Dostoevsky: The Philosophy of the Hideout

Tekstualia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (67) ◽  
pp. 29-48
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Andrulonis

This article reads Dostoevsky’s Notes from Underground with regard to the idea of the people from hideouts, formulated in Józef Tischner’s philosophical writing and inspired by Antoni Kępiński’s Psychopatie. It fi rst discusses Dostoevsky’s book in the context of Lev Shestov’s philosophy of tragedy so as to juxtapose this approach with Kępiński’s psychiatric and Tischner’s philosophical theses. In particular, Tischner’s concept of hope is interpreted in opposition to the pessimism that informs Shestov’s ideas, the difference exemplifi ed by references to the behaviour of Dostoevsky’s protagonist.

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
С. И. Дудник ◽  
И. Д. Осипов

The article discusses the problems of evolution and the formation of the ideology of an enlightened monarchy in Russia. In this regard, the philosophical and political ideas of Catherine the Great, as well as their theoretical and ideological premises, are analyzed. It is noted that the philosophy of education in Russia was closely connected with the concepts of Voltaire, Didro, Montesquieu, Beccaria, Bentham, their views on natural law and human freedom, humanism and the rule of law. These concepts in the philosophy of Catherine received a specific interpretation, due to the sociocultural conditions of Russia. This was manifested in the famous work of Catherine the Great “The Nakaz”, which recognized Montesquieu's argument in favor of the autocracy, but at the same time, his point of view on the separation of powers was rejected. The specificity of the doctrine of enlightened monarchy lies in the combination of liberal and conservative values, which form eclectic forms. This was the dialectic of the supreme power, the difference between the enlightened monarchy and the ideology of absolutism. The article also notes that education in Russia is associated with fundamental socio-political reforms, processes of secularization of culture. At this time, the natural and human sciences are developing. The changes positively influenced the development of medicine, beautification of towns and public education. Also considered are the views on the autocracy of the opposition nobility intelligentsia: A. N. Radishchev and noted that his criticism of the autocracy was determined by an alternative cultural policy, proceeding from the protection of the interests of the people. The doctrine of enlightened monarchy is characterized by internal worldview inconsistency and political inconsistency, which did not allow solving the pressing social problems of the establishment of legal state, democratization of society and the abolition of serfdom.


1997 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 39-53
Author(s):  
Marcelo Lopes de Souza

Governability is quite ofien used as an "umbrella concept", under which both the capacity of governance (manner in which power is exercised in the management of a territory) and the governability in the strict sense of the word (acceptation of the social and political status quo by the people) are subsumed. The first part of this article underlies the difference between these two concepts The second part examines facts in relation to governance and governability problems in Rio de Janeiro, and discusses some ideologically generated current exaggerations about the governability crisis in this metropolis, as suggested by the experience of the 1980s and 1990s.


1892 ◽  
Vol 38 (160) ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
William Habgood

The population of Norway in 1875 consisted of 891,000 males and 930,000 females. (The details of the last census, 1890, showing a population of two millions, have not yet been published). Of these were insane 2,186 males and 2,382 females, giving a ratio of 23 insane (20·4 males, 25·6 females) to every 10,000 of the population. The total number of admissions into asylums for the year 1889 was 756, a ratio of 4·15 per 10,000. These figures compare favourably with those given in the report of the Commissioners in Lunacy for England for the same year, viz, 29·2 insane (27·2 males, 31·2 females) to every 10,000 population, and a ratio of 5·18 per 10,000 on the admissions. Although Norway is a poor country, such extreme poverty and distress as is found in our large cities does not exist there, and this, probably, accounts for the considerably smaller ratio of insane to population. Of the 756 total admissions 32 per cent, were suffering from melancholia, 27 per cent, from mania, 24 per cent, from dementia, and from general paralysis and epilepsy, equally, 1·9 per cent. The marked preponderance of melancholia over mania is interesting, the opposite conditions obtaining in this country, where mania shows an excess of 24 per cent. The distribution of a small population over a large tract of country, the mountainous character of that country, the monotony of life, the lack of amusement, the phlegmatic character of the race, in contrast to the crowded condition of the people, the high tension of living, and the excitement of city life which prevails in this country probably explain the difference. The small number (1·9 per cent, of the admissions,—being 6·4 per cent, less than in England) of those suffering from general paralysis might be explained in the same manner.


2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abeer Harb Al-Qawasmi ◽  
Fawwaz Al-Abed Al-Haq

<p>This study aims at the study of newborn names in Jordan of a sociolinguistic perspective. This study tries to detect the difference in naming newborns in Jordan over the decades - from the seventies to 2015 due to the result of some factors that may have affected the Jordanian society, whether historical, religious and/or social. The data necessary to complete the study was obtained from the Civil Status Department and the Department of Statistics. The data obtained consisted of names of both sexes during the time period from the seventies until the early year of 2015, a random sample of personal names within the same family were also provided. The data was analyzed quantitatively. The study revealed that there is a clear change in the choice of newborn names-male and female-in Jordan, whether a change in sounds or in morphemes. In specific, names during the seventies were strongly linked to the culture and the values, religious or social, in which the people believed in. During the eighties and nineties, names were associated with certain social values, however, some names were shown to be affected by urbanization or modernization. And with the beginning of 2000 up to 2015, peoples directions towards naming newborns changed due to the advent of globalization, associating with development and urbanization, and moreover, the influence of different cultures on the community.</p>


