scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening: Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of Potamogeton Species in Order to Obtain Valuable Feed Additives

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 1111-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Lupoae ◽  
Victor Cristea ◽  
Daniela Borda ◽  
Mariana Lupoae ◽  
Gabriela Gurau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Phytochemical Screening

scholarly journals The Effects of Turnip (Brassica rapa) Extract on the Growth Performance and Health of Broilers

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 867
Author(s):  
Reza Eghbaldost-Jadid ◽  
Mehran Nosrati ◽  
Behrouz Rasouli ◽  
Alireza Seidavi ◽  
Clive J. C. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Four Levels

There are concerns about inclusion of antibiotics in the feed of broiler chickens, because of the development of antibiotic resistance, leading to a search for alternative feed additives. Turnip extract is known to have antibacterial properties but has not been tested in the diet of broiler chickens. We allocated 200 broiler chicks to receive one of four levels of turnip extract in their water, 0, 150, 300 or 450 ppm, or a standard antibiotic, Virginiamycin, over a 42-day growing period. Although initially there were detrimental effects of providing 450 ppm, overall the 150 ppm level of supplementation increased weight gain, compared with birds given Virginiamycin, and decreased gizzard weight. Birds given 150 ppm or Virginiamycin had increased low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) and reduced very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) in their blood serum and reduced antibody responses to sheep red blood cells, compared to birds in the 450 ppm treatment. Birds given turnip extract at 450 ppm had fewer Gram-negative lactose and coliform bacteria than those provided with no turnip extract, and those provided with 150–300 ppm had the same as those provided with Virginiamycin. Turnip extract could potentially replace antibiotics included in the feed of broiler chickens for growth promotion and the control of bacterial infection of the gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of the Root Extract of Cyphostemma adenocaule (Steud. ex A. Rich.) Wild & R.B.Drumm

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
Abdulbasit Haliru Yakubu ◽  
Mohammed Mustapha Mohammed ◽  
Abdulqadir Bukar Bababe ◽  
Hassan Yesufu Braimah
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Test Organisms

Plant secondary metabolites have provided important bioactive principles for developing new lead compounds. Within their confinement, they exhibit unique chemical diversity, which influences their diverse biological properties. The Vitaceae family is known for its potent antioxidant and antibacterial phytoconstituents, among other biological properties. Cyphostemma adenocaule is one of the family members explored for its ethnomedicinal properties. This study undertook the evaluation of the phytochemical, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of the root extract of Cyphostemma adenocaule. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, carbohydrates & glycoside, saponins, and tannins. The methanol root extract had the highest activity in the DPPH assay, providing IC50 (50% inhibition) of 10.87µg/ml, followed by n-Hexane (IC50 74.10µg/ml) and chloroform (IC50 74.31µg/ml) extract. In the antibacterial assay, the chloroform extract was active against E. coli (24.00±0.15) and had moderate activity against Staph. aureus (12.5±0.18). The n-Hexane extract was completely inactive against the test organisms while the methanol extract showed poor activity against the test organisms. The present study adds to the existing literature on Cyphostemma adenocaule with scientific evidence into its biological properties.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Antibacterial Properties of the Hydro-Ethanolic Leaf and Stembark of Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae) on Cariogenic and Periodontopathic Bacteria

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-49
Author(s):  
Fowedlung Ngufor Agafina ◽  
Ashu Michael Agbor ◽  
Fotsing Kwetche Pierre René ◽  
Tembe Fokunang Estella ◽  
Pilipili Charles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Coarse Powder ◽  
Periodontopathic Bacteria

