Assessment of the antibacterial activity of chestnut (Castanea sativa) and cloves (Syzygium aromaticum) herbal extracts as an alternative to antibiotics use during post-hatching period of chicks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Rafał Kędzia ◽  
Marcin Lis
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Herbal Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Herbal Extracts

Bacterial infections of newly hatched chicks are the most common cause of their death in the initial period of rearing. These infections are always treated with antibiotics. The aim of the study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of herbal extracts of chestnut (Castanea sativa) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) against bacterial infections i.e. Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonice in comparison to antibiotics. The results of the microbiological analyses showed that the Castanea sativa and Syzygium aromaticum extracts had a slighter antibacterial activity in comparison to antibiotics. The diameter of zone inhibition of the culture's growth of gram-negative bacteria (i.e. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and gram-positive bacteria (i.e. Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) was 6-13 mm for these extracts in comparison to 15-30 mm for antibiotics. However, some bacterial strains presented full resistance to the selected antibiotics, e.g., wild strains of Enterobacteriaceae to amoxicillin or Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis to florfenicol, colistin, and doxycycline. In the second experiment, the effect of the herbal extract mixture added into drinking water on the growth and mortality of chicken broiler during the first rearing week was investigated. There was found that the use of herbal extracts improved the chickens’ body weight (157.4 g; P≤0.008) and decreased mortality rate (2.4%) compared to the control group (144.1 g and 3.9%, respectively) but not to the group treated with antibiotic (161.5 and 0.6% respectively; P≤0.009). In summary, the use of herbal extracts as a nutritional supplement for poultry seems to have a positive effect on weight gain of young birds, and to some extent reduce mortality in the first week of rearing.

scholarly journals FLORAL EXTRACT OF Tibouchina granulosa (DESR.) COGN. PHYTOCHEMISTRY PROSPECTION, AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Antonio Carlos Pereira de Menezes Filho ◽  
Matheus Vinícius Abadia Ventura ◽  
Carlos Frederico de Souza Castro
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Salt Formation ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Positive Results

Tibouchina granulosa is a species that blooms annually in several regions of Brazil. This species is still little explored in terms of phytocompounds in all organs of this plant, especially the floral organ. Flowers of T. granulosa were collected in the municipality of Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil, in 2021. The hydroethanolic floral extract was prepared by maceration and qualitative phytochemical (colorimetric reactions and salt formation) and antibacterial analyzes performed and the results expressed in millimeters of inhibition at different concentrations in mg mL-1. Several phytochemical classes were observed with positive results, especially for alkaloids, phenolics, oxylates, saponins, carbohydrates and tannins. As for the bacterial assay, potential antibacterial activity was observed for all bacterial strains tested, except for Salmonella serovar Thyphymurium and serovar Enteritidis. Expressive inhibitions were observed for Enterococcus faecalis > Pseudomonas aeruginosa > Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at the highest concentrations between 100-50 mg mL-1. The floral extract of Tibouchina granulosa showed phytotherapeutic potential with the presence of several phytochemical groups and expressive antibacterial activity.

Mycoses, bacterial infections and antibacterial activity in sandifies (Psychodidae) and their possible role in the transmission of leishmaniasis

Parasitology ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Schlein ◽  
I. Polacheck ◽  
B. Yuval
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Jordan Valley ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Group A

High incidence of mycoses were found in the guts and malpighian tubes of Phlebokomus papatasi from the Jordan Valley and P. tobbi from Zakinthos, Greece. Infections with several different bacteria were also found in the guts of female P. tobbi. Fungi cultured from guts of laboratory reared P. papatasi that had similar mycoses were identified as Aspergillus scierotiorum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Fungi-infected laboratory reared P. papatasi were refractory to artificial infections with a Leishmania major strain specific to them. The crop contents of P. papatasi, where sugar meals are stored, demonstrated antibacterial activity against the following bacterial species in culture: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella sonnei, Streptococcus group A and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is postulated that the bacteria-free gut normal to sandflies is effected by the bacterial inhibitor present in the crop.

scholarly journals Isolation of antibiotics producing bacteria from marine soil and comparative analysis of same with commercially available drugs

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 070-076
Author(s):  
Chinyelu Nkiru Umeaku ◽  
Chisom Faith Ohagwam ◽  
Chiamaka Ijeoma Chris-Umeaku
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Streptomyces Griseus ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Marine Soil