1988 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 153-168
Author(s):  
Kathleen E. Welch

In his Autobiography, published posthumously in 1873, twenty years after it was first drafted, John Stuart Mill writes a series of logical essays on ideas. The people who appear in the book do so as personifications of these ideas rather than as palpable characters. This writing strategy leads Mill to make ideas rather than people exciting, and this unusual hierarchy makes his autobiography not only a fascinating book but a peculiar one as well. One in fact wishes that Mill had thought of the title The Autobiography of an Idea sixty years before his intellectual grandson, Louis Sullivan, used it for his autobiography. Mill composes his autobiography of personified ideas with a series of logical essays on his remarkable education and on his political and philosophical writing. Consequently, deductive writing forms these essays, a kind of writing that is not surprising for a logician and an essayist but rare for an autobiographer.


Author(s):  
I Putu Juniartha ◽  
Made Antara ◽  
I Made Sudarma

The results of this study indicate: (1) Characteristics of waste in Pakraman Padangtegal Village consisted of 83.88% organic waste, 7.24% plastic waste, 4.42% paper waste, 2.22% bottle waste, glass waste at 1.28% and metal waste at 0.96%; (2) public perception in waste management in Pakraman Village, Padangtegal that most of the people in Pakraman Village, Padangtegal, already know about the definition of waste and the danger of waste if it is not managed properly. Besides that the community also knows the difference between organic and inorganic waste so that the process of sorting waste in the place provided can run well, and the community's perception of waste management services has gone well with the transportation of waste twice a day; (3) the participation of the Pakraman Padangtegal Village community in waste management has played a role in various stages of waste management, starting from the sorting, garbage collection and garbage disposal, which complies with waste regulations and maintains the quality of the environment in Padangtegal Pakraman Village. The participation of the tourism industry in the process of waste management in Pakraman Village, Padangtegal, can be seen as being involved in the process of sorting waste and paying monthly fees and waste fees. The community participation in the waste management process is to help the government to socialize the waste management process by carrying out waste collection activities every week and provide a place for the waste management process. Suggestions in this study are that waste managers will immediately add facilities and infrastructure for waste transportation and accelerate the expansion of waste management in the village of Pakraman Padangtegal.   Keywords: Waste Management System, Pakraman Village


2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-181
Author(s):  
Wahyu Kamil Syarifaturrahman ◽  
Nurachman Hanafi ◽  
Nuriadi

This writing is about inflection of Sasak language in Kuripan. The people of Kuripan use Meno-Mene dialect as their daily communication. Sasak language in Kuripan has the uniqueness based on its position (lay on a boundary area of West Lombok and Central Lombok) wherein Kuripan uses Meno-Mene dialect and the other part of Central Lombok which is close to Kuripan Use Meriaq-Meriku dialect so that it makes Meno-Mene dialect of Kuripan has its own character. Based on the phenomenon about varieties of the words and utterances which have different structure is used in Sasak language especially in Kuripan, so I interest in doing the research about inflection as a subfield of morphology which influences the sentences or utterances structurally.  Therefore, this study aims to analyze the types and the functions of inflection in the Meno-Mene dialect of Kuripan. This study used a descriptive and qualitative method where the data gathered through some methods: observation, and an interview. The data gathered are analyzed using some steps: Representing the data obtained, then classifying the class category of the base words (whether they are verb, noun, or adjective), then Identifying the types of inflection in  Meno-Mene Dialect of Kuripan, and the last Analyzing various functions of inflection in Meno-Mene dialect of Kuripan. This study found there is 34 (thirty-four) inflection morpheme that classified according to the lexical category, namely; noun, verb, and adjective. Furthermore, all of the inflectional affixes above have the difference function depend on their affixes and their base-form category. Hence, this study found that the use Meno-Mene dialect of Kuripan has the various affixes especially in term of inflection which influences the utterances or expressions grammatically.


Bioderecho.es ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chahinaze Sarah Hasnaoui

Se analiza el reconocimiento del perjuicio ecológico en Francia como resultado de un largo proceso deconstrucción jurisprudencial y doctrinal. Para ello se toma como punto de partida el desastre del Erika, un petrolero cargado de 31 000 toneladas de fuel que se partió en las aguas bretonas, causando una marea negra que alcanzó más de 400 kilómetros de costafrancesa. Se estudian las distintas decisiones de los tribunales implicados en el juicio de esta catástrofe y las distinciones que se establecen entre perjuicios subjetivos (intereses patrimoniales y extrapatrimoniales de las personas) y objetivos (daños al ambiente natural). The recognitionof the ecologic damage in France is analysed as a result longprocessof jurisprudential and doctrinal construction. For that, the Erika disasteris taken as a starting point, an oil tanker loaded with 31,000 tons of fuel which broke offin Breton waters, causing an oil slick which affected more than 400 kilometres of French coast.The different court’sdecision involved in the trial of this catastrophe, as well as the difference established between subjective damages (patrimonial and extra patrimonialinterest of the people) and objective damage (environmental damage)have been studied.


Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Р.Н. АБИСАЛОВА

В статье рассмотрен один из мотивов осетинского Даредзановского эпоса – мотив прикованного героя, еще в древности вошедший в мифологию, фольклор, литературу многих народов и получивший название «мотив Прометея». Образ Прометея относится к «вечным образам» мировой художественной культуры. История прикования и освобождения Прометея и в древнегреческой мифологии, и в трагедии Эсхила позиционируется как топонимически привязанная к Кавказу. Именно здесь сюжет о наказанном Богом и прикованном богатыре получил распространение в национальных мифах и эпических преданиях – грузинских, осетинских, кабардинских, абхазских, вайнахских, армянских и др. Эти лаконичные предания об Амиране-Амране, по мнению Вс.Ф. Миллера, – кульминационные во всех источниках, рассказывающих об этом герое. Рассмотрены как древнегреческий Прометей, так и кавказские, в первую очередь осетинские, прикованные герои, представленные в работах Вс.Ф. Миллера, Г.Н. Потанина, Дз. Гатуева, Д.А. Калоевой, З.Г. Тменовой, Ю.А. Дзиццоты, Х.Ф. Цгоева и др. Образ Амирана сравнивается с соответствующими ему героями кавказских эпосов. При всей схожести мотивов богоборчества и наказания героя прикованием к скале или столбу нельзя не отметить отличия осетинского Амирана от остальных. В Даредзановских сказаниях он героическая личность, истинный богатырь, совершающий множество подвигов, побеждающий великанов, помогающий всем нуждающимся. Сын племянницы Бога, герой близок к народу, он побеждает врагов не только ради демонстрации силы, ловкости, хитрости, но и для спасения родных и друзей. В отличие от большинства кавказских прикованных героев, освобождение Амирана не предвещает гибель мира, напротив, осетинский Амиран, в случае освобождения, даст людям свободу и счастье. Многие мотивы в преданиях об Амране соотносятся с мотивами Нартовского эпоса. Амиран-Амран приравнивается к любимым героям осетинской Нартиады – Сослану, Батразу, Урузмагу, Шатане. В работе его образ рассмотрен для подтверждения объективной закономерности подобной репрезентации осетинского героя. The article deals with one of the motives of the Ossetian Daredzanian epic − the motive of the chained hero, which in ancient times entered the mythology, folklore, literature of many peoples and was called the "Prometheus motive". The image of Prometheus belongs to the "eternal images" of world art culture. The history of the chaining and liberation of Prometheus, both in ancient Greek mythology and in the tragedy of Aeschylus, is positioned as toponymically tied to the Caucasus. It was here that the plot about the God-punished and chained hero became widespread in national myths and epic legends − Georgian, Ossetian, Kabardian, Abkhaz, Vainakh, Armenian, etc. These laconic legends about Amiran-Amran, according to Vs.F. Miller, are culminating in all the sources telling about this hero. Both the ancient Greek Prometheus and the Caucasian, primarily Ossetian, chained heroes presented in the works of Vs.F. Miller, G.N. Potanin, Dz. Gatuev, D.A. Kaloeva, Z.G. Tmenova, Yu.A. Dzizzoity, Kh.F. Tsgoev and others. The image of Amiran is compared with the corresponding heroes of the Caucasian epics. With all the similarity of the motives of fighting against God and the punishment of the hero by being chained to a rock or a pillar, one cannot fail to note the difference between the Ossetian Amiran and the others. In Daredzan's legends, he is a heroic person, a true hero who performs many feats, conquers giants, and helps all those in need. The son of the niece of God, the hero is close to the people, he defeats enemies not only for the sake of demonstrating strength, dexterity, cunning, but also to save family and friends. Unlike most of the Caucasian chained heroes, the release of Amiran does not portend the death of the world, on the contrary, the Ossetian Amiran, if liberated, will give people freedom and happiness. Many motives in the legends about Amran correlate with the motives of the Nartov epic. Amiran-Amran is equated with the favorite heroes of the Ossetian Nartiada - Soslan, Batraz, Uruzmag, Shatana. In the work, his image is considered to confirm the objective regularity of such a representation of the Ossetian hero.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Kadek Devi Kalfika Anggria Wardani

The study which is descriptive qualitative in nature, aims to investigate preference of politeness strategies by Balinese Hindu-community in traditional marriage ritual. Data was collected using interview and observation methods. Based on the results of data analysis, this research shows that the form of politeness that arises can be seen in terms of place, time, to the leaders of the people, during preparation, implementation, disclosure of the relationship with the Almighty, and after the completion of the ritual. The different forms of politeness that emerge can be seen from the use of Balinese in various levels which are adjusted to the social distance and speech situation. Besides being seen from the use of language, linguistic politeness is also evident from the attitude, intonation, and tone of the speaker. The difference in the form of politeness is intentionally raised to cause certain psychological impacts on the interlocutor.


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