Background: Caries and periodontal diseases are major public health problems. Due to increase in bacterial resistance to antibiotics, there is a need to promote the known potential of plants and search for new anti-infectious substances as therapeutic alternatives to antibiotics. Aims: This study was aimed at evaluating the antibacterial property of the hydro-ethanolic leaf and stem bark extracts of Psidium guajava on cariogenic and periodontopathic bacteria. Methodology: This was an experimental study that took place in the Laboratory of Chemistry and Microbiology (Clinique Universitaires des Montagne (CUM)) of Bangangté between January to June 2020. They were dried in shade for 3 weeks and ground to obtain a coarse powder. The dried powders were macerated for 72 hours in a water-ethanol mixture (30:70). Then, the phytochemical screening and quantification of the total polyphenol content followed. Microdilutions were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of guava. Müller Hinton agar was used for obtaining the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) and the determination of inhibition diameters of the bacteria. Results: Extraction yields of 17.36g and 42.55g were obtained for leaf and stem bark, respectively. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of various secondary metabolites among which the total phenol content was quantified at 236.1878 and 255.7682 mg equivalent of gallic acid per gram for leaf and stem bark, respectively. The carious bacteria isolated were: Streptococcus mutans, Actinomycetes viscosus and Lactobacillus acidophilus.While, the periodontal bacteria were: Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum ,Tannerella forsythensis. The results obtained showed that the combined extracts of leaf and stem bark had an activity higher than that of the stem bark which in turn had a higher activity than the leaves.  Conclusion: Non-invasive independent predictors for screening esophageal varices may decrease medical as well as financial burden, hence improving the management of cirrhotic patients. These predictors, however, need further work to validate reliability.

scholarly journals The Proximate Analysis, Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant Activity and Mineral Composition of Momordica charantia and Ocimum gratissimum Leaf Powder

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
O. D. Oloruntola ◽  
S. O. Ayodele ◽  
O. P. A. Olowu ◽  
A. B. Falowo ◽  
S. A. Adeyeye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Appreciable Amount ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Leaf Powder

Aim: This study aims to evaluate and characterise the Momordica charantia and Ocimum gratissimum leaf powder. Methodology: The quantitative analyses for proximate, phytochemicals, minerals, and antioxidant activities of Momordica charantia and Ocimum gratissimum leaf powder were carried out using standard procedures. Results: The result of the proximate analysis showed that both plants contain an appreciable amount of moisture, ash, crude fibre, crude fat, crude protein and nitrogen-free extract content,  with M. charantia leaf powder having higher moisture (5.49 ± 0.03%) content than O. gratissimum leaf powder (5.02 ± 0.01%) (P < 0.05).  Ocimum gratissimum had higher crude fibre content (25.03 ± 0.25%) than M.  charantia leaf powder (20.86 ± 0.12%) (P < 0.05).  The protein, ash, crude fat and nitrogen-free extract contents were not significantly different (p> 0.05) between the two leaf powders. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannin, flavonoid, phenol, alkaloids, saponin and phytate. Except for alkaloid content, M. charantia leaf powder had higher tannins (1.20±0.02 mg/g), flavonoids (225.64±14.61 mg/g), phenol (21.04±0.57 mg/g), saponins (57.36±0.08 mg/g) and phytate (7.79±0.25 mg/g) content compared to O. gratissimum leaf powder. The antioxidant activity of the plants showed that M. charantia leaf powder possessed higher DPPH scavenging free radical activity than that of O. gratissimum leaf powder. The mineral constituents revealed that both plants contain a significant amount of zinc, calcium, iron and phosphorus, with M. charantia leaf powder having higher zinc and calcium concentration than O. gratissimum leaf powder (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study shows that the leaf of M. charantia and O. gratissimum plants are rich sources of nutrients and phytochemicals and can be used as natural feed additives in animal nutrition.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening, Liver Toxicity and Antibacterial Properties of Aqueous and Ethanol Extracts of a Local Herbal Mixture “Aju Mbaise”

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 237-242
Author(s):  
Oprah Evbakhavbokun ◽  
◽  
Taidi Ekrakene ◽  
Ebakota Daniel ◽  
Frances Olisaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Herbal Mixture ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

scholarly journals The effects of different plant extracts on bile salt hydrolase activity of Lactobacillus strains isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of poultry

2021 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
Amin Dibamehr ◽  
◽  
Mohsen Daneshyar ◽  
Amir Tukmechi ◽  
Seyyed Meysam Abtahi Froushani
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Bile Salt Hydrolase ◽  
Promising Alternative