The isolation of antibiotic producing bacteria from marine soil and comparative analysis of same with ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin against staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was carried out in a Microbiology Laboratory of Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli. This was done to isolate antibiotic producing bacteria and compare same with existing commercially available antibiotics with a view to using marine soil in the treatment of common bacterial infections. Soil samples were collected from Bonny Island Sea, Port Harcourt. One gram of mixed soil sample was serially diluted and spread-plated on nutrient agar plates. The representative isolates obtained were sub-cultured to get a pure culture. Morphological, biochemical, physiological characteristics of the bacteria were analyzed. Agar well diffusion was carried out. One isolate had a substantial antibacterial activity with 3.5mm zone of inhibition against two test bacteria used in the preliminary screening. The isolate was marked as Streptomyces (STR I) and was identified as Streptomyces griseus while other isolates did not show any antibacterial activity. Ciprofloxacin showed the highest antibacterial activity to both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli of 3.7mm and 4.0mm respectively while Amoxicillin showed antibacterial activity of 3.5mm and 2.7mm respectively. This reveals that antibiotic producing bacteria from marine soil are also effective in antimicrobial activity and could be used for antimicrobial chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Cinnamon Extract (Cinnamomum burmannii) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli In Vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Nita Parisa ◽  
Rahma Nur Islami ◽  
Ella Amalia ◽  
Mariana Mariana ◽  
Riana Sari Puspita Rasyid
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antibacterial Compounds ◽  
Cinnamon Extract ◽  
Cinnamomum Burmannii

Abstract   Infectious disease is one of the most common diseases in the world. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are two common causes of infection and are resistant to many antibiotics, so the new agents are needed to overcome antibiotic resistance. Cinnamon is often used as a preservative because it has antibacterial activity. Cinnamomum burmannii is kind of native cinnamon from Indonesia. The antimicrobial active compounds cinnamaldehyde and eugenol are the main reasons for its antibacterial activity. This study observed the efficacy of the cinnamon extract (Cinnamomum burmannii) as antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. An experimental study, in vitro using Post-test Only Control Group Designed, has been done in Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory of Medical Faculty of Sriwijaya University. Cinnamon was extracted, then tested for its antibacterial activity using well diffusion and serial dilution to determine diameter of inhibition zone and minimum bactericidal concentration. Phytochemical tests were also conducted to determine the antibacterial compounds of cinnamon extract. Ethanol extract of cinnamon was able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus with MBC 5% and inihibitory zone 6,84±0,68 mm and Escherichia coli with MBC 10% and inhibitory zone 5,69±0,69 mm. Cinnamon extract which has the greatest effectiveness is concentration of 40% with inhibition zone 15,69±0,80 mm (Staphylococcus aureus) and 9,63±0,59 mm (Escherichia coli). This ability is due to the antibacterial compounds as evidenced by positive results in various phytochemical tests. Cinnamon extract is effective as antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in vitro.   Keywords: efficacy, antibacterial, Cinnamomum burmannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli

Synthesis of New Piperazine Substituted Chalcone Sulphonamides as Antibacterial Agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
Yan-Ling Tang ◽  
Yong-Kun Li ◽  
Min-Xin Li ◽  
Hui Gao ◽  
Xiao-Bi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Good Antibacterial Activity ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Global Threat

Background: Infection is a global threat to human health, and there is an urgent need to develop new effective antibacterial drugs to treat bacterial infections. Objective: To study the antibacterial activity of piperazine substituted chalcone sulphonamides. Materials and Methods: A series of novel piperazine substituted chalcone sulphonamides have been prepared, and in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli strains were evaluated. Results: The results showed that derivatives 6a, 6c and 6h displayed good antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis with MIC values of 4.0-8.0 mg/mL. Conclusion: Piperazine substituted chalcone sulphonamides may be used as potential antibacterial agents.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of the Crude Extract and Constituents of Vismia Baccifera Var. Dealbata (Guttiferae) Collected in Venezuela

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0700200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiola Salas ◽  
Judith Velasco ◽  
Janne Rojas ◽  
Antonio Morales
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Agar Method

The antibacterial activities of the crude extract of Vismia baccifera var. dealbata Triana & Planch and of compounds isolated from it (sesamin, friedelin and vismiaquinone) were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25992), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 23357), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) using the disc diffusion agar method. The results obtained have revealed antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa, pathogen opportunists that become resistant to the antibiotics frequently used. According to the literature consulted, this is the first report of the antibacterial activity of the crude extract of V. baccifera and its constituents.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Widuri Terhadap Escherichia Coli Dan Staphylococcus Aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Siti Zamilatul Azkiyah
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
The Body ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Antibiotics have a very important role in fighting bacterial infections in the body. However, the results given so far have not been optimal in overcoming the problem of bacterial infection. An alternative solution is to develop and study plants that have medicinal potential, for example thistle leaves (Calotrophis gigantean). The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of thistle leaf extract against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. This research is a laboratory-scale experimental research that is to test the activity of thistle leaf extract against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus including sample identification, extraction, activity testing by observing the inhibition zone of the two tested bacteria. Based on the results of the study stated that the ethanol extract of 70% Widuri leaves (Calotrophis gigantea) had antibacterial activity and could inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The active compounds that are thought to have antibacterial properties in the ethanol extract of Widuri leaves (Calotrophis gigantea) are flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenoids.   Keywords: Widuri leaves, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Antibacterial ABSTRAK   Pentingnya penanggulangan infeksi bakteri menggunakan antibiotik adalah hal yang lazim dalam terapi farmakologi. Dampak dari pemberian antibiotik masih belum maksimal dalam penanggulangannya terhadap infeksi bakteri. Pemilihan alternatif bahan alam dengan kandungan kimia yang memiliki potensi sebagai antibiotik dapat menjadi pilihan lain dalam mengurangi penggunaan antibiotik sintetik, misalnya tanaman widuri (Calotrophis gigantean). Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun widuri terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Desain penelitian meliputi identifikasi sampel, ekstraksi, hingga uji aktivitas dengan mengamati zona hambat dari kedua bakteri uji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol 70% daun Widuri memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dan dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Senyawa aktif yang diduga bersifat antibakteri pada ekstrak etanol daun Widuri adalah senyawa golongan flavonoid, alkaloid dan terpenoid. Kata Kunci: Daun Widuri, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Antibakteri

