing an accurate estimate of the limb posture, and/or hand location relative to the body, and (iii) visual and proprioceptive information is not used in an exclusive way, but combined to furnish an accurate representation of the state of the effector prior to movement.

scholarly journals MicroRNA, Diabetes Mellitus and Colorectal Cancer

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 530
Author(s):  
Hsiuying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Common ◽  
Regulation Of Cell Cycle ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Development Regulation ◽  
Inhibit Cell Proliferation ◽  
Improve Glucose Tolerance

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an endocrinological disorder that is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin, or the body does not respond appropriately to insulin. There are many complications of DM such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and peripheral neuropathy. In addition to these complications, DM was reported to be associated with different cancers. In this review, we discuss the association between DM and colorectal cancer (CRC). CRC is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide that mostly affects older people, however, its incidence and mortality are rising among young people. We discuss the relationship between DM and CRC based on their common microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers. miRNAs are non-coding RNAs playing important functions in cell differentiation, development, regulation of cell cycle, and apoptosis. miRNAs can inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in CRC cells. miRNAs also can improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Therefore, investigating the common miRNA biomarkers of both DM and CRC can shed a light on how these two diseases are correlated and more understanding of the link between these two diseases can help the prevention of both DM and CRC.

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