The bile salt hydrolysis (BSH) enzyme weakens fat metabolism through bile salt deconjugation and reduces poultry performance, in order to cope with the antibacterial properties of the bile. Therefore, reducing the activity of this enzyme through the use of feed additives is probably a promising alternative to antibiotics for improving poultry performance. Plant extracts have long been used as feed additives for promoting poultry growth. In the current experiment, five Lactobacillus strains including Lactobacillus animalis, Lactobacillus acidophillus, Lactobacillus gallinarum, Lactobacillus lactis, and Lactobacillus returi were obtained from the poultry hindgut and were used as the probiotic application. A plate test and two-step enzymatic reaction method were used for deconjugation activity determination of the Lactobacillus strains. Further, four plant extracts (i.e., the aerial parts of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), Roselle calyx (Hibiscus sabdariffa), Berberis vulgaris root, and Green tea) were examined in terms of BSH enzyme inhibitors using the cell-free extracts as the potential antibiotic alternative. Furthermore, the gallbladders of the broilers were freshly collected from the poultry slaughterhouses, and their contents were extracted. The results showed that all Lactobacillus strains could hydrolyze the taurocholate acid (TCA) and chicken bile salt mixture (CBSM) to unconjugated bile acid. Moreover, ethanolic extracts of B. vulgaris root and Green tea relatively reduced the activity of the BSH enzyme that could potentially be investigated as an appropriate alternative in poultry feed in vivo. In conclusion, all five Lactobacillus strains were resistant to bile salts (i.e. TCA and CBSM) by BSH activity, and the addition of Green tea and B. vulgaris root extracts to the bacterial medium demonstrated inhibitory effects against the BSH enzyme.

scholarly journals Herbology, Antibacterial and Antihaemorrhagic Effect of Allium sativum Linn (Lilliaceae) Extracts against Bacterial Meningitis Pathogens

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Kokori Bajeh Tijani ◽  
Abdullahi Attah Alfa ◽  
O. D. Omotoso ◽  
Yahaya Junaidu ◽  
Umar Sabdat Unoyiza
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Neurologic Disorders ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Ethnomedicinal Uses

Bacterial Meningitis pathogen (BMP) causes cellular hemorrhagic sepsis, metabolic, endocrine and neurologic disorders in human systems. This burden of the disease is highest in the developing countries and especially in the immunity compromised rural populations in Sub-Saharan Africa. The A. sativum bulb extracts (JEAS, EEAS and AEAS) contain valuable pharmacologically active principles for antihaemorrhagic and antibacterial properties against bacterial meningitis pathogens. It extracts were evaluated in Wistar rats to provide scientific basis for ethnomedicinal uses. The phytochemical screening was conducted using standard method prescribed. Anti-haemorrhagic activity was evaluated using sterilized blade lancet to cut 2mm long and 2mm deep in the rat groin model. The coagulative effects of time were significantly at P<0.05 reduced by the bulb extracts applied as compared to that of the control. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates, flavonoids, saponins, steroids and tannins. The result of this study revealed that A. sativum bulb extracts possessed good secondary metabolites with bioactive principles, biological and pharmacological functions. This provide scientific basis for the plant in the management of haemorrhagic sepsis and infectious disease.

scholarly journals Suppression of Proinflammatory Cytokines by Etlingera alba (A.D.) Poulsen Rhizome Extract and Its Antibacterial Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Rini Hamsidi ◽  
Wahyuni Wahyuni ◽  
Idin Sahidin ◽  
Evi Apriyani ◽  
Harsono Harsono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Chemical Constituent ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Edema Volume ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Etlingera alba is one of the Etlingera plants that has not been studied intensively. Plants that belong to the same genus have similar constituents and pharmacological activities. Thus, we aim to investigate the chemical composition and pharmacological activities, namely, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, of E. alba rhizome extract (EA). The chemical constituent was detected using the test tube method. The inflammatory model rats were obtained by inducing them with 1% carrageenan, and their palm edema volume and cytokine levels, namely, IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α, were measured. Antibacterial activity was performed with broth microdilution. The phytochemical screening of EA was detecting alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and phenols. The EA has anti-inflammatory activity by reducing the palms’ edema volume and cytokine levels (IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α), and the optimal concentration was 400 mg/kg body weight (BW). On the other hand, EA also exhibited antibacterial properties against E. coli and S. enterica. In conclusion, similar to other Etlingera plants, EA also demonstrates pharmacological activities, namely, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties.

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