scholarly journals Bacterial Protease Inhibitors as Antibacterial agents to prevent Bacterial Infections Associated with Biofilms

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 398-412
Author(s):  
Sarah S ◽  
◽  
Shanmugharaju , V ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Microbial Mat ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate Precipitation ◽  
Protease Enzyme ◽  
Trypsin Inhibition ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Isolation of protease inhibitor producing bacteria from microbial mat and investigating its anti-biofilm potential against biofilm producing organism was selected as the main objective of the present study. Protease inhibitor (PI) was produced from bacterial isolates and purified using ammonium sulphate precipitation methods. Primary and secondary protease inhibitor assay was carried out separately to confirm the inhibition of protease enzyme activity both qualitatively and quantitatively. Antibacterial activity and anti-biofilm assay was performed to determine the biofilm prevention capabilities of PI. Three isolates (B1PI, B2PI and B3PI) were screened and B2PI bacterial culture was selected based on the results of primary and secondary protease inhibitor assay. Maximum trypsin inhibition of 77.5±0.25% was recorded for the isolate B2PI. Antibacterial activity of the B2PI protease inhibitor fractions exhibited inhibitory zones of 22.3±1.04mm and 20.2±0.25mm against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus respectively. Anti-biofilm assay of protease inhibitor fractions expressed 31.2μl/ml of MBIC against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The results conclude that, the protease inhibitor from the microbial mat isolate will be an effective alternative to the commercial antibiotics either alone or in combination with other drugs synergistically which shall be studied elaborately in future.

scholarly journals Antibacterial activity of Balanites aegyptiaca Oil Extract on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Khanam ◽  
Fatima Zakariyau Galadima
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Balanites Aegyptiaca ◽  
Serious Bacterial Infections ◽  
Oil Extract ◽  
Escherichia Coli Bacteria

Africa is very rich with biodiversity resources, vegetation and it is estimated about 40,000- 45,000 species of different flora. A very large number of plant species are medicinally used for the treatment of various diseases. Balanites aegyptiaca also called "desert date" indeed a plant with amazing benefits for human, Balanites aegyptiaca was popularly known to have added value and hope for person who went to pursue it for health. In Nigeria, there are evidences of serious bacterial infections with Gram-positive and Gram-negative Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli respectively. Balanites aegyptica is used to treat so many illnesses including laxative, diarrhea, hemorrhoid, stomach aches, jaundice, yellow fever, syphilis and epilepsy. The Balanite aegyptica sample was sun dried for easy removal of the seed from the shell; it was washed to remove un-wanted particles and was dried off then pounded fine powder using mortar and pestle. Antibacterial activity of the Balanites aegyptica oil at different concentrations on staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria and different meters in diameter of the zones was observed. The results shows significant effect of Balanites oil on bacteria by observing the presence of clear spaces known as the zone of inhibitions in the experiments.

scholarly journals INHIBITORY EFFECT OF ONION (ALLIUM CEPA LINN) AND SUGAR PASTE MIXTURE ON STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND ESCHERICHIA COLI BY IN VITRO

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 131-137
Author(s):  
Tahiruddin Tahiruddin ◽  
Diah Indriastuti
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Onion Extract

Background: Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are infection agents. The onion is known to have antibacterial properties. Meanwhile, sugar paste is effective to inhibit bacterial growth.Objective: This study aimed to identify the antibacterial activity of onion extract (Allium cepa Linn) and sugar paste mixture on staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by in vitro.Methods: We used a post-test-only control group design with a completely random design. The onion extract with sugar paste mixture was divided into 4 concentrations; 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% with 3 repetitions. The data were analyzed by measuring inhibition zone diameter and tested using the One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test.Results: Findings showed that on average, the antibacterial activity of onion extract and sugar paste mixture on staphylococcus aureus was 14.57mm, 17.44mm, 18.36mm, and 22.28mm, respectively 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% concentrations. Meanwhile, on Escherichia coli, it was 17.27mm, 19.67mm, 20.31mm, and 21.62mm.Conclusion: onion extract and sugar paste mixture can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

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