The use of register data to monitor micro, small and medium-sized enterprises’ economic situation at the local level on the basis of the example of Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodship

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 52-68
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Chłoń-Domińczak ◽  
Aneta Ptak-Chmielewska

Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) play a significant role in the economy. According to the European Commission data, the SME sector in 2018 represented 99.8% of all enterprises in Europe, and likewise in Poland, therefore it is vital to have access to information regarding this sector and its economic situation on the lowest possible level of aggregation. The aim of the study described in this paper is to assess as to what degree data collected in public registers in Poland, including the information compiled by the Social Insurance Institution (ZUS) register, can constitute a source of information about the situation and development of the SME sector at the local level. The paper presents the economic situation of the SME sector in Europe, and also a range of information collected in ZUS registers relating to micro enterprises (including the self-employed enterpreneurs), small and medium-sized enterprises. Information concerning the SME sector in Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodship as of December 2018 is used in the research. The results confirm that register data enables the assessment of the economic situation of micro, small and medium- sized enterprises at the level of gminas (municipalities, communes), as per the OECD recommendations to broaden knowledge about the condition of the sector at a local level.

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-105
Author(s):  
Chanyong Park

This paper deals with the Korean welfare reform carried out due to the extremely unstable societal atmosphere, caused by the 1997 economic crisis. Introduction of the National Basic Livelihood Security Act and expansion of the coverage of social insurance are characterized as the projected reform. Nevertheless, the newly introduced public assistance program and the social insurance schemes still have room for improvement. For example, social insurance schemes had provided a protective umbrella in favor of regular workers, but it did not do the same for temporary contract-based workers or the self-employed. The government's efforts have not been sufficient to overcome these problems. This paper suggests some measures to resolve problems still existing in the Korean welfare system today.


2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-122
Author(s):  
Claudia Mantovan

In Italy, most of the studies on immigrants’ associationism and participation have concentrated on the more formal andstructured aspects. Little research has been done on forms of immigrant self-organization not oriented towards the society in the country of adoption. Drawing on these considerations, this article analyzes the self-organization of Bangladeshi residents in the municipality of Venice considering both their infra-political and their politico-organizational mobilization, seeking relationships between these two spheres of action, identifying transnational bonds, and dynamics linked to the social and political context of their home country. At the same time, the study considers the influence of other factors, such as the social, political and economic context found in the country of immigration (at both national and local level), and also the personal variables that can influence people’s participation, such as gender, generation, social class, amount of time spent in the adopted country, legal status, formal education, human capital, attitudes and personal projects in general.


2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 32-50
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Skrzek-Lubasińska

The main aim of the research presented in this paper is to determine the scale of the phenomenon of hybrid self-employment in Poland in the period of 2013–2017 and its correlation with the economic situation and the labour market indicators. The main research question posed in the paper is whether the number of the hybrid self-employed is falling, e.g. because of the possibility of undertaking a financially-satisfactory paid job, or growing, in periods of the improvement of the economic situation. The paper introduces definitions of the hybrid self-employment concept (otherwise: hybrid entrepreneurship) and its classifications in scientific literature and empirical stud-ies. Data obtained from the Social Insurance Institution (ZUS) pertaining to this phenom-enon in the period of 2013–2017 and the dynamics of changes in the number of the hy-brid self-employed are also presented, as well as the research into the correlation of this dynamics with the labour market indicators. The research demonstrates that the number of the hybrid self-employed in Poland is dependent to a larger extent on the labour mar-ket indicators than on the economic situation indicators. This might mean that the majority of the hybrid self-employed treat their business activity (sole proprietorship) as a source of additional income rather than as the development of a company which could become their main professional focus.


2021 ◽  
Vol specjalny II (XXI) ◽  
pp. 525-536
Author(s):  
Daniel Eryk Lach

The subject of the article is the self-government of social insurance institutions as a special expression of the social partners’ dialogue. Author discusses this issue on the example of the evolution of the ZUS Supervisory Board, starting from the interwar period, through the Polish People’s Republic, to the presentation of the current regulations governing the composition and competence of the Board


Author(s):  
Sara Plimon-Rohm

After existing for 46 years, the Austrian Farmers Insurance Institution (in German: Sozialversicherungsanstalt der Bauern – SVB) was merged into the Social Insurance Institution for the Self-Employed on 31 December 2019 and ceased to exist. Social insurance protection for farmers in Austria goes back further than 1974 and did not end with this reform. Over the years, the SVB has continually widened and improved its range of services, which became specialised for people working in agriculture and forestry. The following article will pinpoint the most important stages in the development of social insurance for farmers into what it is today, explain contributions and benefits, and present the available health programmes and initiatives as well as the Sozialversicherung der Selbständigen itself (the SVS), with a focus on agriculture. Social insurance in Austria is obligatory, meaning that as soon as a person takes up an occupation – either as an employee or self-employed – they gain social security coverage. As work on farms cannot be compared easily to other fields of work, the SVS offers different programmes and initiatives tailored to the need of people active in the agricultural sector or forestry.


2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikaël De Clercq ◽  
Charlotte Michel ◽  
Sophie Remy ◽  
Benoît Galand

Abstract. Grounded in social-psychological literature, this experimental study assessed the effects of two so-called “wise” interventions implemented in a student study program. The interventions took place during the very first week at university, a presumed pivotal phase of transition. A group of 375 freshmen in psychology were randomly assigned to three conditions: control, social belonging, and self-affirmation. Following the intervention, students in the social-belonging condition expressed less social apprehension, a higher social integration, and a stronger intention to persist one month later than the other participants. They also relied more on peers as a source of support when confronted with a study task. Students in the self-affirmation condition felt more self-affirmed at the end of the intervention but didn’t benefit from other lasting effects. The results suggest that some well-timed and well-targeted “wise” interventions could provide lasting positive consequences for student adjustment. The respective merits of social-belonging and self-affirmation interventions are also discussed.


1999 ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Editorial board Of the Journal

In the 10th issue of the Bulletin “Ukrainian Religious Studies” in the rubric “Scientific Reports and Announcements” there are in particular the following papers: “Religious Studies and Theology” by A.Kolodny, “Activity of the Orthodox Mission in Ukraine on the Turning Point of the XIX-XXth Centuries” by G.Nadtoka, “Religion in the Spiritual Heritage of V.Lypinsky” by L.Kondratyk, “Church as a Factor of the Self-identification of the Nation in the Cultural and Civilization Environment” by O.Nedavnya, “The Problems of Development of The Social Teaching of the Catholicism” by V.Sergyiko, “The God-Thunder Perun in the Pagan World-outlook of the Ancient Rus’” by N.Fatyushyna and other papers


Virittäjä ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Rouhikoski

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan nollapersoonaisen modaaliverbirakenteen käyttöä direktiivinä (esim. tämä hakemus pitäs vielä täyttää). Aineistona on 11,5 tuntia Kansaneläkelaitoksen eli Kelan toimistoissa videolle tallennettuja aitoja asiakaspalvelutilanteita, 131 yksittäistä tilannetta. Aineistossa esiintyvät neljä virkailijaa ovat noin 30-vuotiaita; asiakkaiden ikä vaihtelee noin 18 ja 80 vuoden välillä. Analyysi osoittaa, että nollapersoonan referenssi on ainakin muodollisesti avoin ja Kelan tilanteissa se usein kattaa sekä paikalla olevan asiakkaan että muut samassa tilanteessa olevat ihmiset. Siten nollapersoonalla ilmaistaan eksplisiittisesti, että kaikkia kohdellaan samoin säännöin eikä asiakkaalta vaadita mitään poikkeuksellista. Se ikään kuin perustelee itse itsensä. Modaaliverbi (esim. kannattaa, pitää, täytyä, voida) puolestaan tuo lausumaan jonkin keskustelun ulkoisen velvoitteen. Aineistossa nollapersoonaisia modaaliverbidirektiivejä käytetään usein silloin, kun virkailija ei käsittele itsestään selvänä, että asiakas tulee noudattamaan saamaansa direktiiviä, vaan direktiiviin liittyy epävarmuustekijöitä. Näitä ovat arkaluonteisuus, erilinjaisuus, toiminnon aiheuttama vaiva tai toiminnon uutuus vuorovaikutustilanteessa. Nollapersoonainen modaaliverbidirektiivi ottaa hienovaraisesti huomioon toimintoon liittyvät epävarmuustekijät mutta osoittaa silti toiminnon olevan tilanteessa tarpeellinen. Nollapersoonalausumia verrataan artikkelissa toiseen direktiivityyppiin, 2. persoonan modaaliverbilausumiin (esim. tää sun pitäs kuitenki täyttää vielä). Niissäkin modaaliverbi välittää tilanteen ulkopuolelta tulevan käskyn, mutta lausuma rajataan koskemaan ainoastaan yhtä asiakasta ja hänen velvollisuutensa tehdään näkyviksi. 2. persoonan modaaliverbidirektiiveillä annetaan yleensä lisäohjeita jo meneillään olevassa prosessissa tai toistetaan jokin jo annettu direktiivi. Lisäksi niitä käytetään yleensä vain silloin, kun asiakas on virkailijaa nuorempi, kun taas nollapersoonadirektiivejä esitetään kaikenikäisille asiakkaille.   Zero-person subjects and modal verbs in directives: a study of employees at the Social Insurance Institution of Finland  The article analyses the directive use of a Finnish zero person + modal verb construction, e.g. tämä hakemus pitäs vielä täyttää (‘one should fill in this application form’). The data comprises 11.5 hours of service encounters videotaped at the offices of the Social Insurance Institution of Finland (in Finnish: Kansaneläkelaitos = Kela), 131 encounters in total. The four employees in these encounters are all in their thirties, while their clients are between 18–80 years of age. The referent of a zero-person construction is formally open, and in the service encounters analysed here its referent is often not only the client but anyone else who finds themselves in a similar situation. Therefore, the zero person explicitly expresses the notion that all clients are treated in an equal manner. The modal verb (e.g. pitää, täytyä ‘must, have to, should’; voida ‘be able to’; kannattaa ‘be worthwhile’) denotes an obligation that comes from outside the situation at hand. The analysis of the data indicates that a zero person + modal verb construction is often used when the directive involves contingencies, such as delicacy, disalignment, imposition, or a previously undiscussed action. The zero person + modal verb construction displays the speaker’s orientation towards contingencies but also indicates the necessity of the action in question. The zero-person construction stands in contrast to another directive construction, that of the 2nd-person subject + modal verb (e.g. tää sun pitäs kuitenki täyttää vielä ‘you should still fill in this one’). The modal verb conveys an external obligation, but the 2nd-person pronoun refers to one sole person and makes explicit his/her responsibilities. This construction is mainly used when reformulating a previous directive or giving additional advice. Moreover, it is usually only used when addressing younger clients, whereas the zero-person construction is suitable to clients of all ages.


Author(s):  
Lyudmila A. Migranova ◽  
◽  
Valentin D. Roik ◽  

The article deals with the issues of functioning of the social insurance institution, the organizational-legal and financial forms of which are presented by the state extrabudgetary social funds - Pension Fund of Russia, Mandatory Social Insurance Fund and Mandatory Health Insurance Fund. It considers the main characteristics of social insurance: a) scope of covering the employed population by insurance protection; b) contribution rates as related to wages; c) level of protection of population incomes (pensions and benefits as related to wages and subsistence minimum); d) availability of quality medical assistance and rehabilitation services. There are analyzed the present social risks and problems of the RF insurance system. The main problem is that the amount of financial expenditures on all types of social insurance per beneficiary is about half that of most developed and developing countries. The primary cause is lacking motivation of both employees and employers to participate in the mandatory social insurance and to legalize their earnings. In the conclusion there are formulated a number of proposals for improvement of the institution of social insurance in Russia. It is proposed to expand the range of insurance cases concerning unemployment insurance and care for elderly people, to increase the total amount of compulsory contributions to extrabudgetary insurance funds from 30.2% up to 42.5% from three sources - employees, employers and the state.


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